2014考研英語閱讀精析九
    ?　　Unit6 社會文化
    Text3 正文
    A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
    Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.
    Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
    Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law -- and, ultimately, no society.
    My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
    Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!”
    Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.
    The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
    I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
    We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
    Text3 習(xí)題
    1. What the wise man said suggests that ________.
    [A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
    [B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
    [C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil
    [D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
    2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.
    [A] society is to be held responsible
    [B] modern civilization is responsible for it
    [C] the criminal himself should bear the blame
    [D] the standards of living should be improved
    3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.
    [A] less self-discipline
    [B] better sense of discipline
    [C] more mutual respect
    [D] less effective government
    4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.
    [A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
    [B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
    [C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
    [D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
    5. The key point of the passage is that ________.
    [A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
    [B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
    [C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior
    [D] more people should accept the value of accountability
    Text3 全文翻譯
    一位智者曾說過，邪惡的勝利就是善良之人無所作為。所以，所為一名警察，我有一些話急需告訴善良的人們。
    日復(fù)一日，我和我的同事盡力控制犯罪的蔓延。我們曾經(jīng)引以為榮的美國生活方式出現(xiàn)了可怕的問題。這個問題處在我們的價值觀方面。一個關(guān)鍵的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么——責(zé)任感。
    責(zé)任感不難定義。它指的是人人要對其行為負(fù)責(zé)，并承擔(dān)其行為造成的后果。
    責(zé)任感可能是形成文明的眾多觀價值觀 (善良，仁慈等)中最重要的一個。沒有它，就沒有尊重、信任、法律——最終也就沒有社會的存在。
    作為一名警察，我的工作就是把責(zé)任感強行加到那些拒絕承擔(dān)、或自己沒有學(xué)會承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人身上。但正如每一位警察都知道的，對人行為的外部控制遠不如自我約束(如罪惡感，羞恥心和難為情)有效。
    幸運的是，在一些區(qū)域——通常是小城鎮(zhèn)里，學(xué)校還維護紀(jì)律，父母還堅持原則，稱“有些事情在我們家是不能容忍的——你們絕不能去那樣做!”
    但在越來越多的地方，尤其是大城市和郊區(qū)，這些自我約束力日漸松懈。搶劫犯不再是你認(rèn)為的搶劫犯。他認(rèn)為你的財產(chǎn)就是他的財產(chǎn);他拿走他想要的一切，當(dāng)你觸怒他時，他甚至?xí)米吣愕纳?BR>    人們態(tài)度的根本變化造成了局面的完全崩潰。30年前，若有罪行發(fā)生，人們認(rèn)為受害者是社會?，F(xiàn)在，人們的態(tài)度發(fā)生了驚人的變化：最犯被認(rèn)為是受害者——童年飽受貧困折磨，學(xué)校沒有教他讀書，教堂沒有給他以道德上的引導(dǎo)，父母沒有給他提供一個安定的家。
    我不相信這些。同樣不利的環(huán)境中長大的另外一些人為什么沒有選擇去犯罪?不讓罪犯承擔(dān)責(zé)任，甚至降低他們應(yīng)承的責(zé)任，都會讓我們的社會變成一個滿是借口的社會，沒有人愿意為任何事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
    美國急待更多的人相信：應(yīng)該為犯罪行為負(fù)責(zé)的人是罪犯自己。
    Text3 重點句
    A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
    該句意義：
    該句首先引用名言，借用權(quán)威之口，引出了話題，并且結(jié)合作者的身份引出了下文內(nèi)容。我們也可以根據(jù)此句，結(jié)合考研寫作的題目改寫為：
    A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a student, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
    Text3 習(xí)題答案
    答案:BCAAD
    1. What the wise man said suggests that_____.
    1. 智者的話表明_________。
    [A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
    [A] 面對邪惡，好人什么都不必做
    [B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
    [B] 若好人無動于衷，邪惡就會猖獗
    [C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil
    [C] 善自然會戰(zhàn)勝惡
    [D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
    [D] 好人應(yīng)該遠離邪惡
    2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_____________.
    2. 作者認(rèn)為，若有人被發(fā)現(xiàn)有罪，則__________.
    [A] society is to be held responsible
    [A] 社會應(yīng)該對此負(fù)責(zé)
    [B] modern civilization is responsible for it
    [B] 現(xiàn)代文明應(yīng)該對此負(fù)責(zé)
    [C] the criminal himself should bear the blame
    [C] 罪犯本人應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)
    [D] the standards of living should be improved
    [D] 生活水平應(yīng)該提高
    3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have????????________.
