過渡性詞語在一篇文章中的作用舉足輕重，一篇文章中句與句、段落與段落之間各種關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)都離不開過渡性詞語，而作者貫通思想脈絡，使段落思想表達清晰、流暢的“萬金油”也是非過渡性詞語莫屬了！
it is not the fine coat that makes the gentleman.
使人成為君子的并不是講究的衣著。
[活動教室]
passage 1.
physical punishment
physical punishment has been a problem in hitting their children so they can have discipline or not hitting them because it is not right，1）can parents do and what can they not do？should the parents hit them to learn discipline，2）they not hit them and figure out another way to make them learn what discipline is？
3）many parents do not know or are confused in showing their children how to gain discipline，they do not know whether to hit them or not to hit them. many people think that by hitting their children that they are showing them violence 4）other people say that if you do the children would understand that they did something wrong and would not repeat it and gain discipline. what can parents do？
first of all，parents feel that the children are theirs，and they can spank them when they misbehave. there are many factors that lead to physical punishment：parents were too young and not ready for children，parents are going through a divorce and need to take out their anger on something or someone，5）parents do not know another way to punish their children. these children grow up to be aggressive and often abusive towards others. 6）parents think this is the only way of educating their children，there are many other alternatives.
there are other alternatives to punishing the children for their bad behavior. there are less severe punishments besides spanking. 7），they can take away their television privileges，computer use，and playing outside with their friends. next，they could ground them for the weekend and cancel plans. 8）parents could take the time to sit and talk to their children about their bad behavior.
physical punishment may cause a child psychological problems. first，if the physical punishment starts at an early age，the child will be used to being physically punished，9），his or her selfesteem may severely negative as he or she grows up. second，it is a lifeaffecting act to physically punish a child because they will be traumatized. 10）parents should think twice before they can physically punish their children. what they should think of is what problems they are causing the child in its life.
in conclusion，every parent must take consideration that the negative affects that spanking may cause a child.
pride hurts，modesty benefits.
滿招損，謙受益。答案與解析：
1.答案〖so what〗解析：由該句結(jié)尾處的問號及and后的what可推斷空格內(nèi)應為疑問詞what，且為使上下文連貫順暢，填入so what最恰當。
2.答案〖or should〗解析：此處是和上半句形成并列關(guān)系的句式，因此應重復should并加上表示選擇疑問的or.
3.答案〖because〗解析：此處需要一個表原因并能夠引領(lǐng)下文的單詞，我們選用because.在這種情況下我們常會想到兩個詞，because 和for，通常情況下兩個表“原因”的連詞是可以互相代用的。because多用于表示直接原因，for可以表示原因又可以用于提出說明，語氣比前者輕得多。because引導的從句一般放在主句后，有時也可放在主句前，而for引導的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答why的問句時，只能用because而不能用for.再者，for不能跟not……but句式連用，如：（1）i did it not because i liked it but because i had to do it.（正確）（2）i did it not for i liked it but for i had to do it.（錯誤）
4.答案〖but〗解析：該空格前后為兩種截然不同的觀點，故此處用表轉(zhuǎn)折的but順理成章。轉(zhuǎn)折、承接性的連接詞的學習和運用看似簡單，實際上彼此很容易混淆，如果這部分知識掌握不扎實，就很難達到練就地道英語的目的?，F(xiàn)在我們來比較一下相關(guān)的詞語： but，however，still，nevertheless，yet這些詞的詞義接近，都表示轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步。
（1）but用來引出微弱的相反的意見，是口語常用語，如：sally was amused，but i was very embarrassed.薩莉很開心，但我卻很尷尬。
（2）however比but的詞義還要弱些，并不直接引出相反的意見，因此常用作插入語，如：the most surprising thing about it，however，is that it can land anywhere.不過，答案〖but〗解析：關(guān)于這架飛機最使人吃驚的事情是，它可以在任何地方著陸。
（3）still還，還是，如：it is true that winter is over；still，it is almost as cold.冬天已經(jīng)過去了，這是事實，但天氣還是那么冷。
（4）nevertheless的含義為即使做出完全的讓步，也沒有任何影響，或者說也不是決定因素，如：there was no news；nevertheless，she went on hoping.一點消息也沒有，但她仍抱著希望。
（5）yet的含義為即使做出極端的讓步，也不會發(fā)生期待的結(jié)果，如：he worked hard，yet，he failed.他干得很賣力，然而卻失敗了。
a man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.
