16種英語時態(tài)總結(jié)歸納
    時態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。
    英語時態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時、完成時和完成進(jìn)行時。
    
    ?
    1. 一般現(xiàn)在時
    用法：
    A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
    B) 習(xí)慣用語。
    C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。
    例：He always helps others. (他總是幫助別人。)
    D) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態(tài)一致。
    E) 表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞 )可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。
    例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
    (下一趟火車今天下午3點開車。)
    How often does this shuttle bus run? (這班車多久一趟?)
    F) 在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時)表示將來事 情。
    例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個小時了。)
    2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be doing)
    用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。
    3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)
    用法：
    A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
    例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
    A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
    答案是C) haven't sold。
    B) 表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for 加一段時間，或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。
    例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
    A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
    B) may be challenged D) are challenging
    全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?！眂hallenge是及物動詞，在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動語態(tài);其動作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)?？梢姶鸢甘荂) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對。
    C) 表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
    例：John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
    注意事項
    A) 現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)的影響，是動態(tài)的結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
    例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
    He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
    B) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
    例：My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù))
    My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)
    C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時。
    例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。)
    D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。
    例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
    E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時。
    例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
    4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have been doing)
    用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
    例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。)
    注意事項：與現(xiàn)在完成時相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
    例：1997年6月四級第45 題
    It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
    A) had leaked B) is leaking
    C) leaked D) has been leaking
    從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障?！钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧?。第一句動作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。D) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，必須用和完成時有關(guān)的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。
    5. 一般過去時
    用法：
    A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。
    B) 表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時。
    例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。)
    He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)
    C) 有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
    例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎?)
    Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
    注意事項：
    A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。
    B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。
    Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比。前者表示"過去常?；蜻^去曾經(jīng)"，要求加動詞原形;后者表示"習(xí)慣于"，要求加名詞或動名詞。
    6. 過去完成時(had done)
    用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)"。
    Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
    A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
    全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯?，謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A) didn't hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B) hasn't been hearing，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動作，與題意不符。C) hasn't heard，現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。
    注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。
    例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進(jìn)來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)
    分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在"開門"和"注意"這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。
    7. 過去將來時(would/ should do)
    用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。
    例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)
    注意事項：由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關(guān)注意事項。
    8. 過去進(jìn)行時(was/ were doing)
    用法：
    A) 表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
    例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)
    B) 如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進(jìn)行時。
    例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時我正在洗頭發(fā)。)
    注意事項：其它與將來時有關(guān)的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時。
    9. 一般將來時
    用法：
    A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。
    例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。)
    B) 有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。
    例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到5月。)
    C) 表示“打算去……，要……”時，可用be going to do。
    例：This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說的。)
    D) 表示“即將、正要”時，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
    例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)
    E) "be to do"的5種用法：
    a) 表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
    例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會在實驗室見到她。)
    b) 該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。
    例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
    c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近can, may)
    例：How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
    d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。
    例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
    A. will be attended B. will be attended to
    C. is attended D. is attended to
    will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。
    e) 用于條件從句“如果……想，設(shè)想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
    例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
    A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
    答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！?BR>    F) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
    例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個球。)
    例：1999年6月四級第65題
    I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
    A) in B) to C) at D) on
    答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當(dāng)他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他?！?BR>    注意事項：
    在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時，可用完成時。
    例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
    10. 將來進(jìn)行時(will be doing)
    用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。
    例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心，你不會認(rèn)不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)
    注意事項：由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和進(jìn)行時融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項，可參考"一般將來時"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時"的有關(guān)注意事項。
    11. 將來完成時(will have done)
    用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
    例：1997年1月四級第22題
    The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
    A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
    C) would last D) has lasted
    本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個星期?！本渲衎y the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。答案是B) will have lasted。如果選A)，因為情態(tài)動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以C) would last錯誤。因為D) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以也不正確。
    注意事項：由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在完成時”的有關(guān)注意事項。
    12)將來完成進(jìn)行時：shall have been doing ，will have been doing
    例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動語態(tài))
    13)過去完成進(jìn)行時：had been doing
    例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動語態(tài))
    14) 過去將來進(jìn)行時：should be doing , would be doing
    例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
    15) 過去將來完成時：should have done , would have done
    例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
    16) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時：should have been doing , would have been doing
    例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)
    中考英語動詞時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)七大考點
    時態(tài)是初中英語語法難點，也是中考的重要考點，其考點主要集中在以下幾個方面：
    【考點1】一般現(xiàn)在時的用法考查
    一般現(xiàn)在時主要有如下幾點用法：1、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如：It seldom snows in Suqian now. 2、現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。例如：He loves sports. 3、普遍真理，一般規(guī)律。例如：Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 4、可以用來表示一個按規(guī)定，計劃，安排或時刻表要發(fā)生的情況，一般都有一個表示未來時間的狀語。通常用來表示學(xué)期什么時候要開學(xué)、結(jié)束;飛機(jī)、火車、汽車、船只等交通工具什么時候要到達(dá)，什么時候要離開等時刻表上已有安排的活動。動詞一般限于少數(shù)幾個，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如：My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow. 5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等連接詞引導(dǎo)的時間或條件狀語從句中，從句中謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句要用將來時。例如：Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.
