在英語中，為了避免重復，句子中的某些部分經常省略，給考生的理解增加了困難。在近幾年的NMET中，省略現(xiàn)象十分常見，為幫助考生更好地迎戰(zhàn)高考，現(xiàn)對省略現(xiàn)象總結如下
一、并列復合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well，but that one doesn't (work well).
這個尋呼機工作正常，但那個就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234
units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.
所有的鈾原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。
二、在when，while，if， as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，
where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語和be動詞。
1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水純凈時，是無色的液體。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困難時總是找她幫助。
3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.
如果有什么錯誤，就應當改正。(if后省略了there are)
4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木頭燃燒時，它放出很多煙。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 這封信留在這里待領。
6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。
7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她盡管體弱，但學習仍十分努力。
三、當見到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+
possible/necessary等”時，可理解中間省略了it is(或was)。
1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能，請不看書回答這些問題。
2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要時你可以幫助我們做些事。
四、有形式主語it的主語從句可省略that。
1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack. 外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。
2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很榮幸被邀請參加你的生日聚會。
3. It's a pity (that) you can't operate a computer.很遺憾，你不會操作計算機。
4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.這是我第三次來中國。
五、在限制性定語從句中可省略作賓語的關系代詞whom，which，that。
1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
那就是我們上周議論的淘氣男孩。
六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距離)，time(時間)，times(倍數)等后面所
接的定語從句中常省略that，which，in which。
1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我們移動物體的方向是可以改變的。
2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距離是30萬公里。
七、以there be開頭的句子，其主語的定語從句?？墒÷躁P聯(lián)詞，而there be結構作定語從句
時，省略作主語的關系代詞。
1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
李博士也許有機會能回來過五一節(jié)。
2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject.
我們必須把所有關于這個題目的書列出一個單子。
八、命令句、驚嘆句、部分第一人稱的陳述句、部分問句和答句中省略最為常見。
1. Open the door!開門!
2. Why not?為什么不?
3. Why so?為什么這樣?
4. Anybody wishing to go?誰愿意去啊?
九、用so，not或其它手段來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句義，是NMET的?？柬椖?。
1.—Can Emily do this work?
埃米莉能做這件工作嗎?
—I think so.我想她行。
—I think not (或I don't think so).我想她不行。
2.—Did you know anything about it?這件事你以前知道嗎?
—Not until you told me.你告訴了我，才知道。
3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
他走了，誰也不知道他去什么地方了。
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)! 詹妮有辦法!
十、當用強調句型強調疑問詞時，常省略強調句型中的that。
1. When was it (that) you received his e-mail? 你收到他的電子郵件是什么時候?
2. We don't know who it was (that) called the doctor?我們不知道是誰請了醫(yī)生?
十一、某些形容詞要求后面接一固定的介詞短語，若接一從句，則只用that或疑問詞直接引
出從句，從而省略原有的介詞。
1. We are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture.我們可以肯定，空氣是混合物。
2. She is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time.她懷疑她能否按時完成。
十二、用to表示前述動詞(包括謂語或非謂語動詞)及其短語。
1. You may go online if you like (to) (go online).你如果想上網就可以上網。
2. Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
當這男孩想玩電子游戲時，沒有東西可阻礙他玩。
十三、在某些動詞后含有賓語補語或主語補語的復合結構中省略to be或being的情況。
1. They found the answer (to be) correct.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)答案正確。
2. This conclusion proved (to be) correct.這個結論原來是正確的。
十四、新聞標題要求簡練醒目，需根據上下文的語境推敲其省略部分。
1. Boy 14，rescued from cliff face.
從峭壁上救下14歲的男孩(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)。
2. American President to fly to London.
美國總統(tǒng)將飛往倫敦(American President is to fly to London.)。
十五、注意在一些固定短語中某些介詞的省略。
have trouble (in) sleeping難于入睡。
spend one's evenings (in) reading novels把晚上的時間花費在看小說上。
be busy (in) doing sth. (他)忙于做某事。
They are (of) the same age. 他們年齡相同。
There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.這件事再向她解釋是無用的。
He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.
他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的實驗。
省略常見考點講解
為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：
（一）簡單句中的省略 1、省略主語
(1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略。如： (I)Beg your pardon. (請再說一遍?！ㄌ杻葹槭÷缘脑~語，下同)
(2)其它省略主語多限于少數現(xiàn)成的說法。如：
①（I）Thank you for your help. ②（I）See you tomorrow. ③（It）Doesn’t matter.
