Work Together to Open a New Chapter in China-US Trade and Economic Cooperation——Address by Premier Wen Jiabao of China at Luncheon Hosted by the American Bankers Association in New York
共同開創(chuàng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的新局面
——在紐約美國銀行家協(xié)會(huì)舉行的午餐會(huì)上的演講
2003/12/08
Mr. Chairman，
Ladies and Gentlemen，
With the approach of the 25th anniversary of China-US diplomatic ties， I have come to your country on an official visit at the invitation of President Bush. New York City is the first leg of my current trip and I am really delighted to join so many old and new friends here. I wish to express my special thanks to the American Bankers Association for its gracious hospitality， and to pay my respects to all those who have for years dedicated themselves to greater trade and economic cooperation between our two countries. I also wish to convey， through you， my cordial greetings and best wishes to the great American people.
In recent weeks， China and the US have been coping with some differences and frictions over the trade issue. As such， my current visit has been given rather intense attention. Let me first assure you that I have come to this country to seek friendship and cooperation， and not to fight a “trade war”。
Many a difference derives from a lack of understanding. I am convinced that with dialogue and consultation，China and the US are entirely able to narrow their differences and broaden their areas of cooperation.
When talking about China-US trade， we should not overlook one fundamental fact， that is， in the past 25 years， two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion. From merely 2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today， the increase is dozens of times. Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other？ Or is China the winner and theUS the loser？ The answer is obviously no. In fact， both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade.
No one in his wildest imagination could have expected 25 years ago the sheer magnitude of China-US trade and economic relations of today. With over 40，000 US-invested enterprises， the paid-in value of the total US investment in China now stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 UScompanies， more than 400 have come to China， and most of them are making a handsome profit. The McDonald's and KFC chain stores are found in almost every Chinese city， large or small. Products bearing such famous American brands as Microsoft， Intel， Motorola， P&G， Kodak and GM sell quickly on the Chinese market. Of every ten rolls of films used by Chinese consumers， seven are made by Kodak. Wal-Mart and other US retailing firms are also doing successfully in China. At the same time， many Chinese merchandizes have become favored choices of US consumers. The number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the US has surpassed 700.
As we all know， trade and commerce form the economic foundation of our bilateral relations. Being mutually beneficial and win-win， China-US trade and economic ties have not only delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples， but underpinned the overall relationship， giving it a powerful driving force for a steady expansion. As for the contribution made by the thriving China-US economic partnership to the prosperity of the surrounding areas and the world economic growth， it is there for all to see.
The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies， in the final analysis， in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies， which， to a large extent， stems from their big differences in economic resources， economic structures and consumption levels.China is the world's largest developing country with a huge market， fast development and a low cost of labor， but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. On the other hand， the US is the world's largest developed country， big in economic size， abundant in capital， and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time， and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This， in my view， is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade.
Depicting how climbers of the towering Mount Tai feel， an ancient Chinese poem goes， “I must ascend the mountain's crest； it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.” When approaching problems in China-US trade， we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit withChina， the RMB exchange rate， and IPR protection， are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade， and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. They should not， and will not， stand in the way of the larger interests of China-US trade. As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river， the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. As bilateral trade and economic relations grow in size， some frictions are hardly avoidable. So long as the two sides act in good faith， such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation.
During my interview with The Washington Posttwo weeks ago and my meetings with American friends at other times， I explained our positions on the above hot issues. If you still have some questions， I will be glad to answer them later on.
A review of China-US trade and economic relations in the past quarter of a century reveals certain important experience and lessons that we should bear in mind. Now， I would like to propose the following five principles for fair trade and economic partnership betweenChinaand the US for your consideration：
First， mutual benefit and win-win result. Thinking broadly， one should take account of the other's interests while pursuing its own.
Second， development first. Existing differences should be resolved through expanded trade and economic cooperation.
Third， greater scope to coordinating mechanisms in bilateral trade and economic relations. Disputes should be addressed in a timely manner through communication and consultation to avoid possible escalation.
Fourth， equal consultation. The two sides should seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues， instead of imposing restrictions or sanctions at every turn.
Fifth， do not politicize economic and trade issues.
These five principles are based on the WTO framework and existing norms of international trade. They are essential for a correct understanding and proper handling of possible trade disputes or frictions between our two countries in the years ahead. The core elements of these principles are development， equality， and mutual benefit. Development is our driving force， equality the premise， and mutual benefit our goal. This， in my opinion， also serves the need for a constructive and cooperative relationship to which both sides are committed.
