作者:angeikim
第一類型:關(guān)于書寫的方式是落后的，沒有現(xiàn)代記錄方式的先進(jìn)性，比如說攝像,數(shù)碼等方式。
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of co
ntemporary life that it as become a more important form of documentation than written records."
"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
原因之一是因?yàn)閮Υ娣绞降倪M(jìn)步，數(shù)碼保存方式是在傳統(tǒng)的模擬信號方式的基礎(chǔ)之上的改進(jìn)，并且有諸如保存時間長，不易受環(huán)境的影響，無限制的重復(fù)使用,攜帶方便,便于傳播等優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其是比如錄像等方式可以提供視覺上,聽覺上等多種感官刺激，這是前人或者說以往的方式上無法提供的,也無法比擬的.這個也是題目7所持觀點(diǎn)的依據(jù)之一.但是同時我們不能忽略其易修改性,即容易根據(jù)制作人的態(tài)度以及目的所容易修改,復(fù)制，所以一般的電視節(jié)目或者科普資料都帶有明顯的拍攝者的意圖,也就是說其在某一方面以及某議程度上的不客觀性,帶有一定的個人色彩。而如果談到這個角度，大家就也應(yīng)該看看第110題,是說當(dāng)談到歷史的時候,我們就都變成了講故事的人,既說歷史學(xué)家都不全是客觀的重現(xiàn)歷史.類似這樣的觀點(diǎn),大家可以參照TIME,也就是時代周刊上的一個ESSAY,題目是: when artists distort history, written by Lance Morrow(time, dec, 23, 1991, p.84).這篇文章是從藝術(shù)家扭曲歷史的角度來談的。大家也可以從由中國友誼出版公司出版的<時代經(jīng)典用詞> 系列的人文篇找到這篇ESSAY.這套書一共五本，四本分類用詞,一本單詞書,如果大家平時不知道怎么樣的表達(dá)方式,書寫方式是美國主流社會所承認(rèn)以及使用的，大家可以參看這本書里面的一些例句。我個人認(rèn)為這套書的另外一個比較好的地方就是把在一些領(lǐng)域內(nèi)比較重要(或者體現(xiàn)社會變遷,或者體現(xiàn)價值觀,或者歷史方面等)的詞匯以及其來由比較詳盡的列舉出來了。大家如果平時做GRE寫作苦于沒有素材以及例子的話，不妨看看這套書。(聲明一下,這絕非廣告!而在文化或者社會方面大家也可以找到類似的題目，也就是書不重要了,我們應(yīng)該放棄閱讀之類的觀點(diǎn)。
1. position: For
在支持方面的觀點(diǎn)大家可以從新型方式的先進(jìn)性入手,比如說是可視性,可聽性,易查找性,共享性,娛樂性的提高,更容易被大眾所接受,可以擴(kuò)大這些文件的影響.比如一些虛擬圖書館的存在.大家可以談到一些比較年代久遠(yuǎn)的書一年或者幾年才可以打開一次,這樣就限制了傳播的范圍.
同樣也可以談到傳統(tǒng)的方式的局限性,比如不易保存,容易遺失,影響面相對較小等.例子方面可以談到圖書館的保存方式,現(xiàn)在都在進(jìn)行資料的更新.
2. position: Against
大家可以著重談這些方式的主觀性的局限,比如很容易受到拍攝者或者制作者的觀點(diǎn)的影響,或者是娛樂性減弱了對資料的吸收,例如快餐文化,以及一些文件是無法用先進(jìn)的方式重現(xiàn)的.
第二，是把個人的得失與歷史相聯(lián)系的一類題目,比如我們做過的36題,和48題, 241題.
"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
"An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
這個部分三個題目都是關(guān)于個人以及個人成就的問題。到底什么樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用來衡量一個人的成就？時間評判一切嗎?而在歷史的長河里面,個人的作用到底有多少?記得有一個GRE閱讀題目是關(guān)于48題的方面的,說的是,歷(尤其是君主統(tǒng)治時期)記載的更多是精英階級,而大大忽略了社會的主體:普通人民.這個也可以當(dāng)作是一個方面來陳述.