害怕痛苦的人其實已經(jīng)在承受他所害怕的痛苦了。
5.答案〖or〗解析：在進行事物等的羅列時，我們常會用到的有and（表純粹的并列），or（不然，否則。意思比較豐富），還有就是單純用逗號連接。現(xiàn)在我們來具體體會一下單詞or.
（1）表選擇，當主句的人稱與數(shù)不一致時，動詞隨最近的主語而變化，可解釋為“或，或者；還是”，如：john or you are in class two.約翰或你在二班。
（2）表示不明確，在翻譯時不直接譯出，“大約，或者”，如：two or three miles兩三里（距離）
（3）引導同義詞或說明語，“或者說，即”，如：late last night or rather early this morning昨晚深夜，或更確切地說今天一大早。
（4）常和else連用，“否則，要不然”，如：make haste，or（else）youll be late.快點，要不然就晚了。
（5）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中否定前后二者，“不……也不”如：he cannot read or write.他既不會讀也不會寫。
（6）表讓步，“不管……還是”，如：rain or shine，ill go.不管下不下雨，我都去。
6.答案〖although〗解析：根據(jù)句意填入表“雖然……但是”的承接詞最恰當。在使用although時，請大家特別注意，主句中不能再用 but，但可用副詞nevertheless，yet等，在多數(shù)情況下，可與though通用，也可簡寫成altho，但在正式文章中不宜簡寫。
7.答案〖first〗解析：本段的主要內(nèi)容是告訴父母們?nèi)绾问褂酶訙睾偷姆椒▉斫逃⒆?。這段條理很清楚，主要是一些教育方法的列舉，因此這個空格在稍后的next一詞的提示下我們可得出答案是first.
8.答案〖last of all〗解析：該段的最后一條內(nèi)容，也可用finally或the third.這是一段飽含勸解的文字，相比之下如果我們使用finally或the third就顯得有些生硬，不夠生動。所以last of all是我們的首選。
9.答案〖therefore〗解析：此處需要一個承上啟下的詞，用“因此”最恰當。therefore多用于推理，“因此，因而”，如：he was the only candidate；therefore，he was elected.他是惟一的候選人，因此他當選了。
10.答案〖eventually〗解析：修飾整句的副詞，表“最后”，如：he worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.他工作太賣力，最后自己病倒了。
adversity is a good disciple.
逆境是鍛煉人的場所。
passage 2.
pros and cons of having hands in the pockets
there are far more pros for students having their hands in their pockets.
1）lets look at the comparisons and weigh up the results of the two anyway.
lets look at the cons to start with. the main con is that mr. pinto is against students having hands in their pockets.
2）why is mr. pinto against hands in pockets？as he has explained，he feels that it is disrespectful，for he believes that when your hands are in your pockets，you are not listening properly.
3）there is the belief of the nineteen sixties and seventies that when young men or women have their hands in their pockets，it will lead to them masturbating. this was frowned upon at the time
4）now it is more acceptable. this may also be a contributing factor to why mr. pinto has made a stand against hands in the pockets. for he is old enough to have lived through and taken in these rudimentary views（no disrespect intended）。
5）the pros can easily rebut the allegation of the cons. young men as energetic as they will be are constantly requiring to do something. think of the pockets as a restraining device to prevent fidgeting and fooling around with other students.
in this way，the pockets prevent students from being distracted from the speaker
6）the subject they should be observant of. this prevents the students from having a disrespectful response.
7）comes the comfort factor. students claim that it is more comfortable to have their hands in their pockets when they are standing up. heed that it is proven that people have longer attention spans，listen more attentively，and remain calmer and more relaxed when more comfortable. this leads to a greater increase in the productivity of the studentsactions or listening skills.