Take the problems of our trade imbalance for example. By putting development first， we mean to take a forward-looking approach that allows us to narrow the trade gap through continued expansion of two-way trade. As you all know， we do not go after an increase of US trade deficit with China. But reducing Chinese exports to the US is no good answer， for so doing serves neitherChinanor the US in solving its unemployment problem. Instead， it will seriously harm the interests of millions of American consumers and US firms operating inChina. A more realistic solution is for the US to expand its export to China. We on our part have demonstrated the utmost sincerity and made our greatest effort by substantially increasing import of farm products and machinery from theUS， and placing more purchasing orders for needed American commodities. At the same time， we hope theUS will recognizeChina's market economy status， and lift its export restrictions on high-tech products. I ardently hope that the relevant US departments will make a clean break with those obsolete concepts and anachronistic practices， and throw them into thePacific Ocean， so as to boldly keep pace with the times.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
I for one have full confidence in the future of China-US trade and economic cooperation. The road ahead might not be all smooth sailing， but the prospect is surely promising. Internationally， China-US economic partnership faces a window of rare strategic opportunity. A pattern featuring economic interdependence， mutual benefit and win-win， a pattern of each having something of the other， is taking shape. I have noticed that theUSeconomy has started its long-awaited rebound. And I would like to tell you in a responsible manner that China's economy will maintain a sound growth momentum for a considerably long time to come.
-Chinaas a whole has entered the crucial stage of industrialization and urbanization. And the strong domestic demand will keep its economy growing continuously.
- Continued structural innovation has made Chinese economy increasingly dynamic. The market now plays an essential role in the allocation of resources. The public sector has become more vigorous thanks to restructuring， reorganization and upgrading， and the non-public sectors have made giant strides.
- The Chinese Government is more capable of macro-economic control and regulation. We successfully coped with the impact of the Asian financial crisis， and managed to pull off an 8.5 percent growth this year， despite the SARS epidemic.
-China's opening-up is getting even wider and its investment environment better.Chinais now one of the world's safest places. We have done a fruitful work in honoring our WTO commitments， and more and more foreign investors have been attracted toChina.
Given the above， we are confident in our ability to maintain an economic growth rate of around 7 percent for a long time to come， reaching a GDP level of over 4 trillion US dollars by 2020. In the next three years，China plans to import over 1 trillion US dollars worth of goods， and its service sector will open still wider to the outside world. The rapidly growing Chinese economy will not only benefit the 1.3 billion Chinese people， but expand the horizon of trade and economic cooperation betweenChinaand other countries， the US included， creating a huge number of opportunities for Chinese and American businesses.
The Chinese Government will continue to encourage foreign investment and protect foreign investors inChina. As its consumption structure and industrial structure upgrade，China needs more and more advanced know-how， equipment and services. The southeast coastal region ofChina， in particular， is well poised to becoming home to a number of manufacturing hubs. Moreover， while we are pressing ahead with the western development program， the large-scale overhaul of Northeast China and other old industrial bases is under way. American business and financial communities are welcome to seize these opportunities and expand their presence in the Chinese market. We want to see more large US firms working together with Chinese enterprises， and we hope the small and medium-sized US firms can also join in.
Let me tell you this， I plan to make a proposal to President Bush to raise the level of the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade， so as to better serve bilateral trade and economic cooperation. I am sure he will agree with me.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
China's development relies mainly on domestic demand. We do not seek long-standing， excessive trade surplus， but work to maintain a basic balance between import and export. We hope the two sides will set store by the larger interests of China-US relations， seize the opportunities by enhancing trust and dispelling suspicion， and work persistently to bring bilateral trade and economic cooperation to a new high.
As a famous American saying goes， “The golden age is before us， not behind us.” We are ready to work together with our friends from the US business and financial communities to open a new chapter in China-US trade and economic cooperation.
Thank you.
