1.開(kāi)頭的寫(xiě)法：萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難，寫(xiě)作文也是如此，但文章的開(kāi)頭很重要。常用的方法有以下幾種：
(1) 背景法：說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情景等背景。
例如：I was once spending the summer holiday in a small seaside village in the South of China. It was a beautiful and quiet place. People do not usually go there.
(2) 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關(guān)人物。
例如：Once upon a time, there was an old honest man named Hans. ... He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden. ... ...
(3) 主題句法：提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明或論述的主題。
(4) 問(wèn)題法：用提問(wèn)的方式來(lái)引出文章的內(nèi)容，以引起讀者的注意力。例如： What is the nature of the scientific attitude? What is the harmfulness of fake commodities?
(5) 驚語(yǔ)法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開(kāi)頭，激起讀者的興趣。例如：A 39-story building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.
(6) 故事法：以講故事的形式作為文章的開(kāi)頭，在此基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)文章。多用語(yǔ)記敘文，也可用語(yǔ)議論文。例如在"A Day to Remember", "The Man I Respected Most"這樣的文章中就可以用這樣的方法開(kāi)頭。
(7) 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)被證實(shí)的數(shù)字來(lái)引起話題。例如， "Smoking"一文可以這樣開(kāi)頭：It is reported that 1.5 billion people in the world smoke.
(8) 引語(yǔ)法：引用名人名言或常見(jiàn)習(xí)語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)等作為文章的開(kāi)頭。例如：Rome was not built in a day. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Every coin has two sides. A friend in need is a friend indeed. etc.
(9) 定義法：常見(jiàn)于對(duì)標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過(guò)舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。例如： A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.
2. 正文的寫(xiě)法
(1) 演繹法：(deductive organization)
從一般到個(gè)別。把帶普遍性和概括性的句子放在段首，段落中其他的句子就是對(duì)主題句的具體化，是對(duì)主題句的具體說(shuō)明。
(2) 歸納法：(inductive organization)
從特殊到一般。具體、個(gè)別的事例出發(fā)，總結(jié)出一般的規(guī)律。
3.結(jié)尾的寫(xiě)法
(1) 簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)或作結(jié)論：文章的最后幾句概括全文內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點(diǎn)。例如：In short, we can say that science to human being is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bandage of Nature. Science itself is innocent, but sometimes man has misused it.
(2) 重復(fù)主題句： 回到文章的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到再次肯定或強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。
(3) 用反問(wèn)句結(jié)尾：雖然形式是疑問(wèn)句，但意義是肯定的，具有很明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，能引起讀者的思考。例如：If there were no homework on weekends, students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Isn't that both beneficial to students and teachers?
(4) 提出展望或希望：對(duì)未來(lái)提出展望或希望，號(hào)召讀者為此而行動(dòng)。例如：Dear fellows, let's unite as one to fight for the prosperity of our motherland. Let's shoulder our responsibilities and fight for the happiness of the whole world.
(5) 引用名人名言、諺語(yǔ)、常用習(xí)語(yǔ)結(jié)尾。例如： "Early to bed and early to rise makesa person healthy, wealthy and wise."
(1) 背景法：說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情景等背景。
例如：I was once spending the summer holiday in a small seaside village in the South of China. It was a beautiful and quiet place. People do not usually go there.
(2) 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關(guān)人物。
例如：Once upon a time, there was an old honest man named Hans. ... He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden. ... ...
(3) 主題句法：提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明或論述的主題。
(4) 問(wèn)題法：用提問(wèn)的方式來(lái)引出文章的內(nèi)容，以引起讀者的注意力。例如： What is the nature of the scientific attitude? What is the harmfulness of fake commodities?
(5) 驚語(yǔ)法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開(kāi)頭，激起讀者的興趣。例如：A 39-story building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.
(6) 故事法：以講故事的形式作為文章的開(kāi)頭，在此基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)文章。多用語(yǔ)記敘文，也可用語(yǔ)議論文。例如在"A Day to Remember", "The Man I Respected Most"這樣的文章中就可以用這樣的方法開(kāi)頭。
(7) 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)被證實(shí)的數(shù)字來(lái)引起話題。例如， "Smoking"一文可以這樣開(kāi)頭：It is reported that 1.5 billion people in the world smoke.
(8) 引語(yǔ)法：引用名人名言或常見(jiàn)習(xí)語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)等作為文章的開(kāi)頭。例如：Rome was not built in a day. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Every coin has two sides. A friend in need is a friend indeed. etc.
(9) 定義法：常見(jiàn)于對(duì)標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過(guò)舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。例如： A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.
2. 正文的寫(xiě)法
(1) 演繹法：(deductive organization)
從一般到個(gè)別。把帶普遍性和概括性的句子放在段首，段落中其他的句子就是對(duì)主題句的具體化，是對(duì)主題句的具體說(shuō)明。
(2) 歸納法：(inductive organization)
從特殊到一般。具體、個(gè)別的事例出發(fā)，總結(jié)出一般的規(guī)律。
3.結(jié)尾的寫(xiě)法
(1) 簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)或作結(jié)論：文章的最后幾句概括全文內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點(diǎn)。例如：In short, we can say that science to human being is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bandage of Nature. Science itself is innocent, but sometimes man has misused it.
(2) 重復(fù)主題句： 回到文章的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到再次肯定或強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。
(3) 用反問(wèn)句結(jié)尾：雖然形式是疑問(wèn)句，但意義是肯定的，具有很明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，能引起讀者的思考。例如：If there were no homework on weekends, students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Isn't that both beneficial to students and teachers?
(4) 提出展望或希望：對(duì)未來(lái)提出展望或希望，號(hào)召讀者為此而行動(dòng)。例如：Dear fellows, let's unite as one to fight for the prosperity of our motherland. Let's shoulder our responsibilities and fight for the happiness of the whole world.
(5) 引用名人名言、諺語(yǔ)、常用習(xí)語(yǔ)結(jié)尾。例如： "Early to bed and early to rise makesa person healthy, wealthy and wise."