    關(guān)于一般現(xiàn)在時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：a. 在間接引語中，如果轉(zhuǎn)述的是客觀真理，一般規(guī)律，諺語俗語，一般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)保持不變。例如：He said the earth is round. b. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況;但if作為"是否"意思時，其引導(dǎo)的賓語從句如果表示將來的情況則用一般將來時。When作為"當(dāng)、、時候"，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況，如：When he comes, I will let you know;如果引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，表示"什么時候"，則將來的情況仍然用一般將來時，如：I don't know when he will visit me. c. 一些時間副詞如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于過去時，也可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時。要注意區(qū)分。例如：He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.
    【中考鏈接】
    1.Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?
    We will have it when your dad_________.(2007年連云港)
    A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return
    簡析：A。when在后半句中表示"當(dāng)、、、時候"，狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來情況，根據(jù)后半句應(yīng)該是問時間的，第一空用時間疑問詞when.
    2.Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father?
    I will say "I love you, Daddy" as soon as he _______ up. (2007年南通)
    A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke
    簡析：C。as soon as"一、、就、、"，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句中一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的情況。
    3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. (2007年宿遷)
    A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels
    簡析：D。"光比聲音傳播速度快"是科學(xué)真理，在間接引語中一般現(xiàn)在時保持不變。
    4.Let's go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
    But nobody knows if it_______.(2006年揚州)
    A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain
    簡析：A。前半句中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來;后半句if的意思是"是否"，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，周末下不下雨是未來的事情，用一般將來時。
    5.Is your father a doctor?
    Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. (2006年武漢)
    A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
    簡析：C。一般現(xiàn)在時在此句中表示現(xiàn)在的一種狀態(tài)。即"爸爸現(xiàn)在在這所醫(yī)院工作。"
    【考點2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法考查
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主要有以下用法：1、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。常見的時間狀語：right now, at present, at the moment, now.常見的標(biāo)志性動詞如：look, listen等。例如：Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2、表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。多有一個表示未來時間的狀語。這種情況僅限于少量動詞，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如：--Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.
    注意：表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞如果指現(xiàn)在情況的話，一般不用于進(jìn)行時，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時。這樣的動詞有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(聽起來), taste(嘗起來)等。
    【中考鏈接】
    1.Where's your mother, Helen?
    She________ the flowers in the garden. (2007年鎮(zhèn)江)
    A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
    簡析：C。談話中問媽媽現(xiàn)在在哪兒，可知媽媽正在花園里給花澆水。
    2.Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.(2006年孝感)
    A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come
    簡析：A。"I'm coming"意思是"我就來"?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示最近按安排要進(jìn)行的動作。
    3.Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
    Oh, no. He his clothes.(2006年瀘州)
    A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed
    簡析：A。上半句對方表示要現(xiàn)在邀請Tom踢足球，但另外一個人說不行，顯然，他正在洗衣服現(xiàn)在脫不開身。
    【考點3】一般過去時的用法考查
    一般過去時主要有以下用法：1、表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況(包括習(xí)慣性動作)。常見的時間狀語有：yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具體的過去時間in 1990, in 2006等。例如：She often came to help me when I was in trouble. 2、發(fā)生的時間不是很清楚，但實際上是過去發(fā)生的。例如：How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.
