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托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析
Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.
句子分析:
本句的主句應(yīng)該是Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support from the fact…,然后that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明前面的the fact。最后suggesting that...是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),也引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,這里意思是“表明……”。
句子翻譯:
美洲西海岸地區(qū)最多樣的原住民語(yǔ)言的存在表明了這個(gè)地區(qū)是美洲定居時(shí)間最早的,這一事實(shí)給弗萊德馬克的假設(shè)提供了進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)支持。
解題:
本句句簡(jiǎn)題的答案應(yīng)該是C. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis.(在西海岸美洲原住民語(yǔ)言的最大多樣性強(qiáng)化了弗萊德馬克的假設(shè)。)你選對(duì)了嗎?
The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.
句子分析:本句主要是在做解釋?zhuān)@個(gè)解釋是通過(guò)is之后that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句來(lái)展開(kāi)。在這個(gè)從句中有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列出現(xiàn),分別是:excavated, modified, plugged up,這些動(dòng)作的實(shí)施都是為了in order to后面表達(dá)的目的,即create reservoirs,最后which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的名詞reservoirs。
句子翻譯:有一種解釋是瑪雅人挖掘或者改造自然的低地,然后通過(guò)在低地底部涂上灰泥來(lái)堵住喀斯特地貌所造成的漏水地方,這樣做可以建立水庫(kù),而這些水庫(kù)可以收集來(lái)自抹了灰泥的大型集水盆地的雨水并儲(chǔ)存起來(lái),以備旱季所用。
解題思路:這句話(huà)句簡(jiǎn)題的正確答案應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)A. Southern Maya populations obtained the water they needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions. (瑪雅南部地區(qū)的居民通過(guò)堵住縫隙的低地來(lái)收集和儲(chǔ)存雨水,以備旱季之用。)我們來(lái)看看其他幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤答案的原因:選項(xiàng)B. The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. 其中的modifying natural rainwater是原句所沒(méi)有提到的;選項(xiàng)C. Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season. 其中l(wèi)eaks in the karst這個(gè)問(wèn)題在原句中已經(jīng)通過(guò)涂上灰泥得到了解決,所以不存在困難;選項(xiàng)D. Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain than storing it during dry seasons. 其中more successful的比較在原句中沒(méi)有提到。
單詞復(fù)習(xí)
depression本意是“沮喪;蕭條”,在這里表示“低地”。
excavate depressions指的是“挖掘低地”。
modify本意是“修改”,在這里說(shuō)的是“改造自然的低地”。
plug up leaks指的是“堵住漏水的地方”。
karst是大家所熟悉的一種地貌,叫“喀斯特地貌”,具有溶蝕力的水對(duì)可溶性巖石(大多為石灰?guī)r)進(jìn)行溶蝕等作用所形成的地貌。
catchment basins指的是“集水盆地”。
plaster作名詞,表示“石膏“,作動(dòng)詞,表示”涂以灰泥” ,
比如:His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他骨折的腿被打上了石膏。
語(yǔ)法小知識(shí)
何謂表語(yǔ)從句?
-名詞性從句在be動(dòng)詞后作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的表語(yǔ)從句有that所引導(dǎo)或wh-疑問(wèn)詞所引導(dǎo)。
比如:One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature. 居住在鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是人能夠親近自然。
The problem is where we can get the things we need. 問(wèn)題是我們從哪里弄到我們需要的東西。
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