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        雅思閱讀技巧:詞匯——上下文是關(guān)鍵

        字號(hào):

         下面為大家整理了兩個(gè)雅思閱讀答題方法,分別介紹了該從何處著手來(lái)尋找答案的方法,對(duì)大家提高閱讀的速度和閱讀答題的準(zhǔn)確率都有非常大的幫助。下面大家一起來(lái)看看詳細(xì)內(nèi)容吧。
            A.所有的答案就在你眼前
            雅思與其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試(如GRE)不同,它僅考查語(yǔ)言。這對(duì)于應(yīng)試者意味著什么呢?這表明,雅思考試并不考查你的推理能力。出題者不會(huì)給你提供信息然后讓你基于這些信息得出結(jié)論。相反,他們給你提供信息并問(wèn)你這些信息。基本上,他們都是讓你重復(fù)剛剛給你的信息。答案就在你眼前!
            這一規(guī)律如何應(yīng)用呢?
            雖然有時(shí)你會(huì)被問(wèn)到一篇文章的主題或?yàn)檫@篇文章選一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題,但絕大多數(shù)的問(wèn)題都會(huì)關(guān)注文章中給出的細(xì)節(jié)信息。你要做的僅是把他提供的信息再重復(fù)給他。你不會(huì)被要求基于這些信息得出結(jié)論。以下面的摘錄為例:
            “Research in Britain has shown that“green consumers”continue to flourish as a significantsgroupsamongst shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.”Based upon this passage, you will never be asked a question like:
            “There has been a continued presence of“green consumers”in the British market because of…”
            A. the rise of the Green party.
            B. Concern with global warming
            C. Fear of Mad Cow Disease
            D. Concern with general state of environment
            這些答案都沒(méi)有的文章中出現(xiàn)。所以,雅思考試絕不會(huì)問(wèn)這類問(wèn)題。
            相反,他們會(huì)問(wèn)這樣的問(wèn)題:
            “Politicians may have“misjudged the public mood”because…”
            A. they are pre-occupied with the recession and financial problems.
            B. There is more widespread interest in the environmental agenda than they anticipated.
            C. Consumer spending has increased significantly as a result of“green”pressure.
            D. Shoppers are displeased with government policies on a range of issues.
            正如文中所說(shuō),政治家們認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者不再關(guān)心環(huán)境問(wèn)題是他們錯(cuò)誤判斷了民意。答案顯易見。這就是雅思考試的出題方法。正確答案是“B”。
            對(duì)于此規(guī)律也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些例外,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些。但至少現(xiàn)在我們弄清了自己的任務(wù)。我們的任務(wù)并非掌握或記憶面前的信息,而是了解出題者讓我們尋找的信息是什么。因?yàn)槲覀冎揽梢哉业玫剿械拇鸢?,下面我們要掌握的就是如何尋找了。如果我們的閱讀的同時(shí)就知道要找什么,我們甚至可能在知道問(wèn)題是什么之前就找到答案。
            B.詞匯——上下文是關(guān)鍵
            由于雅思考試非常專業(yè)的特性,必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多讀者不熟悉的詞匯。這一點(diǎn)不必?fù)?dān)心。事實(shí)上,雅思考試出題者看來(lái)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行著意的設(shè)計(jì)使詞匯根本不成為問(wèn)題。一旦我們知道對(duì)付詞匯的一些固定規(guī)律,這些文章就再也不難了。
            當(dāng)然,準(zhǔn)備考試的最佳方法是增加詞匯量。實(shí)現(xiàn)此目的的絕佳方法是泛讀。因?yàn)檠潘嘉恼碌膩?lái)源都與商業(yè)和科學(xué)相關(guān),研讀商業(yè)期刊、報(bào)紙及與具體社會(huì)潮流相關(guān)的文章最為理想。然而我們用于閱讀的時(shí)間有限。掌握所有的英文單詞是不可能的。
            簡(jiǎn)單得多的辦法是應(yīng)用我們對(duì)于詞匯的另一條黃金法則,即上下文是關(guān)鍵。雅思考試的特點(diǎn)之一就是,在實(shí)際操作中,不必掌握應(yīng)用于特定文章中的詞匯。文章本身就會(huì)給出與不熟悉的詞匯相關(guān)的所有必要信息。
