5. 連接副詞考點(1) 重點復習內(nèi)容
連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)是考研英語完形和閱讀理解復習中的必備利器,應(yīng)該精讀這一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。所謂連接副詞,即是具有副詞作用的對等連接詞的作用、連接兩個獨立的句子或從句的副詞。如:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, thus, so, then, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, all the same, for example, for instance等。舉例說明如下:
◇It was cold. Nonetheless, I went swimming.
(那天很冷。但是,我還是去游泳了。)
◇It was raining; nevertheless, we went to the zoo.
(天正下著雨;但是,我們還是去動物園了。)
◇It was hot. Therefore, we went swimming.
(那天很熱。所以,我們?nèi)ビ斡玖?。?BR> ◇Last night‘s typhoon damaged the power lines; consequently,the whole city was without electricity for several hours.
(昨晚的臺風把電線損毀了;結(jié)果,全市停電了好幾個小時。)
◇It‘s too late to go home now. Moreover, it’s beginning to rain.
(現(xiàn)在太晚了不能回家,況且,又開始下雨了。)
◇I‘m too tired to go; furthermore, it is too late.
(我太累不能去;況且,又太遲了。)
◇You‘d better hurry; otherwise, you will be late.
(你趕快;否則,你會遲到。)(2) ??嫉倪B接副詞之比較說明
第1組moreover, furthermore, besides與in addition四者的含義相同,都作“此外,而且”講。在非正式的場合也可用anyway, anyhow, in any case代替。如:
◇ I like to read that newspaper. The news is always reported accurately. Moreover (or Furthermore, Besides, In addition), it has interesting special features.
(我喜歡看那份報紙。消息報道得一直很正確,而且有些有趣的特別報道。)
◇The bill cannot be paid as yet; besides, (or anyway, in any case), the work is not completed.
(目前還不能付錢,而且工作還沒有完成。)
此句中as yet的含義是“到現(xiàn)在”,相當于“up to now”。
◇I did not like the house; in addition, it was too highpriced.
(我不喜歡那房屋,況且價格太高。)
第2組however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet與still的含義相似,都是作“可是,雖然”講,相當于“but anyway/anyhow”,“(al) though, even though”。如:
◇She was very sad; however (or nevertheless, nonetheless, still), she smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
(=She was very sad, yet she still smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
=She was very sad, but she smiled and pretended to be having a good time anyway.)
(她非常悲傷,可是她還是帶著微笑假裝很快樂的樣子。)
◇We have to go on foot; still, we‘ll get there.
(=Although [or Though] we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.
=Even though we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.)
(我們只好步行,雖然如此,我們還是會到達那里。)
第3組therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence與thus的含義大致相似,都相當于“so(所以,因此)”。如:
◇The weather was cold; therefore, we stayed home.
(天氣寒冷。因此,我們待在家里。)
◇He told me the circumstances; accordingly, I acted.
(他告訴了我一切情況,于是我遵照辦理。)
◇My boss just approved the purchase order, hence let‘s confirm a delivery date.
(老板剛才批準了這項購物訂單,所以我們來確定一個交貨的日期。)
◇They found that the new plan was hard to carry out; thus they decided to go back to their original one.
(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那項新計劃難以實現(xiàn),于是決定回過來采用原先的計劃。)
第4組then用作連接副詞時有三個含義:一為“此外,而且”,相當于“besides”;二為“因此”,相當于“therefore”;三為“然后”相當于“afterwards”。如:
◇ I love my job; then (or besides) it pays so well.
(我熱愛我的工作,而且待遇又這么好。)
◇You broke the window, then (or therefore) you should pay for it.
(你打破了窗子,因此你應(yīng)該賠償。)
◇He used to beat his wife when he was drunk; then, next morning, he told her how sorry he was.
(他過去常在喝醉酒的時候打他的太太,然后,第二天早晨,又向她深致歉意。)
第5組on the contrary與on the other hand的含義不同,不能互相代換。
On the contrary是用在“前面否定了他人所言,相反的,后面才是事實”的結(jié)構(gòu)里,所以前面通常都是否定的句子或子句;on the other hand是用來表示“前面雖是事實,然而后面也是事實”。再者,on the contrary前后的主詞是指同一對象,后者則不盡然。如:
◇They are not rich. On the contrary, they are poor.