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主席先生，
女士們，先生們：
在中美建交25周年前夕，我應(yīng)布什總統(tǒng)的邀請(qǐng)正式訪問貴國。紐約是我訪美的第一站，在這里能與各位新老朋友歡聚一堂，我感到很高興。在此我要特別感謝美國銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的盛情款待，向多年來為推動(dòng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作做出積極貢獻(xiàn)的各位朋友表示敬意！并通過你們向偉大的美國人民致以誠摯問候和良好祝愿！
近一段時(shí)間，中美貿(mào)易方面有些分歧和摩擦。各方面對(duì)我此次美國之行頗為關(guān)注。我首先要告訴諸位，我這次是為了尋求友誼與合作而來，不是來打“貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)”的。
有些分歧問題的產(chǎn)生，實(shí)際上是相互不了解。我深信，中美雙方通過對(duì)話與磋商，可以縮小我們之間的分歧，擴(kuò)大我們之間的合作。
談到中美貿(mào)易問題，首先要看到一個(gè)最基本的事實(shí)，這就是25年來我們兩國之間的貿(mào)易有了巨大的發(fā)展。從1979年的不足25億美元，發(fā)展到今天的 1000多億美元，增長了幾十倍。這種巨額增長，是不是只對(duì)一方有利而對(duì)另一方不利？或者說只是中國賺了而美國虧了？不是。事實(shí)上，兩國都從迅速發(fā)展的中美貿(mào)易中獲得了巨大的利益。
25年前，也許誰也不曾想到，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作能有今天這樣大的規(guī)模。今天，美國在華投資設(shè)立企業(yè)超過4萬家，實(shí)際投資430億美元。美國500強(qiáng)企業(yè)中，已有400多家進(jìn)入中國，大多數(shù)企業(yè)獲利豐厚。麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基遍及中國大小城市。微軟、英特爾、摩托羅拉、寶潔、柯達(dá)、通用汽車等美國馳名品牌的商品暢銷中國市場。中國人用的膠卷，每10卷中就有 7卷是柯達(dá)產(chǎn)品。沃爾瑪?shù)攘闶燮髽I(yè)在中國也有很大發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，在美國的市場上，許多中國商品受到美國消費(fèi)者的青睞。中國在美國投資設(shè)立企業(yè)超過700 家。
大家知道，經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系是兩國關(guān)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。互利共贏的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系，不僅給兩國人民帶來了實(shí)實(shí)在在的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，而且成為中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)和強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。至于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的迅速發(fā)展，對(duì)于周邊地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮乃至世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長所起的促進(jìn)作用，更是有目共睹。
中美貿(mào)易之所以能迅速發(fā)展，根本原因在于兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)具有極大的互補(bǔ)性。這種互補(bǔ)性，很大程度上來自兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)資源條件、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)以及消費(fèi)水平存在著很大的差異。中國是的發(fā)展中國家，市場廣闊，發(fā)展迅速，勞動(dòng)力成本低，但資金短缺、科技和管理相對(duì)落后。美國是的發(fā)達(dá)國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量大，資本充足，科技發(fā)達(dá)，但勞動(dòng)力成本高。這種差異性和互補(bǔ)性，將在今后長期存在，在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的大背景下顯得更加突出。我認(rèn)為，這就是中美貿(mào)易能夠持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的客觀基礎(chǔ)。
中國有一句描寫登泰山感受的古詩：“會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小”。我們對(duì)待中美貿(mào)易問題，要有這種高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的戰(zhàn)略眼光。諸如美中貿(mào)易逆差問題，人民幣匯率問題，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)問題，貴國社會(huì)各界甚為關(guān)注。所有這些問題，是在中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問題，是可以取得共識(shí)，也是可以逐步得到解決的，不應(yīng)該也不可能影響中美經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展大局。滔滔長河有時(shí)會(huì)卷起漩渦，漫漫歷史進(jìn)程難免會(huì)發(fā)生波折。隨著中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，有點(diǎn)摩擦在所難免。只要雙方有誠意，這類問題完全可以通過平等協(xié)商和擴(kuò)大合作來加以妥善解決。
兩周前，我在北京接受《華盛頓郵報(bào)》采訪和會(huì)見美國朋友時(shí)，已就上述“熱點(diǎn)”問題作了闡述。如果在座諸位還有什么問題，稍后我樂意解答。
回顧中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系發(fā)展25年的歷史，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從中汲取一些重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。我愿意，就發(fā)展中美公平貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作提出五條原則，與各位商榷。這五條原則是：
第一、互利共贏。從大處著眼，既要考慮自己利益，又要考慮對(duì)方利益。
第二、把發(fā)展放在首位。通過擴(kuò)大經(jīng)貿(mào)合作來化解分歧。
第三、發(fā)揮雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制作用。及時(shí)溝通和磋商，避免矛盾激化。
第四、平等協(xié)商。求大同存小異，不動(dòng)輒設(shè)限和制裁。
第五、不把經(jīng)貿(mào)問題政治化。
這五條原則，是建立在世貿(mào)組織框架和國際貿(mào)易基本準(zhǔn)則基礎(chǔ)上的，也是正確認(rèn)識(shí)和妥善處理今后一個(gè)時(shí)期中美貿(mào)易可能出現(xiàn)的分歧和摩擦所需要的。這五條原則的核心和精髓是六個(gè)字：發(fā)展，平等，互利。發(fā)展是動(dòng)力，平等是前提，互利是目的。我想，這完全符合我們兩國之間發(fā)展建設(shè)性合作關(guān)系的要求。