8）it has been proven students having their hands in their pockets will make them better and more attentive listeners and prevent them from getting up to mischief. is it better the students have their hands in their own pockets than be fooling around in someone else？
答案與解析：
1.答案〖nevertheless〗解析：本詞意思是：（盡管如此）還是，仍然。作者在文章的一開頭就提出了一個觀點，即對于學生雙手插兜的現(xiàn)象，贊成的態(tài)度多一些。該詞起到引領(lǐng)全文的作用，即便我們有這樣的認識，還是應該看一下具體的討論和比較。nevertheless有即便做出讓步，影響仍很小的含義。
2.答案〖still〗解析：該詞在此是一個連詞，表示“但是，仍然”，如：he is dull；still he tries hard.雖然笨，可是他很刻苦。該詞在句中起強調(diào)的作用。
art is long，life is short.
人生有涯藝無涯。
3.答案〖〗also解析〖〗為承接上一段的內(nèi)容，繼續(xù)列舉人們對于學生將手插兜的不贊成觀點，這里用表示“也，還是”的詞來連接上下文。當提到“也，還是”含義的詞時，我們不禁會想到很多常用的同義詞，除also之外還有too，likewise，besides，moreover， furthermore等，現(xiàn)在我們來回顧這些詞的用法：所有這些副詞都是介紹附加內(nèi)容之用的。相比之下，also在語氣上比too正式一些，試比較： he is gentle，but he is also capable of fierce intellectual combat. 他很溫和，但他也能夠進行激烈的斗智。if you buy a car，youll need a parking place，too.如果你買輛車，你還需要一個停車場。再看likewise，它比also更加正式，并可能暗示各成分之間的平等和相似，如：you forgot to mention that her parents were likewise going to attend the ceremony.你忘了提到她父母也可能去參加儀式。besides經(jīng)常引出一個加強前面內(nèi)容的成分，如：i dont feel like cooking；besides，theres no food in the house.我不想做飯，而且家里已經(jīng)沒有可吃的東西了。moreover強調(diào)要出現(xiàn)事物的重要性，如the cellar was dark and forbidding；moreover，i knew a family of mice had nested there.這個地窖陰森可怕，而且我知道那有一窩老鼠。furthermore同moreover類似，常強調(diào)要出現(xiàn)事物的重要性，如：i dont want you to go，furthermore，i forbid it.我不想讓你去，而且我也禁止你去。
4.答案〖whereas〗解析：本詞意思是：然而，反之，鑒于。和十九世紀六十年代相比，現(xiàn)在的觀點有所變化，故用連詞“然而，反之”連接兩個時期的看法。
5.答案〖however〗解析：說過了人們對于雙手插兜的反面看法后，至此該引入對這一問題的正面看法了，因此用however“不管用何種方法”引導。該段主要在說明正面作用多于負面作用。
6.答案〖or〗解析：在這段中提到了和反面觀點不同的看法，即青年學生雙手插兜可以集中他們對關(guān)注的人或事的注意力，從而提升他們對關(guān)注對象的尊敬感?？崭袂昂鬄椴⒘嘘P(guān)系的人和事，我們知道通常人只能在同一時間與人或物打交道，何況這里還有一種強調(diào)專一的意思存在，因此我們使用or“或者”，而不用 and“和”之類的詞語。
a crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.
身不正，影必斜。
7.答案〖then〗解析：本詞意思是：然后，之后，后來，如：i cooked the meat and then i washed the pot.我燒好肉，然后刷了鍋。then表承接，跟隨剛才提到的關(guān)于學生雙手插兜的現(xiàn)象的正面分析之后出現(xiàn)了一系列更能佐證正面效果的結(jié)論。
8.答案〖as〗解析：本詞意思是：（表原因）由于，既然。文章的結(jié)尾段對全篇進行總結(jié)歸納，主要內(nèi)容為：既然學生雙手插兜能夠收斂他們的注意力，使他們不再淘氣，那么將手放入口袋不是比吊兒郎當更好嗎。這里的一個詞組fool around常用于口語中，意為“吊兒郎當”。
[友情提示]
記住常用的過渡性詞語，多多益善。因為這對于你的文章至少會有三大好處：一、通順連貫；二、句式多變，三、湊點字數(shù)。
you cant eat your cake and have it also.
