為了幫助考生們更好地備考托福閱讀考試，出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福欄目為大家?guī)?ldquo;怎么解答托福閱讀插入句子題”，希望對大家有所幫助哦!
    這種題長這樣：
    Paragraph 8: Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. █But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. █It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. █The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away. █
    13. Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
    What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?
    Where would the sentence best fit?
    怎么做插入句子題?
    題目給出的句子(后文直接稱之為“插入句”)能被放入其中一個位置的原因，就是這個句子與正確位置的前后文存在著某種語義上的聯(lián)系。在閱讀原文之前，若能根據(jù)一些信息詞找出這種聯(lián)系，并且推測前后文的信息，則我們在找答案的時候就會更準(zhǔn)確。
    做插入句子題時的步驟應(yīng)該是醬紫的：
    1)仔細(xì)閱讀插入句，準(zhǔn)確理解句意
    2)根據(jù)句內(nèi)信息詞，推斷插入位置前或后可能出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容
    3)尋找復(fù)合推測的位置
    4)將句子放入，講插入句及前后兩句話連起來通讀一遍，檢驗(yàn)是否流暢邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語意流暢
    3. 信息詞是啥?如何根據(jù)這類詞推測?
    插入句子題中出現(xiàn)的信息詞分兩類：1. 代詞;2. 邏輯詞
    1)指代詞
    這里的指代詞指的是：1. 代詞;2. 定冠詞the+名詞所組成詞。
    代詞(Pronoun)是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。the+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，在文中有時會起指代前文的作用。大部分出現(xiàn)指代詞的插入句子題非常簡單。
    當(dāng)題目的句子中出現(xiàn)指代詞，插入位置前面必然會提到其指代的內(nèi)容。這個時候，若我們能根據(jù)代詞的種類、指代詞的詞義和插入句的句意推斷出指代的具體內(nèi)容，那么只需要將插入句放入出現(xiàn)該內(nèi)容的句子之后的位置，即可滿足指代關(guān)系，得到答案
    # 情況1
    如果四個位置中，只有一個位置前面出現(xiàn)句中指代詞的指代對象，則這個位置就是我們的正確答案。
    例題如下：
    At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. █ The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. █ In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. █ Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. █ The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.
    This massive population began a century earlier as a mere twelve pairs of imported rabbits that reproduced quickly and developed into a major problem.
    句中出現(xiàn)代詞“this massive population”，這巨大的群體數(shù)量來自于“twelve pairs of imported rabbits”，則插入位置前面必然提到巨大的兔群數(shù)量。
    只有第一個位置前面的句子提到“hundreds of millions of European rabbits”，可以構(gòu)成指代的對象。所以A就是妥妥的正確答案。
    # 情況2(較少出現(xiàn))
    如果四個位置中有多個位置的前面存在著“可能成為”指代詞的指代對象的信息，那么往往只有其中一個內(nèi)容能夠符合指代詞的“特性”。
    例題如下：
    While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. █ All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. █ However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. █ In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success. █
    During this period, Sweden had the highest rate of growth of output per capita of any country in Europe, and Denmark was second.
    句中出現(xiàn)代詞“this period”，插入位置前面必然提到某一個時期。同時，我們還要注意，句子還提到，這個時期里Sweden和Denmark經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展特別好。
    原文前三個位置之前的句子都提到了時期，分別是18世紀(jì)、19世紀(jì)上半葉和19世紀(jì)下半葉。然而前兩句話所說的時期中，Sweden和Denmark都是處在落后的位置。而第三句話however轉(zhuǎn)折之后的信息提到，19世紀(jì)下半葉，尤其是最后二三十年，它們(指的是Netherlands、Denmark、Norway和Sweden)發(fā)展特別快。也就是說，19世紀(jì)下半葉才是插入句中this period指代的內(nèi)容，前兩個時期都不能復(fù)合指代內(nèi)容的特性。所以C是正確答案。
    # 情況3
    有些插入句由于代詞性質(zhì)比較特殊，又或?qū)τ诖~的描述信息較少，故無法直接準(zhǔn)確的推測出代詞所指的內(nèi)容，只能得到一個大概的方向。此時需要結(jié)合原文句意，逐個位置確認(rèn)和排除。
    例題如下：
    The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. █Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. █The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. █Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.█
    For this reason, the total amount of plant material in a desert is often 100 times less than the amount of plant material in an equivalent area of temperate forest.
    句中出現(xiàn)“for this reason”，前文所提到的信息導(dǎo)致“相同面積下，desert中的the total amount of plant material比temperate forest中的the total amount of plant material低100倍”。此時并不能直接得出this reason所指信息具體內(nèi)容，但可知，該reason為插入句的原因，正確位置必然能滿足這個因果關(guān)系。