LESSON 40 FOOD AND TALK
1.next to, 挨著。
它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
2.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:
Please take a seat.
請坐。
take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后,會議/宴會便開始了。
3.fix常用的意思為“使……固定”、“安裝”:
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在門上安了個把手。
fix on的含義之一為“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯著”:
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
4.busy+ doing sth.表示“忙著做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他們正忙著修車。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我們都在忙著為演出進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點(diǎn),少說點(diǎn)……
在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng),more與less對應(yīng)。再如:
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行,呆在這里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少
6.第2類條件句
在第16課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來的真實(shí)結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時,談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動詞原形,推測想像的結(jié)果:
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。
盡管第2類條件句使用過去時,卻并非指過去的時間,所以,if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實(shí)的過去”。
第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。試比較:
不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情:
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再長一點(diǎn)兒,我就能跑得更快了。
在后一個例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實(shí)情況的差別也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他準(zhǔn)備好了,我就去。
if I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。
7.make vt., vi.
及物動詞make的原義為“制造”,但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:
I tried to make conversation.
我試圖找個話題。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意,今天早上我來鋪床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保證一星期后將書還回來。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦,但他進(jìn)步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他掙錢多,花錢也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能為我們的學(xué)生演講嗎?
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個大錯誤。
在表示“下定決心”、“拿定王意”時要用詞組make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?
8.do vt.
與make一樣,完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
Would you please do me a favour?
請幫個忙好嗎?
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了許多家務(wù)活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天還能再干點(diǎn)活嗎?
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 還可以與動名詞連用:
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我們昨天把東西都買了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我讀了點(diǎn)書。
1.next to, 挨著。
它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
2.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:
Please take a seat.
請坐。
take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后,會議/宴會便開始了。
3.fix常用的意思為“使……固定”、“安裝”:
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在門上安了個把手。
fix on的含義之一為“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯著”:
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
4.busy+ doing sth.表示“忙著做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他們正忙著修車。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我們都在忙著為演出進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點(diǎn),少說點(diǎn)……
在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng),more與less對應(yīng)。再如:
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行,呆在這里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少
6.第2類條件句
在第16課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來的真實(shí)結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時,談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動詞原形,推測想像的結(jié)果:
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。
盡管第2類條件句使用過去時,卻并非指過去的時間,所以,if之后的過去時用法常被稱為“非真實(shí)的過去”。
第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為“無把握”。試比較:
不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情:
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再長一點(diǎn)兒,我就能跑得更快了。
在后一個例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實(shí)情況的差別也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他準(zhǔn)備好了,我就去。
if I were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。
7.make vt., vi.
及物動詞make的原義為“制造”,但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:
I tried to make conversation.
我試圖找個話題。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意,今天早上我來鋪床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保證一星期后將書還回來。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦,但他進(jìn)步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他掙錢多,花錢也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能為我們的學(xué)生演講嗎?
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個大錯誤。
在表示“下定決心”、“拿定王意”時要用詞組make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?
8.do vt.
與make一樣,完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
Would you please do me a favour?
請幫個忙好嗎?
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了許多家務(wù)活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天還能再干點(diǎn)活嗎?
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 還可以與動名詞連用:
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我們昨天把東西都買了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我讀了點(diǎn)書。