世事兩難全。
it is not the fine coat that makes the gentleman.
使人成為君子的并不是講究的衣著。
[活動教室]
passage 1.
physical punishment
physical punishment has been a problem in hitting their children so they can have discipline or not hitting them because it is not right，1）can parents do and what can they not do？should the parents hit them to learn discipline，2）they not hit them and figure out another way to make them learn what discipline is？
3）many parents do not know or are confused in showing their children how to gain discipline，they do not know whether to hit them or not to hit them. many people think that by hitting their children that they are showing them violence 4）other people say that if you do the children would understand that they did something wrong and would not repeat it and gain discipline. what can parents do？
first of all，parents feel that the children are theirs，and they can spank them when they misbehave. there are many factors that lead to physical punishment：parents were too young and not ready for children，parents are going through a divorce and need to take out their anger on something or someone，5）parents do not know another way to punish their children. these children grow up to be aggressive and often abusive towards others. 6）parents think this is the only way of educating their children，there are many other alternatives.
there are other alternatives to punishing the children for their bad behavior. there are less severe punishments besides spanking. 7），they can take away their television privileges，computer use，and playing outside with their friends. next，they could ground them for the weekend and cancel plans. 8）parents could take the time to sit and talk to their children about their bad behavior.
physical punishment may cause a child psychological problems. first，if the physical punishment starts at an early age，the child will be used to being physically punished，9），his or her selfesteem may severely negative as he or she grows up. second，it is a lifeaffecting act to physically punish a child because they will be traumatized. 10）parents should think twice before they can physically punish their children. what they should think of is what problems they are causing the child in its life.
in conclusion，every parent must take consideration that the negative affects that spanking may cause a child.
pride hurts，modesty benefits.
滿招損，謙受益。答案與解析：
1.答案〖so what〗解析：由該句結(jié)尾處的問號及and后的what可推斷空格內(nèi)應為疑問詞what，且為使上下文連貫順暢，填入so what最恰當。
2.答案〖or should〗解析：此處是和上半句形成并列關(guān)系的句式，因此應重復should并加上表示選擇疑問的or.
3.答案〖because〗解析：此處需要一個表原因并能夠引領(lǐng)下文的單詞，我們選用because.在這種情況下我們常會想到兩個詞，because 和for，通常情況下兩個表“原因”的連詞是可以互相代用的。because多用于表示直接原因，for可以表示原因又可以用于提出說明，語氣比前者輕得多。because引導的從句一般放在主句后，有時也可放在主句前，而for引導的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答why的問句時，只能用because而不能用for.再者，for不能跟not……but句式連用，如：（1）i did it not because i liked it but because i had to do it.（正確）（2）i did it not for i liked it but for i had to do it.（錯誤）
4.答案〖but〗解析：該空格前后為兩種截然不同的觀點，故此處用表轉(zhuǎn)折的but順理成章。轉(zhuǎn)折、承接性的連接詞的學習和運用看似簡單，實際上彼此很容易混淆，如果這部分知識掌握不扎實，就很難達到練就地道英語的目的?，F(xiàn)在我們來比較一下相關(guān)的詞語： but，however，still，nevertheless，yet這些詞的詞義接近，都表示轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步。
（1）but用來引出微弱的相反的意見，是口語常用語，如：sally was amused，but i was very embarrassed.薩莉很開心，但我卻很尷尬。
（2）however比but的詞義還要弱些，并不直接引出相反的意見，因此常用作插入語，如：the most surprising thing about it，however，is that it can land anywhere.不過，答案〖but〗解析：關(guān)于這架飛機最使人吃驚的事情是，它可以在任何地方著陸。
（3）still還，還是，如：it is true that winter is over；still，it is almost as cold.冬天已經(jīng)過去了，這是事實，但天氣還是那么冷。
（4）nevertheless的含義為即使做出完全的讓步，也沒有任何影響，或者說也不是決定因素，如：there was no news；nevertheless，she went on hoping.一點消息也沒有，但她仍抱著希望。
（5）yet的含義為即使做出極端的讓步，也不會發(fā)生期待的結(jié)果，如：he worked hard，yet，he failed.他干得很賣力，然而卻失敗了。
a man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.
