作者：張喚喚
來源：上海新東方學(xué)校
正確表達(dá)
之所以說作文是綜合水平的體現(xiàn)，是因?yàn)榭忌闹R(shí)水平、熟練程度、理解深度到底如何，只有作文能夠檢驗(yàn)出來。單詞背得多的，文章讀得多，在西方文化里浸泡的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的，寫出來的文章會(huì)脫穎而出。
雖然這方面的水平的提高是只能是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間努力的結(jié)果，但是熟練掌握高考作文時(shí)常涉及的各類詞匯，各類表達(dá)方式是事半功倍的。
詞匯及其使用
許多學(xué)生因?yàn)樵~匯量的匱乏無法表達(dá)題目所要求的內(nèi)容，而平時(shí)博覽群書的考生就不會(huì)對(duì)文章所涉及的領(lǐng)域感到陌生。對(duì)一般考生來說，高考大綱上的詞匯必須全部掌握。因?yàn)檎n內(nèi)的單詞如果能熟練的運(yùn)用，就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)沒米下鍋的情況。
詞匯擴(kuò)充
我們?cè)谶@里僅對(duì)有限的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域的詞匯提供一些參考，都是需要學(xué)生能夠靈活駕馭的詞匯，此處由于篇幅考慮不做注釋和用法講解：
領(lǐng)域
名詞性
形容詞性
動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞短語
學(xué)校
Campus, facilities, theme, goal, preference, course, routine,
passionate, enthusiastic, ambitious, confident, easygoing, boring
participate, concentrate, focus, attract, distract,
inspire, sit up all night,
課外
Interview, community service, part-time job, pocket money, spare time,
tempting, popular, challenging, corrupted,
Volunteer, waste time in, relax, get away from,
社會(huì)現(xiàn)象
policy, atmosphere, dialogue, beauty, civilization, culture, nutrition, housing
privacy, standard
Skin deep, superficial, stylish, fashionable, common, effective, determined,
represent, lead, direct, have a positive/negative effect on, affect the lives of, spare no efforts to, turn sth. into reality, take much action to, take measures to,
經(jīng)濟(jì)
progress, growth, prosperity, luxury, biotechnology, income,
increasing, Optimistic, pessimistic, financial, rapid
decrease, boom, continue, come to a stop, get laid off, encourage flourish,
環(huán)境
coast, climate, atmosphere, species,
Environmental, ecological, endangered,
Pollute, protect, preserve, establish,
城市
subway, tunnels, skyscrapers, suspension bridges, theatres,
Crowded, in harmony, private,
Construct, rebuild, relocate, tear down, flood, blueprint,
詞匯用法
作文是對(duì)考生對(duì)詞匯用法掌握程度的有效測(cè)試。
很多考生死記硬背了學(xué)多單詞，但是沒有搞動(dòng)每一個(gè)詞的用法和搭配，實(shí)際上等于只能認(rèn)讀該詞，并沒有真正的學(xué)會(huì)。想寫出好的作文要在此地用法上好好下一番功夫。
以 Make、get的搭配和動(dòng)詞短語為例來示范一下一個(gè)單詞應(yīng)該掌握到什么程度：
Make “做，制造”
一些搭配：
make tea 沏茶
make bed 鋪床
make suggestion 提建議
make faces做鬼臉
動(dòng)詞短語：
1. make it 成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)
We were surprised that he made it at last.
2. make sense 有道理
Does your sentence make sense?
3. make the most of 充分利用
It is wise to make the most of the weekend.
還有make friends with交朋友, make a fool of sb.開某人的玩笑， make room for sb.騰地方給某人，make way讓路，make (full)use of 充分利用；等等
注意，make up有五種常用意義，分別是：
1組成；2化妝；3編造；4和解；5彌補(bǔ)。
注意理解下面一篇小文：
My family is made up of my parents and me. Mom, quite into her own look, makes up 5 times a day. When asked how she looks, Dad usually makes up some lies. But sometimes mom can tell and have fight with dad. Soon afterward they will make up, because dad always makes up for her by doing some chores.