這幾個問題,我個人認(rèn)為,更需要的是辯證地來看,不能只是說哪個好而哪個不好.因?yàn)樵跉v,有很多的思想因?yàn)槠涑靶远鵁o法被當(dāng)代所認(rèn)同,比如尼采,比如相對論剛提出的時候(印象當(dāng)中好像是相對論剛開始是被否定的,因沒有人可以明白,請大家指正,再比如伽利略,哥白尼,例子很多,大家可以自己例舉.
而同時,又有很多的學(xué)者,科學(xué)家,哲學(xué)家可以被當(dāng)代人所接受,因?yàn)槠渚薮蟮膶ι鐣呢暙I(xiàn)以及影響.比如牛頓,居里夫人,等等,大家可以隨便從小學(xué)學(xué)過的故事里面選幾個列出來.
第三,是歷史對現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)漸漸沒有意義了.比如54題，
26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
103"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
125"The past is no predictor of the future."
189"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present."
如果僅僅從數(shù)量上來考慮的話，這個部分的題目可以不折不扣的被稱為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，也就是討論歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)社會的關(guān)系以及共融性的問題，而這個方面也是現(xiàn)在社會的一個比較熱點(diǎn)的問題。到底歷史賦予了我們什么？教給了我們什么？為什么我們總是在重復(fù)歷的悲?。?BR> 但是實(shí)際上歷史對我們更多的是借鑒，警示，以及教育的作用，比如現(xiàn)在在一些歐洲國家里面，極右勢力又開始抬頭了，但是因?yàn)槎?zhàn)給人類帶來的嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難性影響使各個國家都比較注意防范這方面的問題，例如在二戰(zhàn)當(dāng)中戰(zhàn)敗國德國，他們比較有名的雜志‘明鏡‘就總是時不時的審視國內(nèi)的一些問題，謹(jǐn)防類似的事件的再次發(fā)生。
而每年的廣島紀(jì)念日也不斷提醒人民核武器的危險性以及其對家庭，社會所帶來的悲劇性影響。
大家在這個部分可以參考我所帖出的關(guān)于歷史方面的一些資料.在里面比較詳盡的列出了歷史和現(xiàn)在的社會的關(guān)系以及其對現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響以及作用.我在這里也就不累述了.
其中的26題,大家可以參考一篇我與大家分享的文章,題目是: history and architecture.其中的觀點(diǎn)是Against方面的.我的觀點(diǎn)基本是Against,有For的朋友歡迎跟帖把你的觀點(diǎn),提綱,以及例子列出來.
第四，是說歷史的負(fù)面作用的，比如27題，81題.
27"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
第五，也就是我所列的最后一種就是關(guān)于歷史的作用的，比如221題.
關(guān)于這道題目大家可以參考我所貼出的作文參考資料的歷史部分，里面很詳盡的列舉了歷史對社會,對個人的作用，意義等。雖然文章比較長,但是值得一讀.如果大家有什么好的資料也歡迎帖出來和大家分享.
221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
這個題目的Topic: chief benefit of the study of history,題目里面的觀點(diǎn)是歷史的主要作用,或者說是學(xué)習(xí)歷史的益處是因?yàn)樗梢员砻魑覀兪桥c其他時代的人不同的.
我的立場是不贊同,因?yàn)檫@個觀點(diǎn)是比較絕對,片面理解了歷史的作用.大家可以從gter.net的一些參考資料上總結(jié)出來歷史的真正作用,這樣也就比較容易的攻克了這個題目.
總之,作文不是一日而就的,需要平時的積累以及一些扎實(shí)的英文功底,希望大家在平時多下功夫,一定可以攻克這個’難題’的.
在每個專題結(jié)束的時候,我或者其他三個版主都會寫出總結(jié)的,也歡迎把你的觀點(diǎn)拿出來跟大家分享討論,也歡迎把你的作文帖出來讓大家修改,評論.我們需要你們的支持,也希望你們從這里得到自己需要的資料以及信息. Gter們,讓我們一起努力實(shí)現(xiàn)各自的夢想吧!
這個類別是順序也是老的ETS版本，大家一般都有的。
分類人：angeikim
所以，大家要轉(zhuǎn)的時候，也請給個面子標(biāo)上寄托天下的出處和作者。謝謝。
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
110"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
241"An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
103"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
125"The past is no predictor of the future."