            舉關(guān)于port city的一篇文章為例。同樣,大多數(shù)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人可能也不能區(qū)分a port和a harbour。這些詞就可能存在問(wèn)題。那出題者會(huì)怎樣使其簡(jiǎn)單化呢?他們會(huì)在文章中給出明確的定義。“Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept a center of land-sea exchange which requites good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked foreland.”在對(duì)它們提問(wèn)之前,混淆就已經(jīng)澄清了。出題者不會(huì)不對(duì)關(guān)鍵的詞匯作出解釋。不用擔(dān)心。只需仔細(xì)閱讀,在文章中找到這些定義,就沒(méi)有問(wèn)題啦。
            必須承認(rèn),有時(shí)也會(huì)有非常細(xì)致的問(wèn)題問(wèn)到復(fù)雜的詞匯。同樣,出題者也會(huì)手下留情。這類問(wèn)題最好舉例來(lái)說(shuō)明。在以下的片斷中我們讀到:
            “The genetic inheritance a baby receives from its parents at the moment of conception fixes much of its later development, determining characteristics as varied as whether it will have blue eyes or suffer from a life-threatening illness such as cystic fibrosis…In 1986, American researchers identified the genetic defect underlying one type of muscular dystrophy. In 1989, a team of American and Canadian biologists announced that they had found the site of the gene which, when defective, gives rise to cystic fibrosis.”
            如果我們被要求完成下面的句子:
            “The second success of researchsintosgenetic defect was to find the cause of…”
            如上面文章中所說(shuō)的,句中缺失的詞是“cystic fibrosis”。盡管我們可能根本不知道 “cystic fibrosis”是什么,我們也根本不需要知道。需要我們做的只是理解它前后的詞。將它當(dāng)作數(shù)學(xué)題中的x變量即可。知道它與前后文怎樣連接就足夠了。
            出題者絕不會(huì)這樣問(wèn):“Why is cystic fibrosis a genetic defect?”這樣的問(wèn)法就會(huì)要求我們掌握這個(gè)詞。相反,雅思考試是要考查我們聯(lián)系上下文理解事物的能力。一旦我們了解了這一點(diǎn),看到生詞就再也不會(huì)緊張了。
            此法則還有另一種應(yīng)用途徑。出題者有時(shí)可能會(huì)在不是考點(diǎn)的地方使用復(fù)雜的表述甚至或是口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)。要理解全文知道它們的意思仍然很重要。以下文為例:
            “The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it (environmental consumerism) has become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not‘gone off the boil’. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.”
            “gone off the boil”這種表達(dá)只用于英國(guó)。許多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人也不會(huì)了解,應(yīng)試者可能也是同樣。但如前一個(gè)例子一樣,上下文可能幫助我們了解它的意思。
            在密切關(guān)注連接詞及它前后的詞后,我們可以猜測(cè)它的意思。詞組“in fact”就是好線索。例如在此句中,“in fact”讓我們了解到我們所期待的情況并未發(fā)生。相反,出現(xiàn)的是生態(tài)消費(fèi)主義(environmental consumerism—估譯)的增長(zhǎng)。那么,期待發(fā)生的又是什么呢?一定是對(duì)生態(tài)消費(fèi)主義興趣的衰退。不必完全懂得“off the boil”的含義,我們現(xiàn)在也知道它意味著對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題關(guān)注的減退。
            這一方法不僅可應(yīng)用于口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)方法。每當(dāng)我們看到“but”,“however”,“on the other hand”,及“instead”,我們就知道前面論述的內(nèi)容遭到了抵觸或否定。當(dāng)我們看到“as well”,“in addition”,及“moreover”時(shí),后面是支持前面的論述。密切留意句中的選詞。上下文是關(guān)鍵。應(yīng)用此法則,文章就會(huì)變得清晰起來(lái)。
            以上就是這兩個(gè)雅思閱讀答題方法的全部?jī)?nèi)容,非常詳細(xì)的介紹,后面都附有例題做輔助理解。大家在備考自己的雅思閱讀考試的時(shí)候,可以適當(dāng)?shù)膮⒖己徒梃b一下這些方法。