文章的過渡手段
作者: proud
眾所周知，要寫出清晰流暢的文章，需要把段落中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想。
起連貫作用的過渡詞語可以用來連接段落中的各個(gè)句子，也可以用來連接文章中的各個(gè)段落。下面是在段落中連接句子的例子（段中黑體字為過渡詞）
To many foreigners, the American word family is confusing.Foreigners often hear an American say "My family is coming tovisit." In this sentence, family means grandparents and perhapsother relatives. However, at other times, the same American mightsay, "I'm going to stay home with my family this weekend." In thiscase, he is talking about his wife and children. This is a muchnarrower meaning than the first one. Using family in this way makesa foreigner wonder which term really describes an American family.The answer, of course, is that there are two meanings for the wordfamily in the United States -- a narrow one and a broad one. Andthere is another term ---- immediate family ----- to describesomething in between.
這一段中出現(xiàn)的過渡手法有兩種：一種是過渡詞或詞組，如however,in this case, of course； 另一種是起過渡作用的代詞，如this,one.
段與段之間也可以用過渡詞連接，比如but可以連接兩個(gè)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的段落．
2. 過渡詞語的分類常用的過渡詞根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，可以分為以下十一類：
1) 用以解釋的過渡詞，比如：now, in addition, for, in thiscase, furthermore, in fact
1. The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
2. Furthermore, several people telephoned the samenight.
2) 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞，如：certainly, indeed, above all,surely, most important
1. Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable.
2. Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest.
3) 表示限制的過渡詞but, however, although, though, yet,except for
1. Yet there was still a chance that he would win.
2. Except for one girl, all the hikers returned.
4) 用以舉例的過渡詞forexample, for instance, thus, such, next
1. For instance, atelegram often costs more than a telephone call.
2. Thus the tripfinally began.
5) 表示遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充的過渡詞inaddition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet
1. In addition,the tour stops in Vancouver.
2. Furthermore,the time for registration has been extended.
6) 表達(dá)順序的過渡詞first,second, third, afterward(s)（后來）, meanwhile（幾乎同時(shí)）,
thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally,eventually（終于）
1. First, you mail inan application. Second, you ask for an appointment. Third, yousend
them three personal references.
2. Then you come to atraffic light and turn right.
7) 用以表示比較的過渡詞like,in the same way, similarly, equally important, too
1. In the same way, we lookfor a good doctor.
2. Similarly, the Thaisenjoy spicy foods.
8) 用以表示對(duì)比的過渡詞unlike, in contrast,whereas, on the other hand, instead
1. In contrast, the red fluid does not loseits color.
2. The husband wanted a boy, whereas the wifewanted a girl.
9) 表示讓步的過渡詞although, nevertheless, ofcurse, after all, clearly, still, yet
1. He planned, nevertheless, to ask for apromotion.
2. After all, you learn to cook many foods inthis job.
10) 用以表述結(jié)果的過渡詞therefore, as a result,consequently,
then，thereby，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly, so,otherwise
1. As a result, she became theprince's bride.
2. Consequently, we opened anaccount at the bank.
11) 用以表示總結(jié)的過渡詞to sum up, finally, in conclusion, atlast, in short，in a word，in the long run，in summary
1. To sum up, Christmas is the most important holiday.
2. In conclusion, a consulate offers more services.
上文已經(jīng)講過，除了過渡詞或詞組之外，起過渡作用的還有代詞、同義詞、連接詞和詞的重復(fù)等。下面分別舉例說明。
1. 起過渡作用的代詞
例：He asked what that meant.
We watched the hikers. They climbed slowly.
以上兩句中的深藍(lán)體字分別起句內(nèi)和句間的過渡作用。
起過渡作用的代詞在下面例子中的作用很大，沒有它，這段文字就不能成立。
It is the most talked-of subject in town. Every family in thecommunity discusses It half a dozen times a day. You mentioned Itto at least one of your friends before you came into the roomtoday. You think about It at least once during every class. Itspassage is steady. It touched everyone. What is It? It is Time.
2. 起過渡作用的同義詞
同義詞用得好，不僅有助于文章的連貫，也增加了文采。例如下文：
Community colleges are like the two-year colleges called juniorcolleges, or "j.c.'s". Both schools prepare students for four-yearcolleges. J.c.'s offer all the courses most four-year colleges asktheir freshmen and sophomores to take. Community colleges also givesuch required courses. But community colleges are also like otherinstitutions called trade schools. Both schools offer technicaltraining. Trade schools give courses in such areas as carpentry,nursing, television repairing, or photography. Community collegeshave complete technical courses for students who do not plan to goon to a university.