以解決兩國貿(mào)易不平衡為例。所謂把發(fā)展放在首位，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)向前看，通過進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大兩國貿(mào)易來縮小不平衡。大家知道，美中貿(mào)易逆差擴(kuò)大，這不是我們所追求的。但是，靠減少中國對(duì)美國的出口，這不是一個(gè)好辦法。因?yàn)檫@樣做，既不利于中國，也無助于解決美國內(nèi)失業(yè)問題，反而會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害美國廣大消費(fèi)者和美國在華企業(yè)的利益。比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的辦法是，美國進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大對(duì)中國的出口。為此，我們已經(jīng)以的誠意和的努力，大幅度增加了對(duì)美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口，并將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大我所需商品的采購。同時(shí)，我們也希望美國承認(rèn)中國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家地位，解除對(duì)中國高新技術(shù)出口的限制。在這方面，我真誠地希望，美國有關(guān)方面把那些陳舊觀念和不合時(shí)宜的做法拋到太平洋去，來一個(gè)大膽的與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。
女士們、先生們：
我對(duì)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的前景充滿信心。也許道路是不平坦的，但前途一定是光明的。縱觀國際形勢，中美兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作正面臨一個(gè)難得的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。中美在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域相互依存、互利共贏、你中有我、我中有你的格局已經(jīng)初步形成。我注意到，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)已開始復(fù)蘇。同時(shí)，我還要負(fù)責(zé)任地告訴諸位，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)將在今后相當(dāng)長一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)保持良好的發(fā)展勢頭。
——中國從總體上已步入工業(yè)化和城市化的重要時(shí)期。旺盛的國內(nèi)需求，是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的不竭動(dòng)力。
——中國體制創(chuàng)新使經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力。市場機(jī)制在資源配置中發(fā)揮著基礎(chǔ)性作用。公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的活力通過改革、改組、改造得到釋放，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)有了很大的發(fā)展。
——中國政府調(diào)控宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的能力得到增強(qiáng)。我們成功應(yīng)對(duì)了亞洲金融危機(jī)的沖擊，今年在遭受非典疫情的情況下仍保持8.5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。
——中國對(duì)外開放的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，投資環(huán)境日益改善。目前，中國是世界上最為安全的地方之一。我們履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾所作的努力是卓有成效的，正吸引著越來越多的各國投資者。
總之，我們有信心使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)在今后較長時(shí)期內(nèi)保持7%左右的增長速度。預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將達(dá)到4萬多億美元。今后三年，中國貨物進(jìn)口總額將超過1萬億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)也會(huì)進(jìn)一步開放。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，不僅會(huì)造福于13億中國人民，也將為包括美國在內(nèi)的世界各國開辟經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的廣闊空間，為中美兩國企業(yè)家提供巨大商機(jī)。
中國政府將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地鼓勵(lì)和保護(hù)外國投資者來華投資。中國消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)正在加快升級(jí)，對(duì)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、設(shè)備和服務(wù)的需求日趨旺盛。特別是中國東南沿海地區(qū)已經(jīng)具備發(fā)展若干個(gè)制造業(yè)中心的良好條件，西部大開發(fā)正在大力推進(jìn)，東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地的調(diào)整改造已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)。我們歡迎美國工商金融界的朋友們，搶抓機(jī)遇，到中國開拓市場。我們歡迎更多的美國大企業(yè)與中國企業(yè)合作，也希望中小企業(yè)積極跟進(jìn)。
我可以高興地告訴諸位，我準(zhǔn)備向布什總統(tǒng)提議：提高中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)的級(jí)別，更好地為拓展兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作服務(wù)。我相信布什總統(tǒng)會(huì)同意我這個(gè)建議。
女士們、先生們：
中國的發(fā)展主要依靠內(nèi)需，不追求長期、過大的貿(mào)易順差，致力實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)出口的基本平衡。我們希望，雙方都以中美關(guān)系大局為重，把握先機(jī)，增進(jìn)釋疑，積極進(jìn)取，把中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作推上新水平！
貴國有句名言：“黃金時(shí)代在我們的前面”。我們愿與美國工商金融界的朋友們一道，共同開創(chuàng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的新局面！
謝謝大家。
共同開創(chuàng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的新局面
——在紐約美國銀行家協(xié)會(huì)舉行的午餐會(huì)上的演講
2003/12/08
Mr. Chairman，
Ladies and Gentlemen，
With the approach of the 25th anniversary of China-US diplomatic ties， I have come to your country on an official visit at the invitation of President Bush. New York City is the first leg of my current trip and I am really delighted to join so many old and new friends here. I wish to express my special thanks to the American Bankers Association for its gracious hospitality， and to pay my respects to all those who have for years dedicated themselves to greater trade and economic cooperation between our two countries. I also wish to convey， through you， my cordial greetings and best wishes to the great American people.