    要注意區(qū)分一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時。一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的事情，側(cè)重結(jié)果;而過去進(jìn)行時只表示過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，而不涉及結(jié)果。例如：He was writing a letter last night.(不知道是否寫完了) / He wrote a letter last night. (結(jié)果寫完了)
    【中考鏈接】
    1. Simon________ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. (2007年鹽城)
    A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt
    簡析：A。burn此處為瞬間動詞，表示"燙著"，"當(dāng)他在做飯的時候，他燙著了手指"，一般過去時在此處表示結(jié)果。
    2.I'm sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago.
    What a pity! (2006年徐州)
    A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves
    簡析：C。根據(jù)"five minutes ago"可知是指過去的事情，且表示的是結(jié)果，用一般過去時。
    3.Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.
    My watch!Thank you. Where____ it?(2006年紹興)
    A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding
    簡析：C。"發(fā)現(xiàn)"的動作為過去的事情，表示過去的結(jié)果，故用一般過去時。
    【考點4】過去進(jìn)行時的用法考查
    過去進(jìn)行時主要有以下用法： 1、談?wù)撨^去的某個時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的事。例如：I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning. 2、當(dāng)過去某一件事情發(fā)生時，另外一個動作正在進(jìn)行。此時，延續(xù)性動詞用過去進(jìn)行時，瞬間動詞用一般過去時。例如：The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 3、可以表示從過去某個時候看來將要發(fā)生的事。例如：When his son arrived, the old man was dying.
    【中考鏈接】
    1.I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.
    Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket.(2007年南通)
    A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing
    簡析：C。根據(jù)對話，可知在對方到他們家時，他們當(dāng)時正在超市購物。
    2.What do you think of the colour of my new dress?
    Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. (2007年揚州)
    A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking
    簡析：D。第二個說話者沒有聽見對方說什么，可知對方說話時，此人正在考慮別的事情。過去進(jìn)行時表示一個動作發(fā)生時，另外一個動作正在進(jìn)行。
    3. I _______my homework while my parents TV last night.(2006年南京)
    A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
    C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
    簡析：B。做作業(yè)和看電視均為延續(xù)性動詞，而且是在過去同時進(jìn)行的兩個動作，所以都用過去進(jìn)行時。
    【考點5】現(xiàn)在完成時的用法考查
    現(xiàn)在完成時主要有以下用法：1、談?wù)撻_始于過去某個時候而且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作。例如：Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. 2、談?wù)撨^去發(fā)生的動作，并且和現(xiàn)在存在聯(lián)系。即過去的某個動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果單純談一個過去的動作，不涉及它對現(xiàn)在的影響時，通常用一般過去時。
    現(xiàn)在完成時常見的時間狀語有：for+一段時間;since+過去的某個時間;so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段時間;(once, twice, )three…times, never, ever, up to now, these days例如：I haven't seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?
    【中考鏈接】
    1.Hello，this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black?
    Sorry.He______ the Xuanwu Lake Park.(2007年南京)
    A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
    簡析：C。說話者此時不在，說明此時已去了玄武湖公園，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示到目前為止還在持續(xù)的動作。has been to表示已去過某個地方，而現(xiàn)在不在那個地方了。
    2.Would you like to see the film with me?
    I'm sorry I __________it twice. (2007年北京)
    A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
    簡析：C。從twice可知說話者已看過這部電影兩次了。表示到目前的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時。
    3. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown.(2007年天津)
    A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
    簡析：A。over/in the last/past +一段時間為現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。
    4.Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?
    No, I won't. I it already. (2006年南京)
    A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
    簡析：B。用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的行為對現(xiàn)在造成影響。不去看電影的原因是因為已經(jīng)看過了。
    【考點6】過去完成時的用法考查
    過去完成時表示過去某個行為或某件事發(fā)生之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況。例如：Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.
    【中考鏈接】
    1.Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?
    No. When I got to school, he_______ already. (2006年揚州)
    A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left
    簡析：D。到達(dá)學(xué)校為過去的動作，在這個行為發(fā)生之前陳老師已離開了。過去完成時表示過去的過去。
    【考點7】將來時的用法考查
    表示將來時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)很多。主要有以下幾類：1、be going to do…表示計劃, 打算做某事，例如：I'm going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根據(jù)目前情況很可能要發(fā)生的事。例如：It's cloudy. It's going to rain. 2、一般現(xiàn)在時，可以用來表示一個按規(guī)定，計劃，安排或時刻表要發(fā)生的情況，一般都有一個表示未來時間的狀語。例如：My cousin finishes school next year. 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。例如：Are you going to the wetlands photo show next week? 4、一般將來時，will/ shall do..，在第一人稱I/ We的句子中，可以用shall引導(dǎo);各種人稱都可以用will表示一般將來時。
    注意：1、時間，條件狀語從句中，從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，而主句要用一般將來時。例如：I will go shopping when I am free. 2、臨時決定要做某事通常用一般將來時。例如：--Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see him. 3、將來時態(tài)常見的時間狀語有：常見的時間狀語：next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight等。
    【中考鏈接】
    1."Ann is in hospital."
