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    GRE時(shí)政雙語(yǔ)閱讀土耳其敘利亞徹底翻臉
    Turkey and Syria——Bad blood bubbles
    土耳其和敘利亞：惡戰(zhàn)到底
    Relations between the two neighbours are gettingworse than ever
    兩鄰國(guó)之間的關(guān)系到達(dá)歷史冰點(diǎn)
    After a series of mortar bombs fired from Syria landed in the south-eastern Turkish town ofAkcakale, killing five people on October 3rd, Turkey’s government ordered its forces to fire onSyrian military targets. The Turkish shelling, which continued into Thursday, reportedly killedseveral Syrian soldiers, raising the spectre of a tit-for-tat that could get out of hand. Turkeyhas repeatedly called on the UN to impose a buffer zone in Syria to protect civilians and, byimplication, to give rebels trying to overthrow the Syrian regime of Bashar Assad a haven.This latest escalation of hostilities between the two neighbours makes the prospect of a widerintervention a notch likelier. But as The Economist went to press, both sides seemed loth tolet the spat slide into a bigger punch-up straight away.
    10月3日，當(dāng)敘利亞炮彈對(duì)準(zhǔn)土耳其東南部小鎮(zhèn)Akcakale進(jìn)行一系列炮轟并殺害了其5名國(guó)民后，土耳其政府對(duì)部隊(duì)下達(dá)命令以敘利亞為軍事目標(biāo)進(jìn)行打擊。炮火一直持續(xù)到周四，據(jù)報(bào)道一些敘利亞士兵在此次炮擊中喪生，而兩國(guó)這種針?shù)h相對(duì)的形式有可能失控。土耳其一再呼吁聯(lián)合國(guó)在敘利亞建立一個(gè)免戰(zhàn)區(qū)來(lái)保護(hù)平民,言下之意,就是給試圖推翻阿薩德的敘利亞政權(quán)的叛軍分子一個(gè)避風(fēng)港。而近期，兩國(guó)之間不斷升級(jí)的敵對(duì)事件，使得國(guó)外干預(yù)的可能性更高。就在《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》付梓之際，雙方似乎都不愿意引起更大規(guī)模的紛爭(zhēng)之中。
    After the Syrian attack, Turkey’s mildly Islamist prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan,convened his top generals for emergency talks, while Ahmet Davutoglu, his foreign minister,called on the heads of NATO and the UN, among others, to back Turkey’s appeals for a bufferzone in S yria. In Akcakale residents chanting slogans took to the streets to protest. The townhas been prey to stray bullets from Syria in the past fortnight, as clashes intensified betweenrebels and troops loyal to Mr Assad.
    在敘利亞的襲擊之后，土耳其外交部長(zhǎng)呼吁北約和聯(lián)合國(guó)的首腦，支持其在敘利亞建立一個(gè)安全區(qū)，與此同時(shí)，土耳其溫和的伊斯蘭總理雷杰普·塔伊普·埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)立即召集了高級(jí)軍官進(jìn)行了緊急會(huì)議。但是Akcakale小鎮(zhèn)的居民上街喊著口號(hào)表示抗議。在過(guò)去的兩周里，隨著忠于敘利亞總統(tǒng)阿薩德和叛軍之間矛盾的加劇，小鎮(zhèn)猶如獵物般深陷流彈的囹圄。
    Despite Turkey’s retaliatory strikes, which many Turks hope are a face-saving ploy rather thana prelude to war, it remained unclear whether the Syrian shells had been fired deliberately.Some Turks even speculated that the rebels’ Free Syrian Army, which Turkey has been helpingby providing it with bases and probably arms and training, may have orchestrated the attack ina bid to lure Turkey into the conflict.
    盡管土耳其進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)性打擊，而土耳其居民們希望這僅僅只是表面功夫而非戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前奏，但是到現(xiàn)在為止，仍不能確認(rèn)敘利亞的炮擊是否屬于故意行為。一些土耳其公民甚至推測(cè)是那些敘利亞叛軍的所做作為(土耳其一直通過(guò)提供與基地和武器和訓(xùn)練幫助他們)，這起襲擊也許是精心策劃的，以將土耳其引入沖突。
    A military confrontation between Turkey and Syria has been mooted ever since Syria downeda Turkish air force reconnaissance jet on June 22nd near the Syrian port city of Latakia.Turkey growled about possible retaliation, massing its troops along the border and declaringthat it had revised its rules of engagement with Syria.
    早在今年6月22日敘利亞在其港口城市拉塔基亞擊落一架土耳其空軍偵察起，兩國(guó)之間的軍事對(duì)峙就開(kāi)始了。土耳其憤怒宣稱(chēng)將會(huì)進(jìn)行可能的報(bào)復(fù)，沿著邊境集結(jié)軍隊(duì),并單方面對(duì)外稱(chēng),已修改與敘利亞的交戰(zhàn)規(guī)則。
    Syria is now Mr Erdogan’s biggest headache, with opinion polls suggesting that most Turks areunhappy with his government’s so far fruitless attempts to change the regime in Damascus.The slaughter of Syrian civilians continues unabated. About 80,000 of them, at last count, hadsought refuge in Turkey.
    然而現(xiàn)在敘利亞仍然是Erdogan總理最頭疼的問(wèn)題，而民意調(diào)查顯示眾多的土耳其人對(duì)當(dāng)局政府在大馬士革政權(quán)更替問(wèn)題到目前為止的都沒(méi)有任何結(jié)果表示了不滿(mǎn)。敘利亞對(duì)平民的屠殺一直在持續(xù)進(jìn)行著。在最近的一次統(tǒng)計(jì)中,約有80000在土耳其尋求庇護(hù)。
    Mr Erdogan’s support for Syria’s rebels has complicated and soured Turkey’s other relations inthe region, particularly with Iran, Syria’s main local ally. Iraq’s prime minister, Nuri al-Maliki, aShia, has also turned against Mr Erdogan for coddling his Sunni rivals. Meanwhile, Mr Assad hasresumed the backing his father Hafez, who was president before him, used to give to theKurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) in Turkey, ceding control of a string of towns along theTurkish border to the PKK’s allies in the Democratic Union Party, a group of Syrian Kurdsbetter known as the PYD. Turkey’s enthusiasm for a buffer zone may well be boosted as muchby its fear of these newly emboldened Kurds as by its concern for Syria’s beleaguered people.
    Erdogan總理因?yàn)橹С謹(jǐn)⒗麃喎磳?duì)派使得土耳其與鄰國(guó)的關(guān)系變得更加惡劣，這其中尤其是敘利亞的盟友伊朗。伊拉克總理努里·馬利基(Nuri al-Maliki)是位什葉派,也因?yàn)橥炼淇偫肀硹壦D(zhuǎn)而支持遜尼派對(duì)手而與其決裂。在此之前，阿薩德總統(tǒng)的父親，前敘利亞總統(tǒng)哈菲茲(Hafez)一直支持土耳其的庫(kù)爾德工人黨(PKK)。而今，阿薩德總統(tǒng)也開(kāi)始支持該黨，并將土耳其邊境一系列小鎮(zhèn)的掌控權(quán)交由PKK在民主聯(lián)盟黨(Democratic Union Party)內(nèi)的盟友。民主聯(lián)盟黨是有敘利亞庫(kù)爾德人所組成，又稱(chēng)PYD。土耳其對(duì)受慫恿的庫(kù)爾德人的恐懼和對(duì)陷入困境的敘利亞人的擔(dān)憂(yōu)使得加強(qiáng)了其對(duì)緩沖區(qū)的熱情大大增加。
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