In recent weeks， China and the US have been coping with some differences and frictions over the trade issue. As such， my current visit has been given rather intense attention. Let me first assure you that I have come to this country to seek friendship and cooperation， and not to fight a “trade war”。
Many a difference derives from a lack of understanding. I am convinced that with dialogue and consultation，China and the US are entirely able to narrow their differences and broaden their areas of cooperation.
When talking about China-US trade， we should not overlook one fundamental fact， that is， in the past 25 years， two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion. From merely 2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today， the increase is dozens of times. Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other？ Or is China the winner and theUS the loser？ The answer is obviously no. In fact， both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade.
No one in his wildest imagination could have expected 25 years ago the sheer magnitude of China-US trade and economic relations of today. With over 40，000 US-invested enterprises， the paid-in value of the total US investment in China now stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 UScompanies， more than 400 have come to China， and most of them are making a handsome profit. The McDonald's and KFC chain stores are found in almost every Chinese city， large or small. Products bearing such famous American brands as Microsoft， Intel， Motorola， P&G， Kodak and GM sell quickly on the Chinese market. Of every ten rolls of films used by Chinese consumers， seven are made by Kodak. Wal-Mart and other US retailing firms are also doing successfully in China. At the same time， many Chinese merchandizes have become favored choices of US consumers. The number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the US has surpassed 700.
As we all know， trade and commerce form the economic foundation of our bilateral relations. Being mutually beneficial and win-win， China-US trade and economic ties have not only delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples， but underpinned the overall relationship， giving it a powerful driving force for a steady expansion. As for the contribution made by the thriving China-US economic partnership to the prosperity of the surrounding areas and the world economic growth， it is there for all to see.
The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies， in the final analysis， in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies， which， to a large extent， stems from their big differences in economic resources， economic structures and consumption levels.China is the world's largest developing country with a huge market， fast development and a low cost of labor， but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. On the other hand， the US is the world's largest developed country， big in economic size， abundant in capital， and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time， and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This， in my view， is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade.
Depicting how climbers of the towering Mount Tai feel， an ancient Chinese poem goes， “I must ascend the mountain's crest； it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.” When approaching problems in China-US trade， we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit withChina， the RMB exchange rate， and IPR protection， are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade， and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. They should not， and will not， stand in the way of the larger interests of China-US trade. As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river， the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. As bilateral trade and economic relations grow in size， some frictions are hardly avoidable. So long as the two sides act in good faith， such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation.
During my interview with The Washington Posttwo weeks ago and my meetings with American friends at other times， I explained our positions on the above hot issues. If you still have some questions， I will be glad to answer them later on.
A review of China-US trade and economic relations in the past quarter of a century reveals certain important experience and lessons that we should bear in mind. Now， I would like to propose the following five principles for fair trade and economic partnership betweenChinaand the US for your consideration：
First， mutual benefit and win-win result. Thinking broadly， one should take account of the other's interests while pursuing its own.
Second， development first. Existing differences should be resolved through expanded trade and economic cooperation.
Third， greater scope to coordinating mechanisms in bilateral trade and economic relations. Disputes should be addressed in a timely manner through communication and consultation to avoid possible escalation.
Fourth， equal consultation. The two sides should seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues， instead of imposing restrictions or sanctions at every turn.
Fifth， do not politicize economic and trade issues.
These five principles are based on the WTO framework and existing norms of international trade. They are essential for a correct understanding and proper handling of possible trade disputes or frictions between our two countries in the years ahead. The core elements of these principles are development， equality， and mutual benefit. Development is our driving force， equality the premise， and mutual benefit our goal. This， in my opinion， also serves the need for a constructive and cooperative relationship to which both sides are committed.
