英譯漢中省略 （ 1 ）——★動(dòng)詞的省略★
無論是英語還是漢語都有省略，但在翻譯過程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)英語省略了的漢語要補(bǔ)充，漢語可省略的英語不一定能省略。這就要求我們了解英語的省略用法，然后根據(jù)具體情況決定翻譯時(shí)候是省略還是補(bǔ)充。英譯漢句中主要有動(dòng)詞的省略、名詞的省略、修飾語的省略和相同結(jié)構(gòu)里的省略。
例一： How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends on the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.(1995 年英譯漢真題 )
分析 ： depends on ... and on ... 是典型的動(dòng)詞省略，由于漢語里"取決于......同時(shí)還取決于......"不能有省略，所以翻譯時(shí)要補(bǔ)充。
例二： New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance. (1996 年英譯漢真題 )
分析 ： as they have 后面顯然省略了動(dòng)詞 arisen , 英語這樣省略是因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)用過了 arise ，再用就是多余；漢語如果也想省略 , 那就要把整個(gè)從句提到句首，譯為"像過去一樣" (they have 也被省略掉了），否則就要補(bǔ)充稱"就像它們?cè)谶^去已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一樣"。
例四： Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (2000 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： and hence the help 可補(bǔ)充成 and hence requires the help , 這在英語里是多余的，在漢語里卻必須的，因?yàn)椴谎a(bǔ)充漢語句子明顯不通。
英譯漢中省略 （ 2 ）——★名詞的省略★
例一： But even more important ,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past , for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析：英語中形容詞級(jí)后面經(jīng)常省略名詞， the farthest 實(shí)際上等于 the farthest strip of enormous cosmic clouds, 漢語中沒有這種表達(dá)法，所以要對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。
例二： Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： cosmic inflation 實(shí)際上等于 cosmic inflation theory , 省略名詞 theory 是因?yàn)榍懊嬉活}翻譯已經(jīng)用過了這個(gè)詞，為了在表達(dá)上有些變化，作者使用了省略。由于漢語不怕重復(fù)，譯文里要補(bǔ)充 theory 這個(gè)詞。
例三： It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： 由于整篇文章討論歷史學(xué)研究，句中的 activity 和 technique 前面都省略了名詞 research , 譯成漢語如果不補(bǔ)充就會(huì)造成表達(dá)不清楚。
無論是英語還是漢語都有省略，但在翻譯過程中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)英語省略了的漢語要補(bǔ)充，漢語可省略的英語不一定能省略。這就要求我們了解英語的省略用法，然后根據(jù)具體情況決定翻譯時(shí)候是省略還是補(bǔ)充。英譯漢句中主要有動(dòng)詞的省略、名詞的省略、修飾語的省略和相同結(jié)構(gòu)里的省略。
例一： How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends on the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.(1995 年英譯漢真題 )
分析 ： depends on ... and on ... 是典型的動(dòng)詞省略，由于漢語里"取決于......同時(shí)還取決于......"不能有省略，所以翻譯時(shí)要補(bǔ)充。
例二： New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance. (1996 年英譯漢真題 )
分析 ： as they have 后面顯然省略了動(dòng)詞 arisen , 英語這樣省略是因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)用過了 arise ，再用就是多余；漢語如果也想省略 , 那就要把整個(gè)從句提到句首，譯為"像過去一樣" (they have 也被省略掉了），否則就要補(bǔ)充稱"就像它們?cè)谶^去已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一樣"。
例四： Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (2000 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： and hence the help 可補(bǔ)充成 and hence requires the help , 這在英語里是多余的，在漢語里卻必須的，因?yàn)椴谎a(bǔ)充漢語句子明顯不通。
英譯漢中省略 （ 2 ）——★名詞的省略★
例一： But even more important ,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past , for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析：英語中形容詞級(jí)后面經(jīng)常省略名詞， the farthest 實(shí)際上等于 the farthest strip of enormous cosmic clouds, 漢語中沒有這種表達(dá)法，所以要對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。
例二： Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： cosmic inflation 實(shí)際上等于 cosmic inflation theory , 省略名詞 theory 是因?yàn)榍懊嬉活}翻譯已經(jīng)用過了這個(gè)詞，為了在表達(dá)上有些變化，作者使用了省略。由于漢語不怕重復(fù)，譯文里要補(bǔ)充 theory 這個(gè)詞。
例三： It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. (1998 年英譯漢真題 )
分析： 由于整篇文章討論歷史學(xué)研究，句中的 activity 和 technique 前面都省略了名詞 research , 譯成漢語如果不補(bǔ)充就會(huì)造成表達(dá)不清楚。