exp、imp是ORACLE幸存的最古老的兩個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)命令行工具，導(dǎo)入(IMP)/導(dǎo)出(EXP)，昨天在Oracle用exp、imp導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出報(bào)EXP-0006:出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部不一致的錯(cuò)誤。
    以前用exp、imp導(dǎo)庫(kù)命令成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入，對(duì)此，昨天再對(duì)服務(wù)器新安裝的Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用exp、imp導(dǎo)庫(kù)，一直報(bào)“EXP-0006：出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部不一致的錯(cuò)誤”，于是在網(wǎng)上百度，嘗試其他導(dǎo)庫(kù)方式，發(fā)現(xiàn)采用expdp、impdp數(shù)據(jù)泵同樣可以完成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入，而且數(shù)據(jù)泵與傳統(tǒng)導(dǎo)出導(dǎo)入有如下區(qū)別：
    1.EXP和IMP是客戶段工具程序， EXPDP和IMPDP是服務(wù)端的工具程序;
    2.EXP和IMP效率比較低. EXPDP和IMPDP效率高;
    3.數(shù)據(jù)泵功能強(qiáng)大并行、過濾、轉(zhuǎn)換、壓縮、加密、交互等等;
    4.數(shù)據(jù)泵不支持9i以前版本， EXP/IMP短期內(nèi)還是比較適用;
    5.同exp/imp數(shù)據(jù)泵導(dǎo)出包括導(dǎo)出表,導(dǎo)出方案,導(dǎo)出表空間,導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)4種方式。
    有了理論支持，下面開始實(shí)戰(zhàn)。
    expdp導(dǎo)出Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    1.在sqlplus下創(chuàng)建Directory， 優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于讓我們可以在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中靈活的對(duì)文件進(jìn)行讀寫操作，極大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可擴(kuò)展性。
    命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';
    2.把讀寫權(quán)限授予特定用戶
    命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
    3.在dos窗口執(zhí)行expdp導(dǎo)出命令
    命令：expdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile =20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.logFULL=y;
    到此導(dǎo)出工作完成，下面講解如何用impdp導(dǎo)入Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
    impdp導(dǎo)入Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    1.以sysdba級(jí)別登錄Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
    命令：--sqlplus /nolog
    --conn as sysdba
    2.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表空間
    命令：
    --創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表空間
    CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_DATA
    LOGGING
    DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_DATA.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
    ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
    SIZE 1024K;
    --創(chuàng)建索引表空間
    CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_INDX
    LOGGING
    DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_INDX.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
    ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
    SIZE 1024K;
    這步很關(guān)鍵，創(chuàng)建的表空間需要和原Oracle表空間名稱、個(gè)數(shù)相同，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)入失敗。如果不知道原表空間名稱、個(gè)數(shù)，就先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)的表空間進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入，導(dǎo)入過程中根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤提示，比如“RADPCS1_DATA表空間不存在”提示，缺哪個(gè)創(chuàng)建哪個(gè)。
    3.創(chuàng)建用戶、對(duì)用戶授權(quán)
    --創(chuàng)建用戶
    create user radpcs identified by ictradpcs
    default tablespace radpcs_data
    quota unlimited on radpcs_data
    quota unlimited on radpcs_indx;
    --授權(quán)
    grant aq_administrator_role to radpcs;
    grant aq_user_role to radpcs;
    grant authenticateduser to radpcs;
    grant connect to radpcs;
    grant ctxapp to radpcs;
    grant dba to radpcs;
    grant delete_catalog_role to radpcs;
    grant ejbclient to radpcs;
    grant execute_catalog_role to radpcs;
    grant exp_full_database to radpcs;
    grant gather_system_statistics to radpcs;
    grant hs_admin_role to radpcs;
    grant imp_full_database to radpcs;
    grant javadebugpriv to radpcs;
    grant javaidpriv to radpcs;
    grant javasyspriv to radpcs;
    grant javauserpriv to radpcs;
    grant java_admin to radpcs;
    grant java_deploy to radpcs;
    grant logstdby_administrator to radpcs;
    grant oem_monitor to radpcs;
    grant olap_dba to radpcs;
    grant recovery_catalog_owner to radpcs;
    grant resource to radpcs;
    grant select_catalog_role to radpcs;
    grant xdbadmin to radpcs;
    -- Grant/Revoke system privileges
    grant administer database trigger to radpcs;
    grant alter any cluster to radpcs;
    grant alter any dimension to radpcs;
    grant alter any index to radpcs;
    grant alter any indextype to radpcs;
    grant alter any library to radpcs;
    grant alter any outline to radpcs;
    grant alter any procedure to radpcs;
    grant alter any role to radpcs;
    grant alter any sequence to radpcs;
    grant alter any snapshot to radpcs;
    grant alter any table to radpcs;