(他們不富有,相反的,他們貧窮。)
◇Mary is rich. On the other hand, John is poor.
(瑪麗富有??墒?,約翰貧窮。)
◇He is not fat, but on the contrary, he is thin.
(他不胖,相反的,他很瘦。)
◇Some people are fat, but on the other hand, others are thin.
(有些人胖,可是,又有些人瘦。)
◇Some people prefer to live in the country; on the other hand, others prefer to live in town.
(有些人比較喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下,可是,也有些人倒喜歡住在城里。)
◇It‘s not a very nice apartment. On the other hand, it’s cheap.
(那不是個非常好的公寓??墒?,很便宜。)
◇The job wasn‘t very interesting. But on the other hand, it was wellpaid.
(這工作不是很有趣??墒谴龊谩#?BR> 第6組all the same與on the other hand的含義與用法都同,相當于“however”。如:
◇He‘s not doing a very good job. All the same, you’ve got to admit that he‘s doing his best.
◇He‘s not very reliable, but all the same I like him.
(or He‘s not very reliable, but I like him all the same.)
(他不是非??煽?,可是我還是喜歡他。)
第7組 for example與for instance都可作“例如”講,用法也大致相同。如:
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. For example (or For instance), the botanical garden has numerous displays of plants from all over the world.
(這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,植物園里有許多來自世界各地的植物展示。)
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The art museum, for instance (or for example), has an excellent collection of modern paintings.
(這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,美術(shù)館有非常好的現(xiàn)代畫收藏。)
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example, (or such as) the botanical garden and the art museum.
(這個城市有許多有趣的地方可以游覽,例如植物園和美術(shù)館。)
「復習題典」☆The National Academy of Sciences, which advises the U. S. government, has been studying the issue. In March it plans to present voluntary ethical guidelines for researchers. A chimera is a mixture of two or more(1)in one body. Not all are considered troubling,(2)。
(1)[A]species [B]types [C]sorts [D]specimens
(2)[A]however [B]although [C]though [D]moreover☆An estimated 11,300 laptop computers, 31,400 handheld computers and 200,000 mobile telephones have been left in taxis around the world during the last six months, according to a survey. Taxi drivers in nine cities also said they had found a range of other items(3)by passengers, including a harp, 37 milk bottles and some artificial limbs. One driver said he(4)found a baby in his taxi.
(3)[A]claimed [B]found [C]left [D]declared
(4)[A]even [B]still [C]however [D]somehow
本小節(jié)答案精解
(1)[答案][A]species
[考點]名詞辨析。
[解析]species是“物種”,type是“類型,種類,品種”,sort是“品種,種類”,specimen是“樣本,標本,抽樣”。[D]可以立即排除,type和sort的意思相近,是干擾項,同時排除,因此答案是[A]。
(2)[答案][C]though
[考點]連詞與連接副詞用法辨析。
[解析] however(副詞)常用于句子之間,前后用逗號隔開,although(連詞)可用在句首和句中,但不能用于句末,moreover表示遞進邏輯關(guān)系,用于句首和句中,不能用于句末。四個詞中能放在句末的只有 though=nevertheless是連接副詞,意為“可是 ,然而,不過”。
(3)[答案][C]left
[考點]過去分詞辨析,同時考核句型find sth. +補語(過去分詞)。
[解析]claim是“認領(lǐng),索取”,find是“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,leave是“丟下,遺忘”,declare是“申報 (納稅品、房地產(chǎn)、收益等)”。從文章第一句話可以看出,主題是有關(guān)顧客遺忘在出租車上的物品,那么這里選[C]left.
(4)[答案][A]even
[考點]連接副詞辨析,判斷前后兩句話在意思上的強調(diào)語氣。
[解析]上面一句話說出租車司機發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客遺忘的東西有一把豎琴,37個奶瓶和一些假肢,這句話說一個司機在車里找到了一個嬰兒,前面提到的都是無生命的東西,把這些東西丟在車上還情有可原,有的人居然能把活生生的孩子也忘在車上,確實讓人難以置信,兩句話在意思上是遞進的關(guān)系,所以選擇[A]even.