2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。如：
①（There is）No smoking.(禁止吸煙。) ②(Is there)Anything else?(還有其它事嗎？)
③(You come)This way,please.(請這邊走。) ④(Will you)Have a smoke?(吸支煙？)
⑤What(do you think)about a cup of tea? ⑥Why(do you)not say hello to him?(為何不向他問好呢？)
3、省略賓語
（1）省略賓語的全部。如： ①---Do you know Miss Gao? -----I don’t know (her).
②----Which of the two is the better choice?----Well,it’s hard to tell (it).
(2)在一定的語境中，在某些動詞（如want,wish,hope,like,love等）之后，可省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to。如： ①-----Are you going there?-----I’d like to (go there).
②He didn’t give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).
如果該賓語是be動詞或是動詞的完成時態(tài)，則須在to之后加be或have。如：
③--Are you an engineer?--No,but I want to be(an engineer).
④--He hasn’t finished the task yet.---Well,he ought to have(finished the task).
4、省略表語。如： ①----Are you thirsty?-----Yes,I am(thirsty).
②His brother is not lazy,nor is his sister(lazy).
5、同時省略幾個成分。如： ①---Are you feeling better now?--(I am feeling )Much better (now).
②--Have you finished your work?--(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.
(二)并列句中的省略
兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一個分句中相同的部分。如：
① My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
② I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.
(三)主從復合句中的省略
1、句中有一些成分被省略（多見于句首）。如：
①(I’m)Sorry to hear that you are ill. ②(It is)Pity we live so far from the sea.
2、省略了從句中與主句相同的部分。如：
①They don’t visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents).
②My friend can’t come to school,but I wonder why(he can’t come).
3、省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。如：
①----She must be busy now.----If so,she can’t go with us.
②----Is he feeling better today?----I’m afraid not.
類似的用法還有：How so?/Why so?/Is that so?/Do you think so?/Quite so./He said so./I hope so./I don’t think so./I suppose not./I believe not./I hope not，等。
4、句和從句各有一些成分被省略。如：
①The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).
②----Is Mr King in his office?----(I’m)Sorry,I don’t know(whether he is or not).
（四）其它省略
英語省略的情況還有很多，下面歸納幾種需要注意的情況：
1、that的省略
(1)賓語從句中常省略連詞 that,但并列多個賓語從句中，只能省略第一個that。
(2)在定語從句中，通常當that在從句中作賓語時，才能省略。如：
The noodles (that)I cooked were delicious.
(3)在主語從句、同位語從句中that很少省略（口語中有省略），在表語從句中偶爾省略。
2、不定式符號to的省略
（1）并列的不定式，前面的不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省去to。如：①I told him to sit down and wait a while.
但是，如果兩個不定式之間有對比關系，則不可省去to。如：
Hearing the news,we didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
（2）某些使役動詞（如make,let,have）及感官動詞（如see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,look at,listen to等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須把to復原。比較：
I saw the boy fall from the tree./The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
He often makes his sister cry,but today he was made to cry by his sister.
(3)find當“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，后面作賓語補足語不定式的符號to可以省去，也可以不省。如：
We found him(to)work hard at the experiment.
但如果不定式是to be則to不能省略。如： She found him to be dishonest.
(4)help當“幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓語補足語的不定式符號to可省，也可不省。如：
I will help(to)do it for you./I will help you(to)do it.
(5)介詞but,except前若有動詞do,后面的動詞不定式不帶to。如：
① The boy does nothing but play all day.
② The animals have nothing to do but lie down and sleep in winter.
(6)主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的動詞不定式的to可帶可不帶。如：What we can do now is (to) wait.
3、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序要有變化。（見“倒裝句”有關部分）
4、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省去“主語+be”部分，如：
① As(he was)a child,he often asked many interesting questions. ② I’m going with you if(I am)free.
③ He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.
5、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語是it，其后的動詞be及其主語可一起省略。如：
① Fill in the blanks with articles,if(it is)necessary.
② Whenever(it was)possible,they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
6、在than和as引導的比較狀語從句中，在意義明確的情況下，可省略than和as后的任何部分。如：
① I know you than he(knows you). ② I know you than(I know)him.
③ In winter,it is colder here than(it is cold)in your hometown. ④ I’m nearly as tall as he(is).
專項題組訓練
1.He became a good player_____in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
2._____green,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
3.-----The patient feels better.-----I know_______.
A.he feels B.he does C.he does so D.he does it
4.----Have you been here long?-----_________.
A.Not much B.Yes,only little C.No,only yesterday D.No,not very
5.----Do you need a new dictionary in your English study?---No,____.
A.I have some to do it B.there are some already
C.I think I have some that will do D.I’m having some dictionaries
6.I told him to sit down and_____for a moment.