    3. 和小城鎮(zhèn)相比，大城市的人________。
    [A] less self-discipline
    [A] 缺少自我約束
    [B] better sense of discipline
    [B] 有更好的自律精神
    [C] more mutual respect
    [C] 更互相尊重
    [D] less effective government
    [D] 缺少一個有效的ZF
    4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that_______.
    4.作者感到遺憾是因為看到_____________。
    [A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
    [A]大城市的人常常為罪犯找借口
    [B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
    [B]小城鎮(zhèn)的人堅守老的紀(jì)律和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
    [C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
    [C]現(xiàn)代社會缺少對于困境中的人的同情
    [D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
    [D]環(huán)境不好的人會進行犯罪活動
    5. The key point of the passage is that______.
    5. 文章主要說明_____________。
    [A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
    [A] 學(xué)校和家庭中應(yīng)該保持更嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律
    [B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
    [B] 應(yīng)該為人們樹立更多學(xué)習(xí)榜樣
    [C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior
    [C] 對人們的行為應(yīng)該加以更多控制
    [D] more people should accept the value of accountability
    [D] 更多人應(yīng)該接受“責(zé)任感”這一價值觀
    Unit6 社會文化
    Text4 正文
    It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a ‘Be Kind to Other Drivers’ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
    Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
    However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.
    A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
    Text4 習(xí)題
    1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.
    [A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog
    [B] the rhythm of modern life
    [C] the behavior of the driver
    [D] traffic conditions
    2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that ________.
    [A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
    [B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally
    [C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog
    [D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
    3. By “good sense,” the writer means ________.
    [A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
    [B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions
    [C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior
    [D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations
    4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.
    [A] road users should make more sacrifice
    [B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other
    [C] drivers should have more communication among themselves
    [D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others
    5. In the writer’s opinion, ________.
    [A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed
    [B] drivers should apply road politeness properly
    [C] rude drivers should be punished
    [D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
    Text4 全文翻譯
    我們可以譴責(zé)交通阻塞、汽油價格、以及現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏，但馬路禮貌確實越來越糟糕。所有的人都知道：即便脾氣最好的人在車?yán)镆矔兂晒肢F。老虎在油箱里還好說，可老虎若坐在駕駛員的位置上就完全是另一回事了。你也許能夠容忍在馬路上橫沖直闖的司機、粗魯且不體諒人的司機，但現(xiàn)今文明駕駛的司機卻實屬罕見。(可能這需要發(fā)起一場“對其他司機友善”的運動，否則，情形會完全失控)。
    馬路文明不僅是一種禮貌行為，還是一種良好的意識。司機需要非常冷靜的頭腦和好脾氣才能在碰到不文明行為時克制住自己不進行報復(fù)。另一方面，些許文明行為十分有助于緩解駕車時的緊張情緒。一個友好的頷首、感謝對方禮貌行為的一個輕輕的揮手有助于形成友好寬容的氛圍，而這在當(dāng)前的交通條件下是非常必要的。但現(xiàn)在，這種對禮貌表示認(rèn)可的行為非常罕見?，F(xiàn)今很多司機即使見到禮貌行為也似乎視若惘然。
    但是，誤用禮貌同樣危險。典型的事例為：司機為了讓過從邊路上突然出現(xiàn)的車而采取急剎車，卻對后面的交通造成了危險。(而若不出現(xiàn)這種情況)，本來只需幾秒鐘的等待，道路就會暢通無阻;或者，有人會為一個穿過斑馬線的孩子讓路，示意其進入行車道，但隨后駛來的車輛卻無法及時停車。同樣，鼓勵老太太隨時隨地橫穿馬路的行為也是如此。我經(jīng)常感到奇怪：高速公路上居然沒有屢屢出現(xiàn)這些老太太被撞死的交通事故。
    一位行為無可挑剔的老司機曾告訴我：在不引起交通阻塞，從而惹怒其他司機的前提下，司機們學(xué)會逐個插入車流有助于緩解交通。但現(xiàn)代的駕駛員甚至不會學(xué)如何駕車，更別說掌握公路駕車技能的微妙之處了。多年前專家就曾警告我們：汽車擁有量的突增要求所有馬路使用者的互諒互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們該把這項警告銘記于心的時候了。
    Text4 重點句
    Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.
