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        虛詞類題典及解題方法 連詞

        字號(hào):

        1. 連詞(或連詞短語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)特別提示通常同一個(gè)從屬連接詞所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句放在句尾時(shí),對(duì)于整個(gè)句義有時(shí)在兩個(gè)從句之間不能加逗號(hào),可有時(shí)在兩個(gè)從句之間必須用逗號(hào)分開。但是,并非所有的從屬連接詞所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句都是如此,茲分別說明如下:(1) 有些連接詞所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不能用逗號(hào)分開。這些連接短語(yǔ)主要是:
             ◇as…… as, not so/as……as
             He drove as fast as he could.
             (他車子能開多快就開多快。——他車子開得盡可能地快。)
             She doesn‘t study so (or as) hard as she used to. (她沒有過去用功。)
             ◇so…… that, such…… that
             She had so many children that she didn‘t know what to do.
             (她的孩子多得令她不知道如何是好。)
             I was having such a nice time that I didn‘t want to leave.
             (我玩得開心得不想離開。)
             ◇than
             I like her no better than he does. (我并不比他更喜歡她。)
             ◇till/until
             I will continue to work until my children are out of school.
             (我要繼續(xù)工作一直到我的孩子們完成學(xué)業(yè)為止。)(2)有些連接詞所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句總只是作為補(bǔ)充的說明,因此和主句之間永遠(yuǎn)用逗號(hào)分開。這些連接詞是:
             ◇although, though, even though
             He didn‘t pass the test, even though (or though, although) he studied hard.
             (雖然他很用功,但他還是沒有考及格。)
             ◇no matter what /when /how /etc.
             I‘ll never change my mind, no matter what you say.
             (不管你怎么說,我決不會(huì)改變主意的。)
             I‘ll always love you, no matter what. (無論發(fā)生了什么事情,我永遠(yuǎn)愛你。)
             注意:what之后省略了動(dòng)詞happens.
             Don‘t believe the rumor, no matter how often you hear it.
             (無論你聽到多少次,都不要相信這謠言。)
             ◇since表示“原因”時(shí)。
             He‘s decided not to go to the concert, since he’s not interested in classical music.
             (因?yàn)樗麑?duì)古典音樂沒興趣,他已決定不去聽音樂會(huì)了。)
             ◇whereas, while (=whereas)
             My wife and I are expecting a child. She is hoping for a boy, whereas (or while) I am hoping for a girl. (我太太和我都盼望有個(gè)小孩。她希望有個(gè)男孩,而我卻希望有個(gè)女孩。)
             「語(yǔ)法注釋」雖然whereas和while歸類在從屬連接詞里,由于它的作用是表示前后相反的對(duì)照,而且前后可以對(duì)換,所以從意義而言,兩個(gè)子句并無主從之分。若用對(duì)等連接詞but來代替,對(duì)全句含義并無改變。
             「復(fù)習(xí)題典」
             ☆No one knows for certain the short and longterm effects of these products of gene engineering,(1)there‘s a chance they could lead to the unintentional creation of “superweeds” or interfere with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org.
             (1) [A]while [B]and[C]but [D]or
             ☆Londoners appear more careless than others with their laptops, (2)Danes are most likely to forget their mobile phones, the survey found. In Chicago in the United States, passengers often(3)handheld computers on the back seat.
             (2) [A]when [B]while [C]wherever [D]whenever
             (3) [A]fell behind [B]stayed behind [C]left behind [D]dropped behind☆Now it turns out that tea, (4)chicken soup, is what can give your body an extra kick(極度的刺激)to help it battle infections.
             (4) [A]other than [B]rather than [C]better than [D]more than☆But creating humananimal chimeras, named after a monster in Greek mythology that had a lion‘s head, goat’s body, and serpent‘s tail, has raised troubling questions: What new subhuman(5)should be produced and for what purpose? At what point would it be considered human? And what rights,(6), should it have? There are currently no U.S. federal laws that address these issues.
             (5) [A]combination [B]controversy [C]compromise [D]consensus(6) [A]if possible [B]if necessary [C]if only [D]if any
             ☆Chinese scientists at the Shanghai Second Medical University in 2003 successfully fused human cells with rabbit eggs. The embryos were (7) the first humananimal chimeras successfully created. They were allowed to develop for several clays in a laboratory dish(8)the scientists destroyed the embryos to harvest their stem cells. In Minnesota last year researchers at the Mayo Clinic created pigs with human blood flowing through their bodies.
             (7)[A]remarkably [B]repeatedly [C]reportedly [D]reasonably
             (8)[A]after [B]before [C]since [D]as
             ☆A(yù)nytime you‘re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the brand names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,(9)the other manufactures its corn flakes via(10)environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use sites such as www. responsibleshopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they(11), and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.
