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    2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(16)
    The honours system looked stained long before this weekend’s leak of David Cameron’s nominations for his resignation awards. Questions about such decorations are age-old: no recent case has matched the scandals of David Lloyd George’s era, when their sale was blatant. But they recur almost every time a list is published.
    一、長難句解析
    1.The honours system looked stained long before this weekend’s leak of David Cameron’s nominations for his resignation awards.
    參考譯文：授勛制度在本周末大衛(wèi)&bull卡梅倫的辭職提名泄漏的很久以前就看起來污點重重。
    2.Questions about such decorations are age-old: no recent case has matched the scandals of David Lloyd George’s era, when their sale was blatant.
    參考譯文：關于這種嘉獎的疑問由來已久：近來沒有任何一例可以超過大衛(wèi)&bull勞埃德&bull喬治時代的丑聞，那時他們公然出售頭銜。
    3.But they recur almost every time a list is published.
    參考譯文：但幾乎每次發(fā)布名單時疑問就會重新出現(xiàn)。
    所以從stained這個單詞我們就能看出文章對于授勛系統(tǒng)的態(tài)度是負面的。
    2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(15)
    These dangers can be mitigated. Requiring minimum turnouts can guard against the tyranny of the few. But the bigger point is that referendums are a worse form of democracy than representative government. The founders of democratic states created parliaments for a reason.
    一、長難句解析
    1. These dangers can be mitigated.
    這些危險可以被緩解。
    2. Requiring minimum turnouts can guard against the tyranny of the few.
    限制最低投票人數可以防范少數的暴政。
    3. But the bigger point is that plebiscites are a worse form of democracy than representative government.
    但更重要的一點是，公投與代議制相比是糟糕的民主形式。
    4. The founders of democratic states created parliaments for a reason.
    民主國家的創(chuàng)始人建立議會是有理由的。
    2021考研英語：語法長難句的表達解析(14)
    Referendum( 全民公投)are supposed to get citizens engaged in politics and make governments responsive. If they worked, Europeans ought to be feeling particularly satisfied with their democracies. For referendums are on the rise. Not counting Switzerland, which has always run lots of them, big plebiscites are three times more common in Europe now than they were in the 1970s. Britain is preparing one on withdrawing from the European Union. Dutch campaigners have just won a referendum against the EU-Ukraine association agreement, and plan to take on EU trade treaties with Canada and America. Italians are to vote on changing their constitution, and Hungarians on the EU’s refugee-sharing scheme.
    參考譯文：全民公投本應讓公民參與政治、讓政府有效響應。如果公投起作用，那么歐洲人現(xiàn)在應該會對自己的民主感到特別滿意。因為全民公投有增多的趨勢。不算總是進行公投的瑞士，歐洲的大型公投是20世紀70年代的三倍多。英國目前正在準備退歐公投。荷蘭的運動人士剛贏得了反對《歐盟與烏克蘭聯(lián)系國協(xié)定》的公投，并計劃反對歐盟與加拿大和美國的貿易條約。意大利人要就改變憲法進行公投，匈牙利人要對歐盟的難民共享方案進行表決。
    這段的前兩句我就讀出了作者哀怨的語氣：
    Referendum( 全民公投)are supposed to get citizens engaged in politics and make governments responsive.
    全民公投應該讓公民參與政治、讓政府有效響應。
    If they worked, Europeans ought to be feeling particularly satisfied with their democracies.
    如果公投起作用，那么歐洲人現(xiàn)在應該會對自己的民主感到特別滿意。
    Ought to 就真的徹底暴露了作者對于全民公投的態(tài)度了!
    作者是持有負面評價的!
    大家來看下一段：
    Despite this direct democracy, Europeans are alienated from politics and furious with their governments. Referendum- mania has not slowed the rise of populist, Eurosceptic parties which attack the establishment as corrupt and out of touch. Plebiscites meant to settle thorny issues instead often aggravate them: after Scotland’s independence referendum failed in 2014, membership of the Scottish National Party quadrupled, suggesting another confrontation is coming.
    Thorny issues: 棘手的問題
    Aggravate:惡化
    Populist:民粹主義的
    參考譯文：盡管有這種直接民主，歐洲人與政治疏離，不滿他們的政府。全民投票的狂熱并沒有減緩指責政府腐敗和脫節(jié)的民粹的、疑歐黨派的崛起。旨在解決棘手問題的公民投票相反往往加重了它們：蘇格蘭獨立公投在2014年失敗后，蘇格蘭民族黨會員翻了兩番，暗示著另一次對峙的來臨。