Get “取得，成為”
1. get (the message) across 傳達(dá)
The teacher got his idea across to student by drawing a picture.
2. get ahead of
If you want to get ahead of others, work harder.
3. get away from 遠(yuǎn)離
I wish I could get away from school.
4. get away with 被放過，不受懲罰
You can never get away with cheating.
5. get on with 相處
The twins get on well with each other.
6. get by 湊合，勉強(qiáng)維持
The cats cannot get by without food in winter.
7. get hold of 抓住，得到
I didn’t get hold of the question in the test.
8. get into/out of the habit 養(yǎng)成/改掉習(xí)慣
It takes nothing to get into a bad habit, but take a lot of things to get out of it.
9. get over 克服(情緒)，從……恢復(fù)
I haven’t never gotten over from the shock that I failed the mid-term exam.
10. get rid of 擺脫
I just want to get rid of the bad moods.
句型
在深刻理解了英語作文的幾種篇章結(jié)構(gòu)以后，根據(jù)不同文章題材的需要，正確靈活的使用各種句型。那么就能在文章中寫出閃光的句子，使行文自然流暢，條理清晰。
2001年的上海高考考題要求我們使用第二(現(xiàn)象-影響-建議)論述結(jié)構(gòu)，其中就有一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)可以根據(jù)情況靈活使用。
1. 現(xiàn)象描述句
Recently, with the rapid development of industry ….
In few recent years, there is a sudden increase in…
A great change has taken places everywhere in the past few decades…
2. 影響分析句
There are a number of effect of…, the 1st…2nd….3…
It may cause serious consequences
It will give rise to a lot of problems
3. 建議句
It would be wise to… if we want to…
How can we… without…
The most effective way to solve these problems is…
這些句型中的詞匯可以根據(jù)題目要求的題材不同進(jìn)行更替，要在服務(wù)于中心的前提下適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鼈?。不能言過其實(shí)，或是與題目?jī)?nèi)容背道而馳。
要做到這一點(diǎn)，需要考生良好的詞匯功底和對(duì)這些句式的熟練掌握。
連貫
連貫是對(duì)每一位考生需要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。漢語和英語作文的大區(qū)別盡顯于此。
漢語作文中所需要邏輯符號(hào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于英語作文，主要的原因是兩種文化中的閱讀和表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同。英語文章需要大量的連接詞，用于表達(dá)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，因而考生應(yīng)對(duì)這些詞匯有著深刻了解。
每一個(gè)由主、謂、賓等成分組成的完整句和下一個(gè)完整句之間應(yīng)該有著意義上的關(guān)系。要讓文章連貫，只需突出這些“意義上的關(guān)系”。具體做法可以有：
1. 補(bǔ)充邏輯功能詞
2. 關(guān)系代詞聯(lián)系法
3. 從句聯(lián)系法
首先來講講邏輯功能詞，是指聯(lián)系一個(gè)意群和相鄰的一個(gè)意群的短語或單詞。
這種方法是所有英語作文里必須的，也是常見的。我們?cè)谶@里不去贅述常見的連詞和表達(dá)方式，對(duì)大家的邏輯功能詞進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，用法會(huì)在以后的課堂中進(jìn)行講解。
邏輯功能詞擴(kuò)充
次序
first, second, third, first and foremost, last but not least.
原因和理由
consequently, therefore, hence, thus, as a result of,owing to this, on account of this.
目的
in order to, so as to, so that, for the purpose of
補(bǔ)充
not only… but also, furthermore, in addition, moreover, what’s more, besides, as well (as),
強(qiáng)調(diào)和重申
above all, in fact, in particular, particularly, most importantly, especially, that is to say, in other word
對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折
on one hand… on the other hand, in contrast with, whereas，on the contrary
讓步
however, nevertheless, yet, despite this,
總述和收尾
all in all, in a word, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up， on the whole,
其次是關(guān)系代詞聯(lián)系法。當(dāng)我們?cè)诘谝痪涮岬揭粋€(gè)事物的時(shí)候，下一句要繼續(xù)圍繞著這個(gè)事物的一個(gè)相關(guān)事物進(jìn)行寫作，而不宜另起爐灶寫一個(gè)毫無關(guān)系事物。常用的詞除了it, he, she, that, 還有描述方式和程度的 so, such 等等。比如 He usually has his dinner quite late. Such habit makes him fatter and fatter.