    "Yes, I know. I________ her tomorrow." (2007年鹽城)
    A. visit B. used to visit C. will visit D. am going to visit
    簡析：D。從Yes, I know.可知對方事先已知道Ann生病的消息，已有了去看望她的計劃和打算。be going to do表示計劃打算做某事。
    2. Mr. Smith__________ a talk on country music next Monday. (2007年北京)
    A. give B. gave C. has given D. will give
    簡析：D。next Monday為一般將來時的時間狀語。
    3.You've left the light on.
    Oh, sorry._______and turn it off.(2006年泰州)
    A. I've gone B. I'11 go C. I went D. I'm going
    簡析：B。經(jīng)人提醒才知道，應(yīng)為臨時決定要去做某事，用一般將來時。
    4.Joan, you are late! --Sorry, I ______ next time. (2006年浙江)
    A. don't B. won't C. am not D. haven't
    簡析：B。next time是將來的時間狀語。表示以后不會再遲到了，所以應(yīng)用一般將來時。
    動詞時態(tài)自測練習(xí)題(一)
    請用正確的動詞和時態(tài)填入下列各詞：
    1. He __________ back a month ago. (come)
    2. My mother often tells me __________ in bed. (not read)
    3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only __________ it for 24 hours. (保存)
    4. Why have you kept me __________ here for so long a time? (wait)
    5. Please come to our meeting if you __________ free tomorrow. (be)
    6. She __________ to the Great Wall several times. (goes)
    7. In his letter, he said that he __________ us very much. (miss)
    8. The film __________ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be)
    9. He said he became __________ in physics. (interest)
    10. This film is worth __________. (see)
    11. He went to school instead of __________ home. (go)
    12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to __________ a job. (找)
    13. It's cold outside, so you'd better __________ your coat. (穿上)
    14. He is hungry. Please give him something __________. (eat)
    15. Please don't waste time __________ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch)
    16. We found the window __________. (break)
    17. You have dropped your pencil. __________. (拾起來)
    18. Mother often tells me __________ too late. (not come home)
    19. You had better __________ by bus, or you will be late. (go)
    20. I will __________ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告訴)
    21. Great changes __________ in our country since 1978. (take place)
    22. I __________ my daughter since last month. (hear from)
    23. It __________ me two days to write the article. (花費)
    24. Don't touch that __________ child. (sleep)
    25. Every time he tried to start the car, the wheels __________ deepersintosthe mud. (sink)
    26. When I got home, I found that my room __________ breaksintosand a lot of things __________. (steal)
    27. If I had arrived there earlier, I __________ him. (meet)
    28. I didn't remember __________ her the book before. (give)
    29. He called at every door, __________ people the exciting news. (tell)
    30. Yesterday Mary couldn't finish her homework, so she has to go on __________ it this afternoon. (do)
    31. We __________ football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play)
    32. Xiao Lin __________ from here for about two hours. (be away)
    33.swheres__________? Can you find your birth place on the map?
    Sorry, I can't. (be born)
    34. Last night we __________ back home until the teacher left school. (not go)
    35. Comrade Li Dazhao __________ in prison in 1927. (put)
    36.swheresis professor Lee?
    He __________ to the library. He'll come back soon. (go)
    37. We could not help __________ after we heard the story. (laugh)
    38. Would you please __________ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring)
    39. He told me that he __________ the Great Wall the year before. (visit)
    40. I'll tell him the news as soon as he __________ back. (come)
    41. The boy __________ by the door is my brother. (stand)
    42. Do you remember __________ the film last year? (see)
    43. There __________ a physics test next Monday. (be)
    44. __________ I finish my homework in class? (必須)
    No, you needn't.