A.waits B.waited C.wait D.waiting
7.My father is a doctor and my mother________.
A.nurse B.a nurse C.be a nurse D.is nurse
一、并列復合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well，but that one doesn't (work well).
這個尋呼機工作正常，但那個就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234
units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.
所有的鈾原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。
二、在when，while，if， as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，
where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語和be動詞。
1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水純凈時，是無色的液體。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困難時總是找她幫助。
3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.
如果有什么錯誤，就應當改正。(if后省略了there are)
4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木頭燃燒時，它放出很多煙。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 這封信留在這里待領。
6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。
7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她盡管體弱，但學習仍十分努力。
三、當見到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+
possible/necessary等”時，可理解中間省略了it is(或was)。
1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能，請不看書回答這些問題。
2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要時你可以幫助我們做些事。
四、有形式主語it的主語從句可省略that。
1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack. 外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。
2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很榮幸被邀請參加你的生日聚會。
3. It's a pity (that) you can't operate a computer.很遺憾，你不會操作計算機。
4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.這是我第三次來中國。
五、在限制性定語從句中可省略作賓語的關系代詞whom，which，that。
1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
那就是我們上周議論的淘氣男孩。
六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距離)，time(時間)，times(倍數)等后面所
接的定語從句中常省略that，which，in which。
1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我們移動物體的方向是可以改變的。
2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距離是30萬公里。
七、以there be開頭的句子，其主語的定語從句?？墒÷躁P聯(lián)詞，而there be結構作定語從句
時，省略作主語的關系代詞。
1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
李博士也許有機會能回來過五一節(jié)。
2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject.
我們必須把所有關于這個題目的書列出一個單子。
八、命令句、驚嘆句、部分第一人稱的陳述句、部分問句和答句中省略最為常見。
1. Open the door!開門!
2. Why not?為什么不?
3. Why so?為什么這樣?
4. Anybody wishing to go?誰愿意去啊?
九、用so，not或其它手段來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句義，是NMET的?？柬椖?。
1.—Can Emily do this work?
埃米莉能做這件工作嗎?
—I think so.我想她行。
—I think not (或I don't think so).我想她不行。
2.—Did you know anything about it?這件事你以前知道嗎?
—Not until you told me.你告訴了我，才知道。
3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
他走了，誰也不知道他去什么地方了。
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)! 詹妮有辦法!
十、當用強調句型強調疑問詞時，常省略強調句型中的that。
1. When was it (that) you received his e-mail? 你收到他的電子郵件是什么時候?
2. We don't know who it was (that) called the doctor?我們不知道是誰請了醫(yī)生?
十一、某些形容詞要求后面接一固定的介詞短語，若接一從句，則只用that或疑問詞直接引
出從句，從而省略原有的介詞。
1. We are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture.我們可以肯定，空氣是混合物。
2. She is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time.她懷疑她能否按時完成。
十二、用to表示前述動詞(包括謂語或非謂語動詞)及其短語。
1. You may go online if you like (to) (go online).你如果想上網就可以上網。
2. Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
當這男孩想玩電子游戲時，沒有東西可阻礙他玩。
十三、在某些動詞后含有賓語補語或主語補語的復合結構中省略to be或being的情況。
1. They found the answer (to be) correct.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)答案正確。
2. This conclusion proved (to be) correct.這個結論原來是正確的。
十四、新聞標題要求簡練醒目，需根據上下文的語境推敲其省略部分。
1. Boy 14，rescued from cliff face.
從峭壁上救下14歲的男孩(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)。
2. American President to fly to London.
美國總統(tǒng)將飛往倫敦(American President is to fly to London.)。
十五、注意在一些固定短語中某些介詞的省略。
have trouble (in) sleeping難于入睡。
spend one's evenings (in) reading novels把晚上的時間花費在看小說上。
be busy (in) doing sth. (他)忙于做某事。
They are (of) the same age. 他們年齡相同。
There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.這件事再向她解釋是無用的。
He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.
他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的實驗。
省略常見考點講解
為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：
（一）簡單句中的省略 1、省略主語
(1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略。如： (I)Beg your pardon. (請再說一遍?！ㄌ杻葹槭÷缘脑~語，下同)
(2)其它省略主語多限于少數現(xiàn)成的說法。如：
①（I）Thank you for your help. ②（I）See you tomorrow. ③（It）Doesn’t matter.
2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。如：
①（There is）No smoking.(禁止吸煙。) ②(Is there)Anything else?(還有其它事嗎？)
③(You come)This way,please.(請這邊走。) ④(Will you)Have a smoke?(吸支煙？)
⑤What(do you think)about a cup of tea? ⑥Why(do you)not say hello to him?(為何不向他問好呢？)
3、省略賓語
（1）省略賓語的全部。如： ①---Do you know Miss Gao? -----I don’t know (her).