             (9)[A]when [B]while [C]as [D]because
             (10)[A]constructive [B]destructive [C]instructive [D]obstructive
             (11)[A]profit [B]propose [C]protect [D]profile
             本小節(jié)答案精解
             (1) [答案][C]but
             [考點(diǎn)]判斷句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
             [解析]前半句的意思是沒有人明確知道轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的短期和長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng),后半句的意思是它們可能導(dǎo)致某種情況,前后意思有轉(zhuǎn)折,因此答案為[C]。
             (2)[答案][B]while
             [考點(diǎn)]判斷句子關(guān)系,選擇合適的連詞。
             [解析]前半句的意思是:“倫敦人對(duì)筆記本電腦似乎比別人更加粗心”,后半句是說:“丹麥人最容易忘記拿手機(jī)”,前后半句是并列的關(guān)系,所以選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞while,[B]是正確答案。
             (3)[答案][C]left behind
             [考點(diǎn)]動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
             [解析]fall behind是“落在后面”,stay behind是“依舊落在后面”,leave behind是“不帶,忘了帶,遺留”,drop behind是“落在……的后面”。根據(jù)上下文,應(yīng)該選left behind,所以選[C]。
             (4)[答案][B]rather than
             [考點(diǎn)]連詞短語(yǔ)辨析,把握和判斷句子成分之間的關(guān)系。
             [解析]other than的意思是“不同于,非”,rather than的意思是“不如說……而不是……”,better than的意思是“比……好”,more than的意思是“比……多”。chicken soup 是插入語(yǔ),起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用,根據(jù)句子意思,[B]是正確答案。這句話的意思是:茶葉而不是雞湯能為人體提供額外的刺激,幫助它對(duì)抗細(xì)菌。
             (5)[答案][A]combination
             [考點(diǎn)]名詞辨析,形容詞與名詞的搭配。
             [解析]combination是“結(jié)合(體),混合(體)”,controversy是“爭(zhēng)論,辯論”,compromise是“妥協(xié),和解”,consensus是“一致同意”??崭袂暗膕ubhuman是“類似人的”,能與其搭配的只有combination,因此選[A]。
             (6) [答案] [D]if any
             [考點(diǎn)]連詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
             [解析]if possible是“如果有可能”,if necessary是“如果有必要”,if only是“要是,只要,要是……多好”,if any是“即便有”。根據(jù)句子意思應(yīng)該選if any,答案是[D]。這句話翻譯過來是:“即使有權(quán)利,它應(yīng)該有哪些?”
             (7) [答案][C]reportedly
             [考點(diǎn)]副詞辨析。
             [解析]remarkably是“引人注目地,異常地”,repeatedly是“一再,再三,多次地”,reportedly是“據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)(傳)說”,reasonably是“合理地,明智地”。根據(jù)詞義可以立即排除[B]選項(xiàng),空格后面是the first,因此前面不能加程度副詞,排除remarkably和reasonably,答案是[C]。
             (8)[答案][B]before
             [考點(diǎn)]連詞選擇,判斷時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句與主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前后順序
             [解析]主句是說那些胚胎會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室器皿里發(fā)育幾天,從句的意思是科學(xué)家出于某種目的把胚胎破壞掉,根據(jù)一般的邏輯關(guān)系,肯定是主句的動(dòng)作在前,所以選擇[B]。
             (9)[答案][B]while
             [考點(diǎn)]連詞辨析,判斷句子的邏輯關(guān)系。
             [解析]根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)鍵詞“one……the other……”和“An easy way to compare two companies”,可見這句話是對(duì)兩類公司的對(duì)比。因此只能選while“而……”,正確答案為[B]。
             (10)[答案][B]destructive
             [考點(diǎn)]形容詞辨析,根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的形容詞。
             [解析]constructive和destructive是一組反義詞,分別是“建設(shè)性的”和“破壞性的”,instructive意思是“有益的,教育意義的”,obstructive意思是“妨礙的”。While之前的句子意思是某個(gè)公司是環(huán)境保護(hù)的擁護(hù)者,那么與之相對(duì)照的是對(duì)環(huán)境有破壞行為的公司,所以正確答案為[B]。
             (11)[答案][D]profile
             [考點(diǎn)]動(dòng)詞辨析,根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的動(dòng)詞。
             [解析]四個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞頭相同,profit意思是“贏利”,profile的詞根為file,應(yīng)與“記錄”有關(guān),意思是“描述,給……寫傳略或概況”,propose為“提議”之意,protect則為“保護(hù)”。本題的關(guān)鍵在于要首先明白“they”的指代,根據(jù)上下文,they指的是上一句中的“sites”,動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是every company,根據(jù)句子的意思,答案應(yīng)該是[D]。這句話的意思是這些網(wǎng)址描述了它們所記錄的各個(gè)公司好的和壞的方面。