142.The article entitled 'Eating Iron' in last month's issue of Eating for Health reported that a recent study found a correlation between high levels of iron in the diet and an increased risk of heart disease. Further， it is well established that there is a link between large amounts of red meat in the diet and heart disease， and red meat is high in iron. On the basis of the study and the well-established link between red meat and heart disease， we can conclude that the correlation between high iron levels and heart disease， then， is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease.
    析題：仔細(xì)讀過(guò)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這道題有點(diǎn)繞，很多考生曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的困惑：“我沒(méi)有理解最后一句話的意思is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease.是說(shuō)high iron level于heart disease之間的關(guān)系是red meat與heart disease之間有關(guān)的結(jié)果那作者到底是認(rèn)為high iron level和heart disease之間有沒(méi)有關(guān)系阿？”再讀之下，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)作者其實(shí)做了一個(gè)順接推論：red meat引起心臟病——> red meat里面還有大量的鐵——> 高鐵引起心臟病，就是這么一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的推論過(guò)程，關(guān)鍵認(rèn)清誰(shuí)推出誰(shuí)，就要在審題時(shí)注意到關(guān)鍵的這么看似不經(jīng)意卻被友好的ETS“重復(fù)兩次”的短語(yǔ)“well established”，也就是說(shuō)“大量紅肉與心臟病之間一定有聯(lián)系”是不容質(zhì)疑的論據(jù)，即本題論據(jù)是不容批駁的，關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題在于由論據(jù)推導(dǎo)出結(jié)論的時(shí)候犯了“Implicit causal claims”和“gratuitous assumptions”（詳細(xì)邏輯謬誤分類見(jiàn)后文“七宗罪”），因而我們就可以以次展開(kāi)攻擊。很多來(lái)自網(wǎng)上的文章和提綱在本題上顛倒了推導(dǎo)對(duì)象，把“高鐵引起心臟病”作為論據(jù)來(lái)推出“red meat引起心臟病”，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致文章失誤。下面讀者可通過(guò)以下范文檢驗(yàn)一下該論證過(guò)程和思路：