    該句意義：
    該句是考研中較為經(jīng)典的復(fù)雜句式，對于其的理解將有助于未來的考研復(fù)習(xí)，并最終提升成。
    該句語法：
    第一個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主句
    主語：examples
    謂語：are
    賓語：the driver or the man
    之所認(rèn)為賓語為兩個名詞的并列，主要是主語的例子的復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該對應(yīng)有著復(fù)數(shù)對象。
    主語前置定語：Typical
    第一賓語the driver后置定語(定語從句)：who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic,
    謂語狀語：, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;
    注意該句中when前添加了“，”以表示其為修飾主句謂語的狀語，而不是就近修飾定語從句或是定語從句中的非謂語動詞的狀語。
    第二個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主句第一賓語the driver定語從句
    主語：who =the driver
    謂語：brakes
    賓語：to allow
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語(1)：a car
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語(2)：to emerge
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語非謂語動詞 to emerge 的邏輯賓語(1)： from a side street
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語非謂語動詞 to emerge 的邏輯賓語(2)： to following
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語非謂語動詞 to emerge 的邏輯賓語(1)的后置定語：at some hazard
    賓語非謂語動詞to allow 的邏輯賓語非謂語動詞 to emerge 的邏輯賓語(2)的邏輯賓語： traffic
    第三個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主句狀語從句
    主語：the road
    謂語：would be
    賓語：clear
    謂語時間狀語：a few seconds later
    謂語讓步狀語：anyway
    第四個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主句第二賓語the man定語從句
    主語：who =the man
    謂語：waves
    第一賓語：a child
    第二賓語：across a zebra
    第二賓語后定語：
    crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles
    第二賓語后定語中vehicles的后置定語：定語從句：
    that may be unable to stop in time.
    第四個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主句第二賓語定語從句中定語從句：
    主語：that=vehicles
    謂語(系動詞)：may be
    賓語(表語)： unable to stop
    表語中非謂語動詞狀語：in time
    Text4 習(xí)題答案
    答案:CDABB
    1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by________.
    1. 根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容，道路問題的主要原因在于_______。
    [A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog
    [A] 人們對于魯莽駕駛員的態(tài)度
    [B] the rhythm of modern life
    [B] 現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏
    [C] the behavior of the driver
    [C] 司機的行為
    [D] traffic conditions
    [D] 交通條件
    2.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog...the rule.”(Para.1) implies that___.
    2. 第一段的句子You might tolerate the odd road-hog… the rule說明________。
    [A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
    [A] 我們的社會對待有禮貌的駕車人有失公平。
    [B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally
    [B] 粗魯?shù)乃緳C很少碰到
    [C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog
    [C] 禮貌的駕車人不能容忍野蠻司機。
    [D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
    [D] 現(xiàn)在不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)。
    3. By “good sense”, the writer means_____.
    3. 作者用“good sense”指________。
    [A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
    [A] 司機理解(他人的行為)并做出合理反應(yīng)的能力
    [B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions
    [B] 司機對于困難且嚴(yán)峻的條件做出的迅速反應(yīng)
    [C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior
    [C] 司機對于粗魯甚至野蠻的行為的容忍
    [D] the driver’s acknowledgment of politeness and regulations
    [D] 司機對于禮貌和規(guī)則的認(rèn)可
    4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, __________.
    4. 專家早就指出：面對汽車擁有者的突增，_____________。
    [A] road users should make more sacrifice
    [A] 馬路使用者應(yīng)該做出更多的犧牲
    [B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other
    [B] 司機應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備彼此讓步
    [C]drivers should have more communication among themselves
    [C] 司機之間應(yīng)該有更多的交流
    [D]drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others
    [D] 司機之間若不互相尊重，他們會遭受巨大損失
    5. In the writer’s opinion, ___________.
    5. 作者認(rèn)為________________。
    [A]strict traffic regulations are badly needed
    [A] 急需嚴(yán)格的交通規(guī)則
    [B]drivers should apply road politeness properly
    [B] 司機應(yīng)該有適當(dāng)?shù)鸟R路禮貌
    [C] rude drivers should be punished
    [C] 野蠻的司機應(yīng)該受到懲罰
    [D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
    [D] 司機應(yīng)該避免交通阻塞
    相關(guān)推薦：2014考研英語詞匯：歷年真題短語匯總
    ? ? ? ? ???2014考研英語閱讀精析匯總??
    ? ? ? ? ? ?考研英語二牛人分享經(jīng)驗
    ? ? ? ? ??2014考研英語天才分享27條備考建議?
    

考研英語真題		考研數(shù)學(xué)真題				政治真題	專業(yè)課真題
英語一真題	英語二真題	數(shù)學(xué)一真題	數(shù)學(xué)二真題	數(shù)學(xué)三真題	數(shù)農(nóng)真題
考研英語答案		考研數(shù)學(xué)答案				政治答案	專業(yè)課答案
英語一答案	英語二答案	數(shù)學(xué)一答案	數(shù)學(xué)二答案	數(shù)學(xué)三答案	數(shù)農(nóng)答案