    grant alter any trigger to radpcs;
    grant alter any type to radpcs;
    grant alter database to radpcs;
    grant alter profile to radpcs;
    grant alter resource cost to radpcs;
    grant alter rollback segment to radpcs;
    grant alter session to radpcs;
    grant alter system to radpcs;
    grant alter tablespace to radpcs;
    grant alter user to radpcs;
    grant analyze any to radpcs;
    grant audit any to radpcs;
    grant audit system to radpcs;
    grant backup any table to radpcs;
    grant become user to radpcs;
    grant comment any table to radpcs;
    grant create any cluster to radpcs;
    grant create any context to radpcs;
    grant create any dimension to radpcs;
    grant create any directory to radpcs;
    grant create any index to radpcs;
    grant create any indextype to radpcs;
    grant create any library to radpcs;
    grant create any operator to radpcs;
    grant create any outline to radpcs;
    grant create any procedure to radpcs;
    grant create any sequence to radpcs;
    grant create any snapshot to radpcs;
    grant create any synonym to radpcs;
    grant create any table to radpcs;
    grant create any trigger to radpcs;
    grant create any type to radpcs;
    grant create any view to radpcs;
    grant create cluster to radpcs;
    grant create database link to radpcs;
    grant create dimension to radpcs;
    grant create indextype to radpcs;
    grant create library to radpcs;
    grant create operator to radpcs;
    grant create procedure to radpcs;
    grant create profile to radpcs;
    grant create public database link to radpcs;
    grant create public synonym to radpcs;
    grant create role to radpcs;
    grant create rollback segment to radpcs;
    grant create sequence to radpcs;
    grant create session to radpcs;
    grant create snapshot to radpcs;
    grant create synonym to radpcs;
    grant create table to radpcs;
    grant create tablespace to radpcs;
    grant create trigger to radpcs;
    grant create type to radpcs;
    grant create user to radpcs;
    grant create view to radpcs;
    grant debug any procedure to radpcs;
    grant debug connect session to radpcs;
    grant delete any table to radpcs;
    grant drop any cluster to radpcs;
    grant drop any context to radpcs;
    grant drop any dimension to radpcs;
    grant drop any directory to radpcs;
    grant drop any index to radpcs;
    grant drop any indextype to radpcs;
    grant drop any library to radpcs;
    grant drop any operator to radpcs;
    grant drop any outline to radpcs;
    grant drop any procedure to radpcs;
    grant drop any role to radpcs;
    grant drop any sequence to radpcs;
    grant drop any snapshot to radpcs;
    grant drop any synonym to radpcs;
    grant drop any table to radpcs;
    grant drop any trigger to radpcs;
    grant drop any type to radpcs;
    grant drop any view to radpcs;
    grant drop profile to radpcs;
    grant drop public database link to radpcs;
    grant drop public synonym to radpcs;
    grant drop rollback segment to radpcs;
    grant drop tablespace to radpcs;
    grant drop user to radpcs;
    grant execute any indextype to radpcs;
    grant execute any library to radpcs;
    grant execute any operator to radpcs;
    grant execute any procedure to radpcs;
    grant execute any type to radpcs;
    grant flashback any table to radpcs;
    grant force any transaction to radpcs;
    grant force transaction to radpcs;
    grant global query rewrite to radpcs;
    grant grant any object privilege to radpcs;
    grant grant any privilege to radpcs;
    grant grant any role to radpcs;
    grant insert any table to radpcs;
    grant lock any table to radpcs;
    grant manage tablespace to radpcs;
    grant on commit refresh to radpcs;
    grant query rewrite to radpcs;
    grant restricted session to radpcs;
    grant resumable to radpcs;
    grant select any sequence to radpcs;
    grant select any table to radpcs;
    grant under any table to radpcs;
    grant under any type to radpcs;
    grant under any view to radpcs;
    grant unlimited tablespace to radpcs;
    grant update any table to radpcs;
    grant select on dba_free_space to radpcs;
    grant select on dba_data_files to radpcs;
    4.在sqlplus下創(chuàng)建Directory
    命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';
    5.把讀寫權(quán)限授予特定用戶
    命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
    6.在dos窗口執(zhí)行impdp導(dǎo)入命令
    命令：impdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile=20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.log;
    漫長(zhǎng)的等待后，dos窗口會(huì)提示導(dǎo)出完成。如果導(dǎo)入過程出錯(cuò)，會(huì)提示錯(cuò)誤信息(只要數(shù)據(jù)完整，一些錯(cuò)誤可以忽略)。