連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)是考研英語完形和閱讀理解復習中的必備利器,應(yīng)該精讀這一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。所謂連接副詞,即是具有副詞作用的對等連接詞的作用、連接兩個獨立的句子或從句的副詞。如:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, thus, so, then, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, all the same, for example, for instance等。舉例說明如下:
◇It was cold. Nonetheless, I went swimming.
(那天很冷。但是,我還是去游泳了。)
◇It was raining; nevertheless, we went to the zoo.
(天正下著雨;但是,我們還是去動物園了。)
◇It was hot. Therefore, we went swimming.
(那天很熱。所以,我們?nèi)ビ斡玖?。?BR> ◇Last night‘s typhoon damaged the power lines; consequently,the whole city was without electricity for several hours.
(昨晚的臺風把電線損毀了;結(jié)果,全市停電了好幾個小時。)
◇It‘s too late to go home now. Moreover, it’s beginning to rain.
(現(xiàn)在太晚了不能回家,況且,又開始下雨了。)
◇I‘m too tired to go; furthermore, it is too late.
(我太累不能去;況且,又太遲了。)
◇You‘d better hurry; otherwise, you will be late.
(你趕快;否則,你會遲到。)(2) ??嫉倪B接副詞之比較說明
第1組moreover, furthermore, besides與in addition四者的含義相同,都作“此外,而且”講。在非正式的場合也可用anyway, anyhow, in any case代替。如:
◇ I like to read that newspaper. The news is always reported accurately. Moreover (or Furthermore, Besides, In addition), it has interesting special features.
(我喜歡看那份報紙。消息報道得一直很正確,而且有些有趣的特別報道。)
◇The bill cannot be paid as yet; besides, (or anyway, in any case), the work is not completed.
(目前還不能付錢,而且工作還沒有完成。)
此句中as yet的含義是“到現(xiàn)在”,相當于“up to now”。
◇I did not like the house; in addition, it was too highpriced.
(我不喜歡那房屋,況且價格太高。)
第2組however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet與still的含義相似,都是作“可是,雖然”講,相當于“but anyway/anyhow”,“(al) though, even though”。如:
◇She was very sad; however (or nevertheless, nonetheless, still), she smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
(=She was very sad, yet she still smiled and pretended to be having a good time.
=She was very sad, but she smiled and pretended to be having a good time anyway.)
(她非常悲傷,可是她還是帶著微笑假裝很快樂的樣子。)
◇We have to go on foot; still, we‘ll get there.
(=Although [or Though] we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.
=Even though we have to go on foot, we‘ll get there.)
(我們只好步行,雖然如此,我們還是會到達那里。)
第3組therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence與thus的含義大致相似,都相當于“so(所以,因此)”。如:
◇The weather was cold; therefore, we stayed home.
(天氣寒冷。因此,我們待在家里。)
◇He told me the circumstances; accordingly, I acted.
(他告訴了我一切情況,于是我遵照辦理。)
◇My boss just approved the purchase order, hence let‘s confirm a delivery date.
(老板剛才批準了這項購物訂單,所以我們來確定一個交貨的日期。)
◇They found that the new plan was hard to carry out; thus they decided to go back to their original one.
(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那項新計劃難以實現(xiàn),于是決定回過來采用原先的計劃。)
第4組then用作連接副詞時有三個含義:一為“此外,而且”,相當于“besides”;二為“因此”,相當于“therefore”;三為“然后”相當于“afterwards”。如:
◇ I love my job; then (or besides) it pays so well.
(我熱愛我的工作,而且待遇又這么好。)
◇You broke the window, then (or therefore) you should pay for it.
(你打破了窗子,因此你應(yīng)該賠償。)
◇He used to beat his wife when he was drunk; then, next morning, he told her how sorry he was.
(他過去常在喝醉酒的時候打他的太太,然后,第二天早晨,又向她深致歉意。)
第5組on the contrary與on the other hand的含義不同,不能互相代換。
On the contrary是用在“前面否定了他人所言,相反的,后面才是事實”的結(jié)構(gòu)里,所以前面通常都是否定的句子或子句;on the other hand是用來表示“前面雖是事實,然而后面也是事實”。再者,on the contrary前后的主詞是指同一對象,后者則不盡然。如:
◇They are not rich. On the contrary, they are poor.