Take the problems of our trade imbalance for example. By putting development first， we mean to take a forward-looking approach that allows us to narrow the trade gap through continued expansion of two-way trade. As you all know， we do not go after an increase of US trade deficit with China. But reducing Chinese exports to the US is no good answer， for so doing serves neitherChinanor the US in solving its unemployment problem. Instead， it will seriously harm the interests of millions of American consumers and US firms operating inChina. A more realistic solution is for the US to expand its export to China. We on our part have demonstrated the utmost sincerity and made our greatest effort by substantially increasing import of farm products and machinery from theUS， and placing more purchasing orders for needed American commodities. At the same time， we hope theUS will recognizeChina's market economy status， and lift its export restrictions on high-tech products. I ardently hope that the relevant US departments will make a clean break with those obsolete concepts and anachronistic practices， and throw them into thePacific Ocean， so as to boldly keep pace with the times.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
I for one have full confidence in the future of China-US trade and economic cooperation. The road ahead might not be all smooth sailing， but the prospect is surely promising. Internationally， China-US economic partnership faces a window of rare strategic opportunity. A pattern featuring economic interdependence， mutual benefit and win-win， a pattern of each having something of the other， is taking shape. I have noticed that theUSeconomy has started its long-awaited rebound. And I would like to tell you in a responsible manner that China's economy will maintain a sound growth momentum for a considerably long time to come.
-Chinaas a whole has entered the crucial stage of industrialization and urbanization. And the strong domestic demand will keep its economy growing continuously.
- Continued structural innovation has made Chinese economy increasingly dynamic. The market now plays an essential role in the allocation of resources. The public sector has become more vigorous thanks to restructuring， reorganization and upgrading， and the non-public sectors have made giant strides.
- The Chinese Government is more capable of macro-economic control and regulation. We successfully coped with the impact of the Asian financial crisis， and managed to pull off an 8.5 percent growth this year， despite the SARS epidemic.
-China's opening-up is getting even wider and its investment environment better.Chinais now one of the world's safest places. We have done a fruitful work in honoring our WTO commitments， and more and more foreign investors have been attracted toChina.
Given the above， we are confident in our ability to maintain an economic growth rate of around 7 percent for a long time to come， reaching a GDP level of over 4 trillion US dollars by 2020. In the next three years，China plans to import over 1 trillion US dollars worth of goods， and its service sector will open still wider to the outside world. The rapidly growing Chinese economy will not only benefit the 1.3 billion Chinese people， but expand the horizon of trade and economic cooperation betweenChinaand other countries， the US included， creating a huge number of opportunities for Chinese and American businesses.
The Chinese Government will continue to encourage foreign investment and protect foreign investors inChina. As its consumption structure and industrial structure upgrade，China needs more and more advanced know-how， equipment and services. The southeast coastal region ofChina， in particular， is well poised to becoming home to a number of manufacturing hubs. Moreover， while we are pressing ahead with the western development program， the large-scale overhaul of Northeast China and other old industrial bases is under way. American business and financial communities are welcome to seize these opportunities and expand their presence in the Chinese market. We want to see more large US firms working together with Chinese enterprises， and we hope the small and medium-sized US firms can also join in.
Let me tell you this， I plan to make a proposal to President Bush to raise the level of the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade， so as to better serve bilateral trade and economic cooperation. I am sure he will agree with me.
Ladies and Gentlemen，
China's development relies mainly on domestic demand. We do not seek long-standing， excessive trade surplus， but work to maintain a basic balance between import and export. We hope the two sides will set store by the larger interests of China-US relations， seize the opportunities by enhancing trust and dispelling suspicion， and work persistently to bring bilateral trade and economic cooperation to a new high.
As a famous American saying goes， “The golden age is before us， not behind us.” We are ready to work together with our friends from the US business and financial communities to open a new chapter in China-US trade and economic cooperation.
Thank you.
