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        英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯試題及一些翻譯練習(xí)

        字號(hào):

        全國(guó)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試(TEM8)的翻譯部分(漢譯英)原文全文如下:
            得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道,一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。一個(gè)春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設(shè)宴,一時(shí)賓客云集,笑語(yǔ)四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界,一片繁華,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其間,個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí),一陣被人摒棄,為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。
            閱學(xué)生之譯文,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)問題值得我們教師注意,即如何在動(dòng)筆翻譯前,能迅速正確地確定英譯的主語(yǔ)。如:
            1. 得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道。
            學(xué)生譯文(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“學(xué)譯”):Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.
            學(xué)譯:Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.
            參考譯文:Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.
            我們知道,漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)大多為“意合”結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)構(gòu)松散,以一個(gè)一個(gè)看似并列的短句“拼湊而成,彼此邏輯關(guān)系不明顯;但英語(yǔ)則不同于漢語(yǔ),它是形合語(yǔ)言,非常講究句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系的”外化“,所謂”外化“,即,使用Connectives來(lái)表現(xiàn)其邏輯關(guān)系。我國(guó)譯界有一個(gè)比喻:漢語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)像”竹竿“,是一節(jié)接一節(jié)的;而英語(yǔ)句子則像”葡萄“,主干很短,而”掛“在上面的附加成分則很多??梢哉f(shuō),漢譯英的過(guò)程,是一個(gè)由”竹竿“向”葡萄“轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程。首先要確定”一節(jié)接一節(jié)“的漢語(yǔ)句子,選其中的哪一節(jié)為英句的”(葡萄)主干“。
            上面的漢語(yǔ)原句就含有一定的邏輯關(guān)系?!笆芨改笇檺邸笔且颍霸诩抑袡M行霸道”則是果?!肮睉?yīng)是全句的重心,英譯上句,“(葡萄)主干”當(dāng)選定“在家中橫行霸道”而非學(xué)生譯文所選的“我受父母寵愛”。
            2. 一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。
            學(xué)譯:When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned, getting more and more depressed.
            學(xué)譯:As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in the garden, I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo, gloomily and disappointedly.
            參考譯文:Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.
            漢語(yǔ)原句有“四節(jié)”,哪一部分應(yīng)該成為英句之“主干”?“我頓感打入冷宮”,還是“十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)”?學(xué)譯都把“我頓感打入冷宮”處理為“主干”,而參考譯文則反其道而行之。細(xì)細(xì)分析,“十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)”和 “我頓感打入冷宮”,兩者也有主次關(guān)系。顯然,“十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)”為主,“我頓感打入冷宮”為次。兩者之間,不僅存在時(shí)間先后的順序,而且還存在著邏輯上的“因果”。因此,參考譯文處理得當(dāng)。另一個(gè)值得參考之處在于:“主干”(I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration)的前后均有附加成分,句子顯出“平衡美”。
            3. 一個(gè)春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設(shè)宴,一時(shí)賓客云集,笑語(yǔ)四溢。
            學(xué)譯:At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests were gathering, laughters could be heard everywhere.
            學(xué)譯:On a spring evening, hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while, guests gathered in large number, laughing and talking, which could be heard clearly.
            參考譯文:On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.
            漢語(yǔ)原句的“節(jié)數(shù)”增加到“五節(jié)”。譯成英語(yǔ),仍應(yīng)確定正確的“主干”,兩個(gè)“學(xué)譯”不謀而合,將“園中百花怒放”,而不是“父母在園中設(shè)宴”作為“主干”來(lái)處理。讀來(lái),給人一種觀比薩斜塔的感覺。相比之下,參考譯文則給人一種美感,散發(fā)出濃郁的英語(yǔ)味。原因很簡(jiǎn)單,參考譯文選對(duì)了英譯之“主干” (my parents gave a banquet in the garden)。另外一個(gè)值得記取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是:漢語(yǔ)原句出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)句號(hào),因此80%左右的學(xué)生譯文,也亦步亦趨,硬性譯成了一句,以上兩句“學(xué)譯”也不例外。復(fù)觀參考譯文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),被處理成兩句,從容之中,更多了些干練!