害怕痛苦的人其實已經(jīng)在承受他所害怕的痛苦了。
5.答案〖or〗解析：在進行事物等的羅列時，我們常會用到的有and（表純粹的并列），or（不然，否則。意思比較豐富），還有就是單純用逗號連接。現(xiàn)在我們來具體體會一下單詞or.
（1）表選擇，當主句的人稱與數(shù)不一致時，動詞隨最近的主語而變化，可解釋為“或，或者；還是”，如：john or you are in class two.約翰或你在二班。
（2）表示不明確，在翻譯時不直接譯出，“大約，或者”，如：two or three miles兩三里（距離）
（3）引導同義詞或說明語，“或者說，即”，如：late last night or rather early this morning昨晚深夜，或更確切地說今天一大早。
（4）常和else連用，“否則，要不然”，如：make haste，or（else）youll be late.快點，要不然就晚了。
（5）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中否定前后二者，“不……也不”如：he cannot read or write.他既不會讀也不會寫。
（6）表讓步，“不管……還是”，如：rain or shine，ill go.不管下不下雨，我都去。
6.答案〖although〗解析：根據(jù)句意填入表“雖然……但是”的承接詞最恰當。在使用although時，請大家特別注意，主句中不能再用 but，但可用副詞nevertheless，yet等，在多數(shù)情況下，可與though通用，也可簡寫成altho，但在正式文章中不宜簡寫。
7.答案〖first〗解析：本段的主要內(nèi)容是告訴父母們?nèi)绾问褂酶訙睾偷姆椒▉斫逃⒆?。這段條理很清楚，主要是一些教育方法的列舉，因此這個空格在稍后的next一詞的提示下我們可得出答案是first.
8.答案〖last of all〗解析：該段的最后一條內(nèi)容，也可用finally或the third.這是一段飽含勸解的文字，相比之下如果我們使用finally或the third就顯得有些生硬，不夠生動。所以last of all是我們的首選。
9.答案〖therefore〗解析：此處需要一個承上啟下的詞，用“因此”最恰當。therefore多用于推理，“因此，因而”，如：he was the only candidate；therefore，he was elected.他是惟一的候選人，因此他當選了。
10.答案〖eventually〗解析：修飾整句的副詞，表“最后”，如：he worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.他工作太賣力，最后自己病倒了。
adversity is a good disciple.
逆境是鍛煉人的場所。
passage 2.
pros and cons of having hands in the pockets
there are far more pros for students having their hands in their pockets.
1）lets look at the comparisons and weigh up the results of the two anyway.
lets look at the cons to start with. the main con is that mr. pinto is against students having hands in their pockets.
2）why is mr. pinto against hands in pockets？as he has explained，he feels that it is disrespectful，for he believes that when your hands are in your pockets，you are not listening properly.
3）there is the belief of the nineteen sixties and seventies that when young men or women have their hands in their pockets，it will lead to them masturbating. this was frowned upon at the time
4）now it is more acceptable. this may also be a contributing factor to why mr. pinto has made a stand against hands in the pockets. for he is old enough to have lived through and taken in these rudimentary views（no disrespect intended）。
5）the pros can easily rebut the allegation of the cons. young men as energetic as they will be are constantly requiring to do something. think of the pockets as a restraining device to prevent fidgeting and fooling around with other students.
in this way，the pockets prevent students from being distracted from the speaker
6）the subject they should be observant of. this prevents the students from having a disrespectful response.
7）comes the comfort factor. students claim that it is more comfortable to have their hands in their pockets when they are standing up. heed that it is proven that people have longer attention spans，listen more attentively，and remain calmer and more relaxed when more comfortable. this leads to a greater increase in the productivity of the studentsactions or listening skills.