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主席先生，
女士們，先生們：
在中美建交25周年前夕，我應(yīng)布什總統(tǒng)的邀請(qǐng)正式訪問貴國。紐約是我訪美的第一站，在這里能與各位新老朋友歡聚一堂，我感到很高興。在此我要特別感謝美國銀行家協(xié)會(huì)的盛情款待，向多年來為推動(dòng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作做出積極貢獻(xiàn)的各位朋友表示敬意！并通過你們向偉大的美國人民致以誠摯問候和良好祝愿！
近一段時(shí)間，中美貿(mào)易方面有些分歧和摩擦。各方面對(duì)我此次美國之行頗為關(guān)注。我首先要告訴諸位，我這次是為了尋求友誼與合作而來，不是來打“貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)”的。
有些分歧問題的產(chǎn)生，實(shí)際上是相互不了解。我深信，中美雙方通過對(duì)話與磋商，可以縮小我們之間的分歧，擴(kuò)大我們之間的合作。
談到中美貿(mào)易問題，首先要看到一個(gè)最基本的事實(shí)，這就是25年來我們兩國之間的貿(mào)易有了巨大的發(fā)展。從1979年的不足25億美元，發(fā)展到今天的 1000多億美元，增長了幾十倍。這種巨額增長，是不是只對(duì)一方有利而對(duì)另一方不利？或者說只是中國賺了而美國虧了？不是。事實(shí)上，兩國都從迅速發(fā)展的中美貿(mào)易中獲得了巨大的利益。
25年前，也許誰也不曾想到，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作能有今天這樣大的規(guī)模。今天，美國在華投資設(shè)立企業(yè)超過4萬家，實(shí)際投資430億美元。美國500強(qiáng)企業(yè)中，已有400多家進(jìn)入中國，大多數(shù)企業(yè)獲利豐厚。麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基遍及中國大小城市。微軟、英特爾、摩托羅拉、寶潔、柯達(dá)、通用汽車等美國馳名品牌的商品暢銷中國市場。中國人用的膠卷，每10卷中就有 7卷是柯達(dá)產(chǎn)品。沃爾瑪?shù)攘闶燮髽I(yè)在中國也有很大發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，在美國的市場上，許多中國商品受到美國消費(fèi)者的青睞。中國在美國投資設(shè)立企業(yè)超過700 家。
大家知道，經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系是兩國關(guān)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。互利共贏的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系，不僅給兩國人民帶來了實(shí)實(shí)在在的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，而且成為中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)和強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。至于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的迅速發(fā)展，對(duì)于周邊地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮乃至世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長所起的促進(jìn)作用，更是有目共睹。
中美貿(mào)易之所以能迅速發(fā)展，根本原因在于兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)具有極大的互補(bǔ)性。這種互補(bǔ)性，很大程度上來自兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)資源條件、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)以及消費(fèi)水平存在著很大的差異。中國是的發(fā)展中國家，市場廣闊，發(fā)展迅速，勞動(dòng)力成本低，但資金短缺、科技和管理相對(duì)落后。美國是的發(fā)達(dá)國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量大，資本充足，科技發(fā)達(dá)，但勞動(dòng)力成本高。這種差異性和互補(bǔ)性，將在今后長期存在，在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的大背景下顯得更加突出。我認(rèn)為，這就是中美貿(mào)易能夠持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的客觀基礎(chǔ)。
中國有一句描寫登泰山感受的古詩：“會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小”。我們對(duì)待中美貿(mào)易問題，要有這種高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的戰(zhàn)略眼光。諸如美中貿(mào)易逆差問題，人民幣匯率問題，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)問題，貴國社會(huì)各界甚為關(guān)注。所有這些問題，是在中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問題，是可以取得共識(shí)，也是可以逐步得到解決的，不應(yīng)該也不可能影響中美經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展大局。滔滔長河有時(shí)會(huì)卷起漩渦，漫漫歷史進(jìn)程難免會(huì)發(fā)生波折。隨著中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，有點(diǎn)摩擦在所難免。只要雙方有誠意，這類問題完全可以通過平等協(xié)商和擴(kuò)大合作來加以妥善解決。
兩周前，我在北京接受《華盛頓郵報(bào)》采訪和會(huì)見美國朋友時(shí)，已就上述“熱點(diǎn)”問題作了闡述。如果在座諸位還有什么問題，稍后我樂意解答。
回顧中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系發(fā)展25年的歷史，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從中汲取一些重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。我愿意，就發(fā)展中美公平貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作提出五條原則，與各位商榷。這五條原則是：
第一、互利共贏。從大處著眼，既要考慮自己利益，又要考慮對(duì)方利益。
第二、把發(fā)展放在首位。通過擴(kuò)大經(jīng)貿(mào)合作來化解分歧。
第三、發(fā)揮雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制作用。及時(shí)溝通和磋商，避免矛盾激化。
第四、平等協(xié)商。求大同存小異，不動(dòng)輒設(shè)限和制裁。
第五、不把經(jīng)貿(mào)問題政治化。
這五條原則，是建立在世貿(mào)組織框架和國際貿(mào)易基本準(zhǔn)則基礎(chǔ)上的，也是正確認(rèn)識(shí)和妥善處理今后一個(gè)時(shí)期中美貿(mào)易可能出現(xiàn)的分歧和摩擦所需要的。這五條原則的核心和精髓是六個(gè)字：發(fā)展，平等，互利。發(fā)展是動(dòng)力，平等是前提，互利是目的。我想，這完全符合我們兩國之間發(fā)展建設(shè)性合作關(guān)系的要求。
