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        托福口語(yǔ)復(fù)議的幾點(diǎn)技巧

        字號(hào):


            1.間接轉(zhuǎn)述(Indirect Speech) 
            口語(yǔ)復(fù)述的實(shí)質(zhì)是將聽(tīng)到的和看到的話(huà)語(yǔ)用自己的話(huà)以口頭方式再轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)出來(lái)。“直接引述”是直接引用說(shuō)話(huà)人的原話(huà),而要用自己的話(huà)把別人的意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)就稱(chēng)為“間接轉(zhuǎn)述”。托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中一般應(yīng)采用“間接轉(zhuǎn)述”的方法:針對(duì)特定問(wèn)題,用自己的話(huà)把讀到、聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容或演講內(nèi)容再重復(fù)出來(lái)。對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō),這當(dāng)然是一個(gè)更高層次的要求。因?yàn)?,首先要?tīng)得懂、讀得懂別人的觀點(diǎn),其次才能在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行加工處理,變?yōu)樽约旱恼Z(yǔ)言再陳述出準(zhǔn)確意思來(lái)。這時(shí)候,“善于把別人的東西據(jù)為己有”就不再是一個(gè)“惡劣的行徑”了。此時(shí)此刻,它將轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)極為有效的、甚至是高效的手段,以此來(lái)達(dá)到“借雞下蛋”的目的。 
            請(qǐng)看下面幾例: 
            例1:My mother said: “I'm so tired that I don't want to cook. Shall we eat out tonight?” 
            →My mother said that she was so tired that she didn't want to cook and she suggested that we should eat out that day. 
            例2:Tom said: “I've already seen the film.” 
            →Tom said that he had already seen the film. 
            間接轉(zhuǎn)述應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)規(guī)則: 
            ⑴ 在轉(zhuǎn)述的引語(yǔ)前一般要用連詞that:(如例1、例2所示); 
            ⑵ 要根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)(如例4所示); 
            ⑶ 當(dāng)要轉(zhuǎn)述的言語(yǔ)為連貫的話(huà)語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用go on(繼續(xù)),continue(接著),add(補(bǔ)充)等,以及各種引述動(dòng)詞,如:note(指明),remark(談及) 
            ⑷ 間接轉(zhuǎn)述不是重復(fù)原話(huà),因此,時(shí)態(tài)要有所變動(dòng)。一般來(lái)講,現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。指示代詞、地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也要作必要改動(dòng)。這種改動(dòng)大致可參照下表進(jìn)行。
            

              

            在直接引語(yǔ)中
            

            在間接引語(yǔ)中
            

            指示代詞
            
        this (place)
             these (places)
        that (place)
             those (places)

             時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
            
        now
             today, tonight
             this week (month, etc.)
             yesterday
             last week (month, etc.)
             two days (a year, etc. ) ago
             tomorrow
             next week (month, etc.)
        then
             that day, that night
             that week (month, etc.)
             the day before, the previous day
             the week (month, etc.) before
             two days (a year, etc.) before (earlier)
             the next (following) day
             the next (following) week (month, etc.)

            表地點(diǎn)的詞
            
        here there

            動(dòng)詞
            
        come, bring go, take
         
            2.釋義、意譯(Paraphrasing) 
            Paraphrase (to express in a shorter or clearer way what someone has written or said) 就是用你所知道的,或者對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)較容易的詞匯、短語(yǔ)、以及語(yǔ)法去解釋那些較為難懂的語(yǔ)句。 
            3.概述(Summarizing) 
            Summarize (to make a short statement giving only the main information and not the details of a plan, event, report, etc.) 就是用簡(jiǎn)練話(huà)語(yǔ)概括描述一篇材料的中心思想。 
            新托??谡Z(yǔ)考試的聽(tīng)、讀材料都不長(zhǎng),三言?xún)烧Z(yǔ)即可概括全文的中心意思,沒(méi)必要長(zhǎng)篇大論。當(dāng)然,時(shí)間也不允許這樣做。所以,高度概括的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力是順利通過(guò)托??谡Z(yǔ)考試的法寶之一。