    45. I'm sorry you've missed the last bus. It __________ ten minutes ago. (leave)
    46. Wei Fang is heard __________ English every morning. (hear)
    47. John stopped __________ a rest (have) because he __________ for three hours. (work)
    48. I'm sorry to have kept you __________. (wait)
    49. A new theatre __________ now. (build)
    50. The boys __________ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play)
    51. I regretted answering like that, I was sorry __________ so. (do)
    52. Can't you see I'm busy __________? (cook)
    53. He __________ worried when comingsintosthe teacher's office. (look)
    54. __________ come beef! (隨便吃點)
    55. It's a great shame for me __________ in front of so many people. (laugh at)
    答案
    1. came
    2. not to read
    3. keep
    4. waiting
    5. are
    6. has been
    7. missed
    8. had been on
    9. interested
    10. seeing
    11. going
    12. find
    13. put on
    14. to eat
    15. watching
    16. broken
    17. Pick it up
    18. not to come home
    19. go
    20. tell
    21. have taken place
    22. have heard from
    23. took
    24. sleeping
    25. sank
    26. had been broken in to / stolen
    27. would have met
    28. giving /shavingsgiven
    29. telling
    30. doing
    31. were playing
    32. has been away
    33. were you born
    34. didn't go
    35. was put
    36. has gone
    37. laughing
    38. bring
    39. had visited
    40. comes
    41. standing
    42. seeing
    43. is going to be
    44. Must
    45. left
    46. to read
    47. to have…h(huán)ad worked
    48. waiting
    49. is being built
    50. playing
    51. to do / to have done
    52. cooking
    53. looked
    54. Help yourself to
    55. to be laughed at
    動詞時態(tài)自測練習(xí)題(二)
    ( )1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
    A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
    ( )2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
    A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
    ( )3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
    A. catch…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs…dances D. catches… dance
    ( )4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.
    A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
    ( )5. -_____ your teacher ____ from them very often? -Certainly.
    A. Do…h(huán)ear B. Does…h(huán)ear C. Do… receive D. receive
    ( )6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
    A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
    ( )7. -_____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? -Yes, he _____.
    A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does C. Does…h(huán)as…h(huán)as D. Does… have…does
    ( )8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
    A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
    ( )9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
    A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes
    ( )10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
    A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't C. doesn't go…goes D. doesn't go…is
    ( )11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
    A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
    ( )12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
    A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
    ( )13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
    A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak
    ( )14. Nobody ______ how to run(操縱) this machine.
    A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
    ( )15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
    A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
    ( )16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
    A. swimming…plaiing B.swiming…playing C.swimming…playing D. swimming…plaing
    ( )17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
    A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing C. play… dancing D. play… dance
    ( )18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
    A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
    ( )19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
    A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
    ( )20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
    A. is writing…is writing B. is writing…writes C. writes…is writing D. writes… writes
    ( )21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.
    A. go…go B. am going… go C. go… am going D. am going…am going
    ( )22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?
    A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't
    ( )23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?
    A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are
    ( )24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.
    A .studied…played B. studied…plaied C.. studied…plaied D. studyed… played
    ( )25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,
    A. stayed…worried B. staied… worried C. stayed…worryed D. staied… worried
    ( )26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.
    A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried C. noticd…cried D. noticed… cryed
    ( )27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.
    A. mopped…cleanned B. moped…cleaned C. mopped…cleaned D. moped…cleaned
    ( )28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
    A. visitd… jumpped B. visite… jumped C. visited… jumped D. visited… jumpped
    ( )29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.
    A. Did they have…did B. Did they have…h(huán)ad C. Had they…h(huán)ad D. Had they…did
    ( )30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
    A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went C. Did… went… did D. Did… go…did
    ( )31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?
    A. Did…went…stopped B. Did…go…stop C. Did…went…stop D. Did… go… stopped
    ( )32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.
    A. did… did B. did… gave C. didn't… did D. didn't… gave
    ( )33. -____ your brother _____ a letter to ? - My father did.
    A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote C. Who did…write D What did… write
    ( )34. They ___ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____ such talks
    A. talked…h(huán)ad B. talk…h(huán)ave C. were talking…h(huán)ad D. are talking…h(huán)ave
    ( )35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so he _____ me.
    A. did…h(huán)eard B. did…didn't hear C. was doing…h(huán)eard D. was doing…didn't hear
    ( )36. " _____ you angry then?" "They______ too much noise.”