(他們不富有,相反的,他們貧窮。)
◇Mary is rich. On the other hand, John is poor.
(瑪麗富有??墒?,約翰貧窮。)
◇He is not fat, but on the contrary, he is thin.
(他不胖,相反的,他很瘦。)
◇Some people are fat, but on the other hand, others are thin.
(有些人胖,可是,又有些人瘦。)
◇Some people prefer to live in the country; on the other hand, others prefer to live in town.
(有些人比較喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下,可是,也有些人倒喜歡住在城里。)
◇It‘s not a very nice apartment. On the other hand, it’s cheap.
(那不是個非常好的公寓??墒?,很便宜。)
◇The job wasn‘t very interesting. But on the other hand, it was wellpaid.
(這工作不是很有趣??墒谴龊谩#?BR> 第6組all the same與on the other hand的含義與用法都同,相當于“however”。如:
◇He‘s not doing a very good job. All the same, you’ve got to admit that he‘s doing his best.
◇He‘s not very reliable, but all the same I like him.
(or He‘s not very reliable, but I like him all the same.)
(他不是非??煽?,可是我還是喜歡他。)
第7組 for example與for instance都可作“例如”講,用法也大致相同。如:
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. For example (or For instance), the botanical garden has numerous displays of plants from all over the world.
(這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,植物園里有許多來自世界各地的植物展示。)
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The art museum, for instance (or for example), has an excellent collection of modern paintings.
(這個都市里有許多有趣的地方可以參觀。例如,美術(shù)館有非常好的現(xiàn)代畫收藏。)
◇There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example, (or such as) the botanical garden and the art museum.
(這個城市有許多有趣的地方可以游覽,例如植物園和美術(shù)館。)
「復習題典」☆The National Academy of Sciences, which advises the U. S. government, has been studying the issue. In March it plans to present voluntary ethical guidelines for researchers. A chimera is a mixture of two or more(1)in one body. Not all are considered troubling,(2)。
(1)[A]species [B]types [C]sorts [D]specimens
(2)[A]however [B]although [C]though [D]moreover☆An estimated 11,300 laptop computers, 31,400 handheld computers and 200,000 mobile telephones have been left in taxis around the world during the last six months, according to a survey. Taxi drivers in nine cities also said they had found a range of other items(3)by passengers, including a harp, 37 milk bottles and some artificial limbs. One driver said he(4)found a baby in his taxi.
(3)[A]claimed [B]found [C]left [D]declared
(4)[A]even [B]still [C]however [D]somehow
本小節(jié)答案精解
(1)[答案][A]species
[考點]名詞辨析。
[解析]species是“物種”,type是“類型,種類,品種”,sort是“品種,種類”,specimen是“樣本,標本,抽樣”。[D]可以立即排除,type和sort的意思相近,是干擾項,同時排除,因此答案是[A]。
(2)[答案][C]though
[考點]連詞與連接副詞用法辨析。
[解析] however(副詞)常用于句子之間,前后用逗號隔開,although(連詞)可用在句首和句中,但不能用于句末,moreover表示遞進邏輯關(guān)系,用于句首和句中,不能用于句末。四個詞中能放在句末的只有 though=nevertheless是連接副詞,意為“可是 ,然而,不過”。
(3)[答案][C]left
[考點]過去分詞辨析,同時考核句型find sth. +補語(過去分詞)。
[解析]claim是“認領(lǐng),索取”,find是“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”,leave是“丟下,遺忘”,declare是“申報 (納稅品、房地產(chǎn)、收益等)”。從文章第一句話可以看出,主題是有關(guān)顧客遺忘在出租車上的物品,那么這里選[C]left.
(4)[答案][A]even
[考點]連接副詞辨析,判斷前后兩句話在意思上的強調(diào)語氣。
[解析]上面一句話說出租車司機發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客遺忘的東西有一把豎琴,37個奶瓶和一些假肢,這句話說一個司機在車里找到了一個嬰兒,前面提到的都是無生命的東西,把這些東西丟在車上還情有可原,有的人居然能把活生生的孩子也忘在車上,確實讓人難以置信,兩句話在意思上是遞進的關(guān)系,所以選擇[A]even.