作者: proud
眾所周知，要寫出清晰流暢的文章，需要把段落中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想。
起連貫作用的過渡詞語可以用來連接段落中的各個(gè)句子，也可以用來連接文章中的各個(gè)段落。下面是在段落中連接句子的例子（段中黑體字為過渡詞）
To many foreigners, the American word family is confusing.Foreigners often hear an American say "My family is coming tovisit." In this sentence, family means grandparents and perhapsother relatives. However, at other times, the same American mightsay, "I'm going to stay home with my family this weekend." In thiscase, he is talking about his wife and children. This is a muchnarrower meaning than the first one. Using family in this way makesa foreigner wonder which term really describes an American family.The answer, of course, is that there are two meanings for the wordfamily in the United States -- a narrow one and a broad one. Andthere is another term ---- immediate family ----- to describesomething in between.
這一段中出現(xiàn)的過渡手法有兩種：一種是過渡詞或詞組，如however,in this case, of course； 另一種是起過渡作用的代詞，如this,one.
段與段之間也可以用過渡詞連接，比如but可以連接兩個(gè)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的段落．
2. 過渡詞語的分類常用的過渡詞根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，可以分為以下十一類：
1) 用以解釋的過渡詞，比如：now, in addition, for, in thiscase, furthermore, in fact
1. The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
2. Furthermore, several people telephoned the samenight.
2) 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞，如：certainly, indeed, above all,surely, most important
1. Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable.
2. Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest.
3) 表示限制的過渡詞but, however, although, though, yet,except for
1. Yet there was still a chance that he would win.
2. Except for one girl, all the hikers returned.
4) 用以舉例的過渡詞forexample, for instance, thus, such, next
1. For instance, atelegram often costs more than a telephone call.
2. Thus the tripfinally began.
5) 表示遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充的過渡詞inaddition，furthermore，also，moreover，yet
1. In addition,the tour stops in Vancouver.
2. Furthermore,the time for registration has been extended.
6) 表達(dá)順序的過渡詞first,second, third, afterward(s)（后來）, meanwhile（幾乎同時(shí)）,
thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally,eventually（終于）
1. First, you mail inan application. Second, you ask for an appointment. Third, yousend
them three personal references.
2. Then you come to atraffic light and turn right.
7) 用以表示比較的過渡詞like,in the same way, similarly, equally important, too
1. In the same way, we lookfor a good doctor.
2. Similarly, the Thaisenjoy spicy foods.
8) 用以表示對(duì)比的過渡詞unlike, in contrast,whereas, on the other hand, instead
1. In contrast, the red fluid does not loseits color.
2. The husband wanted a boy, whereas the wifewanted a girl.
9) 表示讓步的過渡詞although, nevertheless, ofcurse, after all, clearly, still, yet
1. He planned, nevertheless, to ask for apromotion.
2. After all, you learn to cook many foods inthis job.
10) 用以表述結(jié)果的過渡詞therefore, as a result,consequently,
then，thereby，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly, so,otherwise
1. As a result, she became theprince's bride.
2. Consequently, we opened anaccount at the bank.
11) 用以表示總結(jié)的過渡詞to sum up, finally, in conclusion, atlast, in short，in a word，in the long run，in summary
1. To sum up, Christmas is the most important holiday.
2. In conclusion, a consulate offers more services.
上文已經(jīng)講過，除了過渡詞或詞組之外，起過渡作用的還有代詞、同義詞、連接詞和詞的重復(fù)等。下面分別舉例說明。
1. 起過渡作用的代詞
例：He asked what that meant.
We watched the hikers. They climbed slowly.
以上兩句中的深藍(lán)體字分別起句內(nèi)和句間的過渡作用。
起過渡作用的代詞在下面例子中的作用很大，沒有它，這段文字就不能成立。
It is the most talked-of subject in town. Every family in thecommunity discusses It half a dozen times a day. You mentioned Itto at least one of your friends before you came into the roomtoday. You think about It at least once during every class. Itspassage is steady. It touched everyone. What is It? It is Time.
2. 起過渡作用的同義詞
同義詞用得好，不僅有助于文章的連貫，也增加了文采。例如下文：
Community colleges are like the two-year colleges called juniorcolleges, or "j.c.'s". Both schools prepare students for four-yearcolleges. J.c.'s offer all the courses most four-year colleges asktheir freshmen and sophomores to take. Community colleges also givesuch required courses. But community colleges are also like otherinstitutions called trade schools. Both schools offer technicaltraining. Trade schools give courses in such areas as carpentry,nursing, television repairing, or photography. Community collegeshave complete technical courses for students who do not plan to goon to a university.