            4. 我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界,一片繁華,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其間,個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。
            學(xué)譯: I stayed in the small flat on the hillside, quietly opened the curtain, caught glimpse of the world in the garden, it was so flourishing: my brothers and sisters, male cousins, were coming and going through, everyone looked pleasant.
            學(xué)譯:In the small cottage on the hillside, secretly I opened the curtain to see the prosperity of the big world in the garden. All of them were delighted, including my brothers, my sisters, and my cousins.
            參考譯文:I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests.
            漢語(yǔ)原句的“節(jié)數(shù)”有了空前的增加:八節(jié)。面對(duì)如此長(zhǎng)的“竹竿句”,“學(xué)譯”顯得有點(diǎn)“技窮”,無(wú)奈之下,以上兩句“學(xué)譯”便依樣畫葫蘆,照漢語(yǔ)原文的感覺走,見一句就譯一句,不考慮“節(jié)”間關(guān)系,不分析時(shí)間先后和邏輯內(nèi)涵。第二句 “學(xué)譯”甚至沒有弄清“自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄”和“個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋”之間的關(guān)系,不明白“個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋”指的就是“自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄”,而錯(cuò)把All of them were delighted當(dāng)作“主干”,而把my brothers, my sisters, and my cousins用including作為其中包含的成員處理。
            復(fù)觀參考譯文,發(fā)現(xiàn)譯者在落下譯筆之前,對(duì)原句的邏輯梳理,非常到位,因此,確定“主干”,也極為果斷?!扒那南破鸫昂煛?、“也穿插其間”分別作了“主干”,英譯就站穩(wěn)了腳跟。特別值得一提的是,譯者在第一個(gè)“主干” (lifted the curtain in my small room)之后,用了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),表示結(jié)果,在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)前添加了一個(gè)副詞only,譯文頓時(shí)生色!這說(shuō)明,除了經(jīng)過(guò)邏輯分析確定“主干”之外,能活用所掌握的詞匯,也極為重要。我們初學(xué)英語(yǔ)之時(shí),就已經(jīng)學(xué)到:only to是一個(gè)很有感情色彩的表達(dá),其含義是:不料竟會(huì)……;沒想到會(huì)……。
            5. 一霎時(shí),一陣被人摒棄,為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。
            學(xué)譯:It was so quick that I felt being deserted by people and by the whole world, bursting into tears.
            學(xué)譯:I couldn't help crying bitter, with a feeing of being abandoned by others flooded in my heart at that moment.
            參考譯文:Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.
            漢語(yǔ)原句的“節(jié)數(shù)”有四節(jié)。若對(duì)句中的最后兩節(jié)略作分析,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)“悲憤兜上心頭”和“禁不住痛哭起來(lái)”之間是一種先后關(guān)系,也略帶因果關(guān)系,但總的來(lái)說(shuō),兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)所占分量大致相同所以處理時(shí),以使用并列句為好,沒有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)主次?!皩W(xué)譯”分別把“悲憤兜上心頭”和 “禁不住痛哭起來(lái)”作為主語(yǔ),另一個(gè)短句作為修飾成分,但讀起來(lái)感覺分句不是太簡(jiǎn)略就是太冗長(zhǎng)。而參考譯文的并列處理則擺平了這兩個(gè)短句,讀起來(lái)通順流暢。
            所以,在選定“主干”時(shí),也應(yīng)當(dāng)避免形而上學(xué)的思維,選擇主句的同時(shí),還要深入分析以下句間真正的關(guān)系所在,在并列或先后關(guān)系的句子中,也不能強(qiáng)行設(shè)立一個(gè)“主干”,而弄巧成拙。