第二部分：閱讀判斷（每題1分，共七分）
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑
El Nino （厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象）
While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance．That would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures．The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature．
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C．Weare．a(chǎn) meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggests‘E1 Nino is indeed predictable．”
“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods．”said Weare．He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times．” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said．
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance’．The 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for Medium．Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England．The 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China。prompting the development of seasonal forecasting，Anderson said．
When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997．200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone．a(chǎn)ccording to a 2002 United Nations report．
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky．the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed．
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February．The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years·
The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible．
E1 Nino n．厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象
Equatorial adj．赤道的
Occurrence n．發(fā)生
Meteorologist n．氣象學(xué)家
Offset v．抵銷
Lead adj．提前的
Monsoon n．季風(fēng)
Tricky adj．難以捉摸的
練習(xí)：
1．The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea—surface temperatures．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
4. Weare’s contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子 （每題1分，共8分）
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）1---4 題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2--5 段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5--8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確的選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination
l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight．
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change．Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork．
4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted．
6 Hansen cautioned．a(chǎn)lthough the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了七個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑
El Nino （厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象）
While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance．That would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures．The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature．
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C．Weare．a(chǎn) meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggests‘E1 Nino is indeed predictable．”
“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods．”said Weare．He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times．” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said．
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance’．The 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for Medium．Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England．The 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China。prompting the development of seasonal forecasting，Anderson said．
When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997．200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone．a(chǎn)ccording to a 2002 United Nations report．
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky．the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed．
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February．The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years·
The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible．
E1 Nino n．厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象
Equatorial adj．赤道的
Occurrence n．發(fā)生
Meteorologist n．氣象學(xué)家
Offset v．抵銷
Lead adj．提前的
Monsoon n．季風(fēng)
Tricky adj．難以捉摸的
練習(xí)：
1．The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea—surface temperatures．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
4. Weare’s contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子 （每題1分，共8分）
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）1---4 題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2--5 段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5--8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確的選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination
l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight．
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change．Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork．
4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted．
6 Hansen cautioned．a(chǎn)lthough the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．