Test Thirty-Five
近義詞辨析
prohibit, forbid, ban
這三個(gè)詞皆為及物動(dòng)詞,表示“禁止”。
prohibit
意為“(通過法律、法令、公告、嚴(yán)正警告)禁止某些事情”,該詞應(yīng)用范圍比其他兩個(gè)詞廣,其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為prohibit sb. from doing sth.。
forbid
意為“禁止”,是這三個(gè)詞中最普通的詞。如果我們指一般意義上的“禁止某人做某事”,就要用forbid sb. to do sth.。
ban
意為“禁止”,在這三個(gè)詞中語氣最強(qiáng),指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)“正式禁止”,這種禁止可以是正面的,也可以是反面的。ban只以物作賓語,而不能以人作賓語。
The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.法律禁止煙草商賣給兒童香煙。
She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer.嚴(yán)禁她喝啤酒。
Bicycles are banned from the new motorway.自行車禁止通行于新建的快車道。
foretell, foresee, forecast, predict?
這組詞均含有“預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)”的意思。
foretell
意為“預(yù)言,預(yù)料”,著重宣布未來的事,而不表明所預(yù)言的事情是否正確。
foresee
強(qiáng)調(diào)“預(yù)見,預(yù)知”,與foretell基本同義。
forecast
強(qiáng)調(diào)“預(yù)報(bào)”,指通過分析一些相關(guān)的信息、數(shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測(cè)。
predict
常指根據(jù)已知的事實(shí)或自然規(guī)律推斷出未來的事情,可用于各種不同的場(chǎng)合。predict所作的預(yù)言有一定的科學(xué)性。
The Gypsy foretold that the boy would become a king.那個(gè)吉普賽人預(yù)言這個(gè)男孩將會(huì)成為國王。
The difficulties could not have been foreseen.這些困難是無法預(yù)料的。
Who can forecast what the outcome of election will be?誰能預(yù)測(cè)出選舉結(jié)果?
Economists are predicting a fall in interest rate.經(jīng)濟(jì)專家預(yù)言利率會(huì)下降。
全真模擬試題
1. As, after his death, he defeated the forces of injustice, ?____?the position in art that had been kept from him during his life.
A. so did he gain B. so he gained
C. and he gained D. and gained
2. He thought he had lost his ?____? for good. However, he found his pillow already taken by the dog when he entered the room.
A. beautiful yellow little dog
B. yellow beautiful little dog
C. little yellow beautiful dog
D. beautiful little yellow dog
3. In 1900, the place where he had been buried was finally discovered, marked only by ?____?, with even a simple stone.
A. the 61 number B. the number 61st
C. the number 61 D. a 61-number
4. More than a yearlater he arrived back in America ?____?.
A. ill, tired and unhappy
B. with ill, tired and unhappy
C. felt ill, tired and unhappy
D. he felt ill, tired and unhappy
5. She possessed a quick mind, a sharp tongue and ?____?a strong will.
A. above all B. first of all C. most of all D. moreover
6. “You know so much about literature. It’s a pity you failed your degree,” Harry said, “You ?____? a good teacher.”
A. would have been B. can have been
C. must be D. should have been
7. ?____? scientists thought the Red Planet was as lifeless as the Moon with dust swirling over vast sandy deserts.
A. To begin with B. Beginning with
C. It was begun with D. While beginning with
8. The girl always says to her boyfriend, “I do wish you?____?so much.”
A. haven’t smoked B. aren’t smoking
C. didn’t smoke D. don’t smoke
9. Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ?____? a substance which they believe can remedy the common cold — Vitamin C.
A. have taken B. have been taking
C. have been taken D. have being taken
10.?____? can make an immense contribution to the creation of peace and plenty in the world by taking care to understand other nations.
A. I and you and all the ordinary people
B. You and I and all the ordinary people
C. You and all the ordinary people and me
D. All the ordinary people and you and me
11. If you start as a junior bank clerk, you will have ?____?responsibilities connected with the handling of cheques.
A.minor B. less C. small D. little
12. The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets, but also up and down stairs , as many ?____? offlats have no lifts and no downstairs letter boxes.
A. flights B. rows C. blocks D. storeys
13. My father was a dentist in the little town all his life,and it was always taken for granted that I would take over his ?____? when he retired.
A. practice B. job C. work D. post
14. The same can be said of factory farms, where animals are kept under very ?____? conditions.
A. similar B. likely C. close D. like
15. There is so much terrorism that people are crying out and asking for more law and ?____?.
A. security B. order C. safety D. protection
16. Color?blind people have difficulty ?____? between blue and green.
A. separating B. comparing
C. contrasting D. distinguishing
17. He felt ?____? as soon as he realized that he has asked a foolish question.
A. bored B. embarrassed
C. displeased D.disappointed
18. The city was ?____? to me, and I did not know where to go.
A. strange B. odd C. unique D. curious
19. I’m in no ?____? this evening to listen to his silly jokes.
A. feeling B. emotion C. mood D. tendency
20. The first,second and third prizes went to Bob,Jack and Henry ?____?.
A. differently B. separately C. respectively D.equally
21. These goods do not come up to the ?____?.
A. mark B. sign C. token D. signal
22. We express our thoughts by ?____? of words.
A. method B. way C. manner D. means
23. I hope you will be ?____? in future about the things you say.
A. careful B. attentive C. cautious D. precautious
24. Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be ?____? into giving away vital information.