②----Which of the two is the better choice?----Well,it’s hard to tell (it).
(2)在一定的語境中，在某些動詞（如want,wish,hope,like,love等）之后，可省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to。如： ①-----Are you going there?-----I’d like to (go there).
②He didn’t give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).
如果該賓語是be動詞或是動詞的完成時態(tài)，則須在to之后加be或have。如：
③--Are you an engineer?--No,but I want to be(an engineer).
④--He hasn’t finished the task yet.---Well,he ought to have(finished the task).
4、省略表語。如： ①----Are you thirsty?-----Yes,I am(thirsty).
②His brother is not lazy,nor is his sister(lazy).
5、同時省略幾個成分。如： ①---Are you feeling better now?--(I am feeling )Much better (now).
②--Have you finished your work?--(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.
(二)并列句中的省略
兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一個分句中相同的部分。如：
① My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
② I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.
(三)主從復合句中的省略
1、句中有一些成分被省略（多見于句首）。如：
①(I’m)Sorry to hear that you are ill. ②(It is)Pity we live so far from the sea.
2、省略了從句中與主句相同的部分。如：
①They don’t visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents).
②My friend can’t come to school,but I wonder why(he can’t come).
3、省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。如：
①----She must be busy now.----If so,she can’t go with us.
②----Is he feeling better today?----I’m afraid not.
類似的用法還有：How so?/Why so?/Is that so?/Do you think so?/Quite so./He said so./I hope so./I don’t think so./I suppose not./I believe not./I hope not，等。
4、句和從句各有一些成分被省略。如：
①The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).
②----Is Mr King in his office?----(I’m)Sorry,I don’t know(whether he is or not).
（四）其它省略
英語省略的情況還有很多，下面歸納幾種需要注意的情況：
1、that的省略
(1)賓語從句中常省略連詞 that,但并列多個賓語從句中，只能省略第一個that。
(2)在定語從句中，通常當that在從句中作賓語時，才能省略。如：
The noodles (that)I cooked were delicious.
(3)在主語從句、同位語從句中that很少省略（口語中有省略），在表語從句中偶爾省略。
2、不定式符號to的省略
（1）并列的不定式，前面的不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省去to。如：①I told him to sit down and wait a while.
但是，如果兩個不定式之間有對比關系，則不可省去to。如：
Hearing the news,we didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
（2）某些使役動詞（如make,let,have）及感官動詞（如see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,look at,listen to等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須把to復原。比較：
I saw the boy fall from the tree./The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
He often makes his sister cry,but today he was made to cry by his sister.
(3)find當“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，后面作賓語補足語不定式的符號to可以省去，也可以不省。如：
We found him(to)work hard at the experiment.
但如果不定式是to be則to不能省略。如： She found him to be dishonest.
(4)help當“幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓語補足語的不定式符號to可省，也可不省。如：
I will help(to)do it for you./I will help you(to)do it.
(5)介詞but,except前若有動詞do,后面的動詞不定式不帶to。如：
① The boy does nothing but play all day.
② The animals have nothing to do but lie down and sleep in winter.
(6)主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的動詞不定式的to可帶可不帶。如：What we can do now is (to) wait.
3、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序要有變化。（見“倒裝句”有關部分）
4、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省去“主語+be”部分，如：
① As(he was)a child,he often asked many interesting questions. ② I’m going with you if(I am)free.
③ He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.
5、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語是it，其后的動詞be及其主語可一起省略。如：
① Fill in the blanks with articles,if(it is)necessary.
② Whenever(it was)possible,they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
6、在than和as引導的比較狀語從句中，在意義明確的情況下，可省略than和as后的任何部分。如：
① I know you than he(knows you). ② I know you than(I know)him.
③ In winter,it is colder here than(it is cold)in your hometown. ④ I’m nearly as tall as he(is).
專項題組訓練
1.He became a good player_____in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
2._____green,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
3.-----The patient feels better.-----I know_______.
A.he feels B.he does C.he does so D.he does it
4.----Have you been here long?-----_________.
A.Not much B.Yes,only little C.No,only yesterday D.No,not very
5.----Do you need a new dictionary in your English study?---No,____.
A.I have some to do it B.there are some already
C.I think I have some that will do D.I’m having some dictionaries
6.I told him to sit down and_____for a moment.
A.waits B.waited C.wait D.waiting
7.My father is a doctor and my mother________.
A.nurse B.a nurse C.be a nurse D.is nurse