189"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present." 27"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
第一類型:關(guān)于書寫的方式是落后的，沒有現(xiàn)代記錄方式的先進(jìn)性，比如說攝像,數(shù)碼等方式。
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of co
ntemporary life that it as become a more important form of documentation than written records."
"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
原因之一是因?yàn)閮Υ娣绞降倪M(jìn)步，數(shù)碼保存方式是在傳統(tǒng)的模擬信號方式的基礎(chǔ)之上的改進(jìn)，并且有諸如保存時間長，不易受環(huán)境的影響，無限制的重復(fù)使用,攜帶方便,便于傳播等優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其是比如錄像等方式可以提供視覺上,聽覺上等多種感官刺激，這是前人或者說以往的方式上無法提供的,也無法比擬的.這個也是題目7所持觀點(diǎn)的依據(jù)之一.但是同時我們不能忽略其易修改性,即容易根據(jù)制作人的態(tài)度以及目的所容易修改,復(fù)制，所以一般的電視節(jié)目或者科普資料都帶有明顯的拍攝者的意圖,也就是說其在某一方面以及某議程度上的不客觀性,帶有一定的個人色彩。而如果談到這個角度，大家就也應(yīng)該看看第110題,是說當(dāng)談到歷史的時候,我們就都變成了講故事的人,既說歷史學(xué)家都不全是客觀的重現(xiàn)歷史.類似這樣的觀點(diǎn),大家可以參照TIME,也就是時代周刊上的一個ESSAY,題目是: when artists distort history, written by Lance Morrow(time, dec, 23, 1991, p.84).這篇文章是從藝術(shù)家扭曲歷史的角度來談的。大家也可以從由中國友誼出版公司出版的<時代經(jīng)典用詞> 系列的人文篇找到這篇ESSAY.這套書一共五本，四本分類用詞,一本單詞書,如果大家平時不知道怎么樣的表達(dá)方式,書寫方式是美國主流社會所承認(rèn)以及使用的，大家可以參看這本書里面的一些例句。我個人認(rèn)為這套書的另外一個比較好的地方就是把在一些領(lǐng)域內(nèi)比較重要(或者體現(xiàn)社會變遷,或者體現(xiàn)價值觀,或者歷史方面等)的詞匯以及其來由比較詳盡的列舉出來了。大家如果平時做GRE寫作苦于沒有素材以及例子的話，不妨看看這套書。(聲明一下,這絕非廣告!而在文化或者社會方面大家也可以找到類似的題目，也就是書不重要了,我們應(yīng)該放棄閱讀之類的觀點(diǎn)。
1. position: For
在支持方面的觀點(diǎn)大家可以從新型方式的先進(jìn)性入手,比如說是可視性,可聽性,易查找性,共享性,娛樂性的提高,更容易被大眾所接受,可以擴(kuò)大這些文件的影響.比如一些虛擬圖書館的存在.大家可以談到一些比較年代久遠(yuǎn)的書一年或者幾年才可以打開一次,這樣就限制了傳播的范圍.
同樣也可以談到傳統(tǒng)的方式的局限性,比如不易保存,容易遺失,影響面相對較小等.例子方面可以談到圖書館的保存方式,現(xiàn)在都在進(jìn)行資料的更新.
2. position: Against
大家可以著重談這些方式的主觀性的局限,比如很容易受到拍攝者或者制作者的觀點(diǎn)的影響,或者是娛樂性減弱了對資料的吸收,例如快餐文化,以及一些文件是無法用先進(jìn)的方式重現(xiàn)的.
第二，是把個人的得失與歷史相聯(lián)系的一類題目,比如我們做過的36題,和48題, 241題.
"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
"An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
這個部分三個題目都是關(guān)于個人以及個人成就的問題。到底什么樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用來衡量一個人的成就？時間評判一切嗎?而在歷史的長河里面,個人的作用到底有多少?記得有一個GRE閱讀題目是關(guān)于48題的方面的,說的是,歷(尤其是君主統(tǒng)治時期)記載的更多是精英階級,而大大忽略了社會的主體:普通人民.這個也可以當(dāng)作是一個方面來陳述.