    A. Are…were making B. Were…were making C. Are…made D. Were… made
    ( )37. This time yesterday, Jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV. A. repaired…didn't watch
    B. was repairing…watched C. repaired…watched D. was repairing… wasn't watching
    ( )38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
    A. were waiting…waiting B. were waiting…wait C. waited…waiting D. waited… wait
    ( )39. When you ____ at the door, I _____ some washing.
    A. knocked(敲)…did B. was knocking…did C. knocked…was doing D. knock…am doing
    ( )40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.
    A. learned…was opening B. was learning… openedC. learned…opened D. is learning…open
    ( )41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.(come at:襲擊)
    A. walked…was coming B. were walking… came C. were walking…comes D. walk…is coming
    ( )42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .
    A. watched… was doing B. was watching… didC. watched… did D. was watching… was doing
    ( )43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.
    A. did… made B. was doing… made C. was doing… was making D. did… was making
    ( )44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.
    A. was teaching… didn't go B. taught… didn't go C. was teaching… went D. taught… went
    ( )45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.
    A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made
    ( )46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.
    A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing
    ( )47. The teacher_____ us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.
    A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving
    ( )48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.
    A. last Sunday B. next Sunday C. every Sunday D. this Sunday
    ( )49. We ______ a class meeting this November.
    A. had B. have C. will have D. are having
    ( )50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.
    A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
    參考答案
    1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD 16—20 CBDCC 21-25 BDDDA
    26—30 BCBAD 31—35 BCCCD 36—40 BDACB 41-45 BDCAC 46—50 BDDCA
    動詞時態(tài)自測練習(xí)題(三)
    I. 單項填空。
    1.When will you come to see me, Dad?
    I will go to see you when you ________ the training course.
    A. finished B. finish C. are finishing D. will finish
    2.Where's your brother?
    He ________ for France for further studies.
    A. had left B. has left C. 1eft D. will leave
    3. If you _______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he_______ to work on the farm with us.
    A. see; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go
    4.I won't go to bed until the TV play ________ over.
    You'd better not do that.
    A. is B. was C. will D. will be
    5.They________about the coming Olympic Games in Beijing. Let's join them.
    Good idea.
    A.talk B.are talking C.have talked D.talked
    6.Where did you put your bag?
    Oh, I_______ I put it on the chair because the phone rang as I_______ in.
    A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming
    C. remember; come D. remember; was coming
    7.When______ you_______ the e-dictionary?
    Last month.
    A. have; bought B. had; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy
    8.Is that Mr. Lu speaking?
    Sorry, he isn't in. He________abroad on business.
    A. goes B. went C. has gone D. will go
    9.I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station to meet my friend.
    I suppose you________ too fast.
    A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving
    10. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He ________________ in China since ten years ago.
    A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed
    11.Don't turn on my computer while I'm away.
    ________ .
    A. I shouldn't B. I haven't C. I won't D. I don't
    12.What do you do?
    I'm a salesman. I_______ in a company in Nanjing. I like my job a lot.
    A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked
    13.When are you leaving?
    My plane__________ at 10:30.
    A. takes off B. took off C. has taken off D. will take off
    14.Have you ever been to Australia?
    Yes, I_________ there alone three times in 2006.
    A. have been B. have gone C. went D. had gone
    15. He works as a teacher now, but he________ on a farm for three years.
    A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. works
    II. 用括號中單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
    1. The children will climb the hill if it_____________ (not rain) tomorrow.
    2. Mr. King told his students that the sun_________ (go) up in the east.
    3. Haven't I told you I like coffee without sugar?
    Sorry, but I only___________(put) a little.
    4. Don't be noisy. Mum____________(talk) with the guest in the sitting room.
    5.Why didn't you come and open the door for me, dear?
    Oh, sorry, I _______________ (cook) in the kitchen. I didn't hear you.
    6.How can you start playing games so soon, Tom?
    I______________(finish) my homework, Mom.
    7.Do you want to see the film"Harry Potter II"?
    The film "Harry Potter II"? I______(see) it. It's really wonderful.
    8. By the time he arrived at the stop, the 8 o'clock bus_____________(leave). So he had to wait for the next bus.
    9. I wonder if he______________(join) us in the discussion tonight.
    10. When I arrived, he________________(leave). So we only had a few words together..
    參考答案：
    I.1-5BBDAB 6-10DDCDD 11-15CAACA
    II.1. doesn't rain 2. goes 3. put 4. is talking 5. was cooking 6. have finished 7. have seen 8. had left 9. will join 10. was leavin
    ?
    

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