A. caught B. captured C. seized D. trapped
25. When operating a machine, we must use ?____?.
A. warning B. caution C. advice D. counsel
試題答案與解析
1. A)【句意】就像他死后戰(zhàn)勝了非正義力量一樣,他在遠(yuǎn)離他一生的藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域也取得了一席之地。
【難點(diǎn)】“As +句子,so +句子”這一結(jié)構(gòu)意為“象…一樣,…也…”。本句中so引導(dǎo)倒裝。
2. D)【句意】他以為他永遠(yuǎn)失去了他那漂亮的小黃狗,可當(dāng)他走進(jìn)房間的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)枕頭被小狗叼走了。
【難點(diǎn)】這是一個(gè)形容詞作層迭修飾的問題。請(qǐng)參閱Test 7的“疑難攻破”。
3. C)【句意】1900年,他的埋葬地終于被發(fā)現(xiàn),墓碑十分簡單,上面只標(biāo)刻著數(shù)字61。
【難點(diǎn)】61是個(gè)數(shù)字,并特指那個(gè)數(shù)字,所以用the number 61。
4. A)【句意】一年多以后,他回到了美國,又病又累,情緒低落。
【難點(diǎn)】ill ,tired and unhappy 作主語的補(bǔ)足語,說明主語的狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)。
5. A)【句意】她有副反應(yīng)敏捷的大腦,一張利嘴,最重要的是,她有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。
【難點(diǎn)】above all 意為“最重要的是”;first of all 意為“首先”;most of all 不是固定搭配;moreover 意為“而且”。
6. A)【句意】“約翰,你的文學(xué)知識(shí)很豐富,沒拿到學(xué)位可真遺憾。”哈利說。“你本會(huì)成為一個(gè)好老師。”
【難點(diǎn)】failed your degree 是過去發(fā)生的行為,該句暗含這樣一層意義:If you hadn’t failed your degree you would have been a good teacher.
7. A)【句意】一開始,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為紅行星就像月亮一樣毫無生機(jī),上面有塵土飛揚(yáng)的沙漠。
【難點(diǎn)】to begin with 是習(xí)語搭配,意為“首先,一開始”。
8. C)【句意】這個(gè)女孩總跟男朋友說:“我真希望你不抽那么多煙。”
【難點(diǎn)】wish 后的that從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣,由于那個(gè)男朋友smoke是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為,所以選didn’t smoke ,才符合語法要求。
9. B)【句意】1970年以來,數(shù)百萬熱心者一直在服用一種他們認(rèn)為能治感冒的物質(zhì)——維生素C。
【難點(diǎn)】與since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語相呼應(yīng),主句動(dòng)詞使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
10. B)【句意】如果用心去理解其它民族,你和我,以及所有的普通人就能夠?yàn)槭澜绾推胶桶l(fā)展作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
【難點(diǎn)】選項(xiàng)B)是四項(xiàng)中惟一符合英語語言習(xí)俗的詞序。
11. A)【句意】如果你一開始只作銀行初級(jí)職員,你在處理支票方面的責(zé)任就不大。
【難點(diǎn)】minor 意為“不重要的,次要的”; less意為“較少的”,是比較級(jí);small意為“小的,小規(guī)模的”,不能修飾responsibility ;little 意為“渺小的,微不足道的,細(xì)小的”。
12. C)【句意】這位城市郵差不得不步行,不僅僅沿著大街,而且還要上下樓梯,因?yàn)樵S多棟樓既無電梯也無樓下信箱。
【難點(diǎn)】block 意為“一棟樓;街區(qū)”;flight意為“樓梯的一段,飛行”;row 意為“一行,一排,一列”;storey 意為“樓層”。
13. A)【句意】我父親在小鎮(zhèn)里當(dāng)了一輩子牙醫(yī),人們認(rèn)為我會(huì)在他退休后理所當(dāng)然地接他的班。
【難點(diǎn)】practice 意為“(醫(yī)生或律師等的)業(yè)務(wù),開業(yè)”;job 意為“(一件)工作,活兒,零活”;post 意為“職務(wù),職位”;work意為“工作”,是長期穩(wěn)定的工作或勞動(dòng)。
14. A)【句意】工廠的農(nóng)場(chǎng)也一樣,動(dòng)物們被放養(yǎng)在相同的條件下。
【難點(diǎn)】similar 意為“相像的,相仿的,類似的”;likely 意為“可能的”;close 意為“接近的,近的”;like 意為“相像的,相似的”,但少用。
15. B)【句意】恐怖主義如此嚴(yán)重,人們都在大聲疾呼制定更多的法律以帶來良好的社會(huì)秩序。