8）it has been proven students having their hands in their pockets will make them better and more attentive listeners and prevent them from getting up to mischief. is it better the students have their hands in their own pockets than be fooling around in someone else？
答案與解析：
1.答案〖nevertheless〗解析：本詞意思是：（盡管如此）還是，仍然。作者在文章的一開頭就提出了一個觀點，即對于學生雙手插兜的現(xiàn)象，贊成的態(tài)度多一些。該詞起到引領(lǐng)全文的作用，即便我們有這樣的認識，還是應該看一下具體的討論和比較。nevertheless有即便做出讓步，影響仍很小的含義。
2.答案〖still〗解析：該詞在此是一個連詞，表示“但是，仍然”，如：he is dull；still he tries hard.雖然笨，可是他很刻苦。該詞在句中起強調(diào)的作用。
art is long，life is short.
人生有涯藝無涯。
3.答案〖〗also解析〖〗為承接上一段的內(nèi)容，繼續(xù)列舉人們對于學生將手插兜的不贊成觀點，這里用表示“也，還是”的詞來連接上下文。當提到“也，還是”含義的詞時，我們不禁會想到很多常用的同義詞，除also之外還有too，likewise，besides，moreover， furthermore等，現(xiàn)在我們來回顧這些詞的用法：所有這些副詞都是介紹附加內(nèi)容之用的。相比之下，also在語氣上比too正式一些，試比較： he is gentle，but he is also capable of fierce intellectual combat. 他很溫和，但他也能夠進行激烈的斗智。if you buy a car，youll need a parking place，too.如果你買輛車，你還需要一個停車場。再看likewise，它比also更加正式，并可能暗示各成分之間的平等和相似，如：you forgot to mention that her parents were likewise going to attend the ceremony.你忘了提到她父母也可能去參加儀式。besides經(jīng)常引出一個加強前面內(nèi)容的成分，如：i dont feel like cooking；besides，theres no food in the house.我不想做飯，而且家里已經(jīng)沒有可吃的東西了。moreover強調(diào)要出現(xiàn)事物的重要性，如the cellar was dark and forbidding；moreover，i knew a family of mice had nested there.這個地窖陰森可怕，而且我知道那有一窩老鼠。furthermore同moreover類似，常強調(diào)要出現(xiàn)事物的重要性，如：i dont want you to go，furthermore，i forbid it.我不想讓你去，而且我也禁止你去。
4.答案〖whereas〗解析：本詞意思是：然而，反之，鑒于。和十九世紀六十年代相比，現(xiàn)在的觀點有所變化，故用連詞“然而，反之”連接兩個時期的看法。
5.答案〖however〗解析：說過了人們對于雙手插兜的反面看法后，至此該引入對這一問題的正面看法了，因此用however“不管用何種方法”引導。該段主要在說明正面作用多于負面作用。
6.答案〖or〗解析：在這段中提到了和反面觀點不同的看法，即青年學生雙手插兜可以集中他們對關(guān)注的人或事的注意力，從而提升他們對關(guān)注對象的尊敬感?？崭袂昂鬄椴⒘嘘P(guān)系的人和事，我們知道通常人只能在同一時間與人或物打交道，何況這里還有一種強調(diào)專一的意思存在，因此我們使用or“或者”，而不用 and“和”之類的詞語。
a crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.
身不正，影必斜。
7.答案〖then〗解析：本詞意思是：然后，之后，后來，如：i cooked the meat and then i washed the pot.我燒好肉，然后刷了鍋。then表承接，跟隨剛才提到的關(guān)于學生雙手插兜的現(xiàn)象的正面分析之后出現(xiàn)了一系列更能佐證正面效果的結(jié)論。
8.答案〖as〗解析：本詞意思是：（表原因）由于，既然。文章的結(jié)尾段對全篇進行總結(jié)歸納，主要內(nèi)容為：既然學生雙手插兜能夠收斂他們的注意力，使他們不再淘氣，那么將手放入口袋不是比吊兒郎當更好嗎。這里的一個詞組fool around常用于口語中，意為“吊兒郎當”。
[友情提示]
記住常用的過渡性詞語，多多益善。因為這對于你的文章至少會有三大好處：一、通順連貫；二、句式多變，三、湊點字數(shù)。
you cant eat your cake and have it also.
世事兩難全。