在ORACLE測試服務器上還原恢復了一個數據庫后，啟動監(jiān)聽服務時出現(xiàn)了TNS-12541, TNS-12560,TNS-00511之類的錯誤，具體情況如下所示：
    [oracle@getlnx01 admin]$ lsnrctl status
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-MAR-2015 09:13:29
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
    TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
    TNS-00511: No listener
    Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=getlnx01.esqule.com)(PORT=1521)))
    TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
    TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
    TNS-00511: No listener
    Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
    [oracle@getlnx01 dbs]$ lsnrctl start
    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-MAR-2015 09:20:46
    Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
    Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
    TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
    System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
    Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
    Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=getlnx01.esqule.com)(PORT=1521)))
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
    TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
    TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
    TNS-00517: Lost contact
    Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer
    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=getlnx01.esqule.com)(PORT=1521)))
    TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
    TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
    TNS-00511: No listener
    Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
    因為曾經遇到并解決過TNS-12541這類錯誤，立即檢查/etc/hosts文件，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)IP地址寫錯了，正確的IP地址應該為192.168.7.221,而不是粗心手誤寫錯的192.168.7.211
    [root@getlnx01 ~]# more /etc/hosts
    # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
    # that require network functionality will fail.
    127.0.0.1 getlnx01.esqule.com getlnx01
    192.168.7.211 getlnx01.esqule.com getlnx01
    修改為正確的IP地址后，依然出現(xiàn)這個錯誤，后面查看了官方文檔Starting TNS Listener or LSNRCTL Start Yields TNS-12541, Linux Error: 111: Connection Refused (文檔 ID 343295.1)后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)是因為本地主機環(huán)回名稱和地址不正確所致，修改/etc/hosts后，重啟監(jiān)聽服務，問題解決。
    [oracle@getlnx01 ~]$ more /etc/hosts
    # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
    # that require network functionality will fail.
    127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
    192.168.7.221 getlnx01.esqule.com getlnx01
    CAUSE
    1. There is possibly an incorrect IP Address specified for the host in the /etc/hosts file.
    For example:
    192.168.101.101 prod1.us.oracle.com prod1
    Whereas the actual ip address for the host "prod1.us.oracle.com" is 192.168.101.110
    2. Also, the localhost reference may be incorrect or missing from the /etc/hosts file.
    3. Oracle may not have read access to /etc/nsswitch.conf file.
    SOLUTION
    To implement the solution, please execute the following steps:
    1. Correct the mapping in the /etc/hosts file by adding/correcting the IP address and/or hostname reference for the Unix/Linux Server (both long and short host names).
    For example:
    # Add or edit the /etc/hosts file to include a valid entry for the Server:
    192.168.101.110 prod1.us.oracle.com prod1
    2. Check that the localhost loopback name and address are correct (both long and short host names).
    An example of a correct localhost entry would be as follows:
    127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
    3. Remember to save the /etc/hosts file and then start the listener.
    4. Check permissions on /etc/nsswitch.conf file to ensure group and other have read access.
    - If necessary change permisions on /etc/nsswitch.conf as follows:
    chmod 644 /etc/nsswitch.conf