【難點(diǎn)】order 意為“治安,秩序,順序”;security 意為“平安,安全感”,相對(duì)于受犯罪行為或外來入侵的威脅而言;safety意為“安全,平安”,相對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)而言;protection 意為“保護(hù),防護(hù)”。
16. D)【句意】色盲的人很難區(qū)分藍(lán)色和綠色。
【難點(diǎn)】distinguish 意為“區(qū)分,辨別,分清”,后常接between 和among; separate 意為“使…分開,分離”,后常接from;compare 意為“對(duì)比,對(duì)照”,指對(duì)比相同點(diǎn),后接with 或to ;contrast意為“使形成對(duì)照”,對(duì)比不同點(diǎn)。
17. B)【句意】當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己問了一個(gè)十分愚蠢的問題的時(shí)候,他感到十分尷尬。
【難點(diǎn)】embarrassed意為“窘迫的,局促不安的”;bored 意為“無聊的,厭煩的”;displeased 意為“不高興的,不愉快的”;disappointed 意為“失望的,沮喪的”。
18. A)【句意】這個(gè)城市對(duì)我來說是陌生的,我不知道該去哪里。
【難點(diǎn)】strange意為“生疏的,奇怪的”;odd意為“奇特的,古怪的”;unique意為“獨(dú)一無二的”;curious意為“好奇的,有好奇心的”。strange,odd 和unique 辨析:strange 詞義最廣,指非一般的,不平常的,費(fèi)解的或與預(yù)期不同的,還強(qiáng)調(diào)陌生,不熟悉的。odd 強(qiáng)調(diào)有異于正常,表示不標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不正規(guī),不符合規(guī)律等,暗示這種奇異令人困惑不解。unique 可指在某一方面不同尋常,特別,有較強(qiáng)的獨(dú)一無二的意思。
19. C)【句意】我今晚沒情緒聽他那愚蠢的笑話。
【難點(diǎn)】mood 意為“情緒”,be in no mood (to do )意為“全然不想做某事”;feeling意為“情感”;emotion意為“激情,感情”;tendency意為“傾向,趨向”。feeling和emotion辨析:feeling 指人的感覺,如快樂,悲哀,痛苦,欽佩等情感,它本身不反映感情的強(qiáng)弱。emotion指由于受到某種刺激而產(chǎn)生的喜、怒、哀、樂等情感。
20. C)【句意】鮑勃,杰克和享利分別獲得一、二、三等獎(jiǎng)。
【難點(diǎn)】respectively 意為“各自地,分別地”;differently 意為“以不同方式”;separately 意為“各自地,個(gè)別地”;equally 意為“相等地,平等地”。
21. A)【句意】這些貨物與商標(biāo)不符。
【難點(diǎn)】mark 意為“商標(biāo),標(biāo)簽”;sign 意為“牌,招牌,標(biāo)牌”;token意為“憑證,紀(jì)念品”;signal意為“暗號(hào),信號(hào)”。
22. D)【句意】我們借助于詞匯表達(dá)思想。
【難點(diǎn)】by means of 意為“借助于;用;依靠”。method, way, manner 都有“方法,方式,辦法”之意,但彼此間略有不同。method 指精心擬定的一組方法,強(qiáng)調(diào)詳細(xì),步驟分明。way 即可指單一的技巧,也可指復(fù)雜的操作方法,還可指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法。manner常指一種獨(dú)特的做事方法。
23. A)【句意】我希望你以后說話注意點(diǎn)。
【難點(diǎn)】careful 意為“小心的,注意的”,后接with 或about; attentive意為“注意的,專心的”;cautious意為“慎重的,謹(jǐn)慎的”,為貶義詞;precautious意為“戒備的”。
24. D)【句意】答題前要三思,你也許會(huì)上當(dāng)從而泄露重要信息。
【難點(diǎn)】trap sb into doing sth 意為“使某人陷入圈套;使陷于困境”。catch意為“捉住,捕獲,逮住”;capture 意為“俘虜;捕獲”;seize意為“抓住”。
catch和 capture 辨析:
catch 指需要積極追尋,或采取一定的方法來抓住。
capture 指需要采取一定的計(jì)謀,技巧甚至武力,克服抵抗才能抓到或奪到。
25. B)【句意】操縱機(jī)器時(shí),我們必須閱讀警告牌。
【難點(diǎn)】caution 意為“警惕,警告,告誡”;warning亦為“警告,告誡”;advice 意為“建議,勸告”;counsel 亦為“勸告,忠告”。
advice 和counsel 辨析:
advice 指對(duì)不論重要還是瑣碎的事情提供的建議。
counsel 指發(fā)表意見的人從獨(dú)立和客觀的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),在公事上或以權(quán)威的身份提出的意見,涉及的事情對(duì)尋求意見的人來說具有較大重要性。
caution 和warning 辨析:
caution 意為“小心,謹(jǐn)慎”,警告人對(duì)某事慎重處理或慎重去做。warning是警告某人危
險(xiǎn)的存在,告知人們做某事是危險(xiǎn)的。