這幾個問題,我個人認(rèn)為,更需要的是辯證地來看,不能只是說哪個好而哪個不好.因?yàn)樵跉v,有很多的思想因?yàn)槠涑靶远鵁o法被當(dāng)代所認(rèn)同,比如尼采,比如相對論剛提出的時候(印象當(dāng)中好像是相對論剛開始是被否定的,因沒有人可以明白,請大家指正,再比如伽利略,哥白尼,例子很多,大家可以自己例舉.
而同時,又有很多的學(xué)者,科學(xué)家,哲學(xué)家可以被當(dāng)代人所接受,因?yàn)槠渚薮蟮膶ι鐣呢暙I(xiàn)以及影響.比如牛頓,居里夫人,等等,大家可以隨便從小學(xué)學(xué)過的故事里面選幾個列出來.
第三,是歷史對現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)漸漸沒有意義了.比如54題，
26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
103"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
125"The past is no predictor of the future."
189"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present."
如果僅僅從數(shù)量上來考慮的話，這個部分的題目可以不折不扣的被稱為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，也就是討論歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)社會的關(guān)系以及共融性的問題，而這個方面也是現(xiàn)在社會的一個比較熱點(diǎn)的問題。到底歷史賦予了我們什么？教給了我們什么？為什么我們總是在重復(fù)歷的悲?。?BR> 但是實(shí)際上歷史對我們更多的是借鑒，警示，以及教育的作用，比如現(xiàn)在在一些歐洲國家里面，極右勢力又開始抬頭了，但是因?yàn)槎?zhàn)給人類帶來的嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難性影響使各個國家都比較注意防范這方面的問題，例如在二戰(zhàn)當(dāng)中戰(zhàn)敗國德國，他們比較有名的雜志‘明鏡‘就總是時不時的審視國內(nèi)的一些問題，謹(jǐn)防類似的事件的再次發(fā)生。
而每年的廣島紀(jì)念日也不斷提醒人民核武器的危險性以及其對家庭，社會所帶來的悲劇性影響。
大家在這個部分可以參考我所帖出的關(guān)于歷史方面的一些資料.在里面比較詳盡的列出了歷史和現(xiàn)在的社會的關(guān)系以及其對現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響以及作用.我在這里也就不累述了.
其中的26題,大家可以參考一篇我與大家分享的文章,題目是: history and architecture.其中的觀點(diǎn)是Against方面的.我的觀點(diǎn)基本是Against,有For的朋友歡迎跟帖把你的觀點(diǎn),提綱,以及例子列出來.
第四，是說歷史的負(fù)面作用的，比如27題，81題.
27"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
第五，也就是我所列的最后一種就是關(guān)于歷史的作用的，比如221題.
關(guān)于這道題目大家可以參考我所貼出的作文參考資料的歷史部分，里面很詳盡的列舉了歷史對社會,對個人的作用，意義等。雖然文章比較長,但是值得一讀.如果大家有什么好的資料也歡迎帖出來和大家分享.
221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
這個題目的Topic: chief benefit of the study of history,題目里面的觀點(diǎn)是歷史的主要作用,或者說是學(xué)習(xí)歷史的益處是因?yàn)樗梢员砻魑覀兪桥c其他時代的人不同的.
我的立場是不贊同,因?yàn)檫@個觀點(diǎn)是比較絕對,片面理解了歷史的作用.大家可以從gter.net的一些參考資料上總結(jié)出來歷史的真正作用,這樣也就比較容易的攻克了這個題目.
總之,作文不是一日而就的,需要平時的積累以及一些扎實(shí)的英文功底,希望大家在平時多下功夫,一定可以攻克這個’難題’的.
在每個專題結(jié)束的時候,我或者其他三個版主都會寫出總結(jié)的,也歡迎把你的觀點(diǎn)拿出來跟大家分享討論,也歡迎把你的作文帖出來讓大家修改,評論.我們需要你們的支持,也希望你們從這里得到自己需要的資料以及信息. Gter們,讓我們一起努力實(shí)現(xiàn)各自的夢想吧!
這個類別是順序也是老的ETS版本，大家一般都有的。
分類人：angeikim
所以，大家要轉(zhuǎn)的時候，也請給個面子標(biāo)上寄托天下的出處和作者。謝謝。
7、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
110"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
241"An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."
26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
103"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
125"The past is no predictor of the future."
189"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present." 27"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
221"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."