以解決兩國貿(mào)易不平衡為例。所謂把發(fā)展放在首位，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)向前看，通過進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大兩國貿(mào)易來縮小不平衡。大家知道，美中貿(mào)易逆差擴(kuò)大，這不是我們所追求的。但是，靠減少中國對(duì)美國的出口，這不是一個(gè)好辦法。因?yàn)檫@樣做，既不利于中國，也無助于解決美國內(nèi)失業(yè)問題，反而會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害美國廣大消費(fèi)者和美國在華企業(yè)的利益。比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的辦法是，美國進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大對(duì)中國的出口。為此，我們已經(jīng)以的誠意和的努力，大幅度增加了對(duì)美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口，并將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大我所需商品的采購。同時(shí)，我們也希望美國承認(rèn)中國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家地位，解除對(duì)中國高新技術(shù)出口的限制。在這方面，我真誠地希望，美國有關(guān)方面把那些陳舊觀念和不合時(shí)宜的做法拋到太平洋去，來一個(gè)大膽的與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。
女士們、先生們：
我對(duì)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的前景充滿信心。也許道路是不平坦的，但前途一定是光明的。縱觀國際形勢，中美兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作正面臨一個(gè)難得的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。中美在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域相互依存、互利共贏、你中有我、我中有你的格局已經(jīng)初步形成。我注意到，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)已開始復(fù)蘇。同時(shí)，我還要負(fù)責(zé)任地告訴諸位，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)將在今后相當(dāng)長一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)保持良好的發(fā)展勢頭。
——中國從總體上已步入工業(yè)化和城市化的重要時(shí)期。旺盛的國內(nèi)需求，是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的不竭動(dòng)力。
——中國體制創(chuàng)新使經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力。市場機(jī)制在資源配置中發(fā)揮著基礎(chǔ)性作用。公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的活力通過改革、改組、改造得到釋放，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)有了很大的發(fā)展。
——中國政府調(diào)控宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的能力得到增強(qiáng)。我們成功應(yīng)對(duì)了亞洲金融危機(jī)的沖擊，今年在遭受非典疫情的情況下仍保持8.5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。
——中國對(duì)外開放的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，投資環(huán)境日益改善。目前，中國是世界上最為安全的地方之一。我們履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾所作的努力是卓有成效的，正吸引著越來越多的各國投資者。
總之，我們有信心使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)在今后較長時(shí)期內(nèi)保持7%左右的增長速度。預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將達(dá)到4萬多億美元。今后三年，中國貨物進(jìn)口總額將超過1萬億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)也會(huì)進(jìn)一步開放。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，不僅會(huì)造福于13億中國人民，也將為包括美國在內(nèi)的世界各國開辟經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的廣闊空間，為中美兩國企業(yè)家提供巨大商機(jī)。
中國政府將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地鼓勵(lì)和保護(hù)外國投資者來華投資。中國消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)正在加快升級(jí)，對(duì)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、設(shè)備和服務(wù)的需求日趨旺盛。特別是中國東南沿海地區(qū)已經(jīng)具備發(fā)展若干個(gè)制造業(yè)中心的良好條件，西部大開發(fā)正在大力推進(jìn)，東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地的調(diào)整改造已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)。我們歡迎美國工商金融界的朋友們，搶抓機(jī)遇，到中國開拓市場。我們歡迎更多的美國大企業(yè)與中國企業(yè)合作，也希望中小企業(yè)積極跟進(jìn)。
我可以高興地告訴諸位，我準(zhǔn)備向布什總統(tǒng)提議：提高中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)的級(jí)別，更好地為拓展兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作服務(wù)。我相信布什總統(tǒng)會(huì)同意我這個(gè)建議。
女士們、先生們：
中國的發(fā)展主要依靠內(nèi)需，不追求長期、過大的貿(mào)易順差，致力實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)出口的基本平衡。我們希望，雙方都以中美關(guān)系大局為重，把握先機(jī)，增進(jìn)釋疑，積極進(jìn)取，把中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作推上新水平！
貴國有句名言：“黃金時(shí)代在我們的前面”。我們愿與美國工商金融界的朋友們一道，共同開創(chuàng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的新局面！
謝謝大家。