后是從句聯(lián)系法。顧名思義從句聯(lián)系法就是利用定語從句將描述性的幾個(gè)句子結(jié)合到一個(gè)句子里，比如 The campus of our school is so beautiful that whoever visiting the city will come to our school for sightseeing.
來源：上海新東方學(xué)校
正確表達(dá)
之所以說作文是綜合水平的體現(xiàn)，是因?yàn)榭忌闹R(shí)水平、熟練程度、理解深度到底如何，只有作文能夠檢驗(yàn)出來。單詞背得多的，文章讀得多，在西方文化里浸泡的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的，寫出來的文章會(huì)脫穎而出。
雖然這方面的水平的提高是只能是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間努力的結(jié)果，但是熟練掌握高考作文時(shí)常涉及的各類詞匯，各類表達(dá)方式是事半功倍的。
詞匯及其使用
許多學(xué)生因?yàn)樵~匯量的匱乏無法表達(dá)題目所要求的內(nèi)容，而平時(shí)博覽群書的考生就不會(huì)對(duì)文章所涉及的領(lǐng)域感到陌生。對(duì)一般考生來說，高考大綱上的詞匯必須全部掌握。因?yàn)檎n內(nèi)的單詞如果能熟練的運(yùn)用，就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)沒米下鍋的情況。
詞匯擴(kuò)充
我們?cè)谶@里僅對(duì)有限的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域的詞匯提供一些參考，都是需要學(xué)生能夠靈活駕馭的詞匯，此處由于篇幅考慮不做注釋和用法講解：
領(lǐng)域
名詞性
形容詞性
動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞短語
學(xué)校
Campus, facilities, theme, goal, preference, course, routine,
passionate, enthusiastic, ambitious, confident, easygoing, boring
participate, concentrate, focus, attract, distract,
inspire, sit up all night,
課外
Interview, community service, part-time job, pocket money, spare time,
tempting, popular, challenging, corrupted,
Volunteer, waste time in, relax, get away from,
社會(huì)現(xiàn)象
policy, atmosphere, dialogue, beauty, civilization, culture, nutrition, housing
privacy, standard
Skin deep, superficial, stylish, fashionable, common, effective, determined,
represent, lead, direct, have a positive/negative effect on, affect the lives of, spare no efforts to, turn sth. into reality, take much action to, take measures to,
經(jīng)濟(jì)
progress, growth, prosperity, luxury, biotechnology, income,
increasing, Optimistic, pessimistic, financial, rapid
decrease, boom, continue, come to a stop, get laid off, encourage flourish,
環(huán)境
coast, climate, atmosphere, species,
Environmental, ecological, endangered,
Pollute, protect, preserve, establish,
城市
subway, tunnels, skyscrapers, suspension bridges, theatres,
Crowded, in harmony, private,
Construct, rebuild, relocate, tear down, flood, blueprint,
詞匯用法
作文是對(duì)考生對(duì)詞匯用法掌握程度的有效測(cè)試。
很多考生死記硬背了學(xué)多單詞，但是沒有搞動(dòng)每一個(gè)詞的用法和搭配，實(shí)際上等于只能認(rèn)讀該詞，并沒有真正的學(xué)會(huì)。想寫出好的作文要在此地用法上好好下一番功夫。
以 Make、get的搭配和動(dòng)詞短語為例來示范一下一個(gè)單詞應(yīng)該掌握到什么程度：
Make “做，制造”
一些搭配：
make tea 沏茶
make bed 鋪床
make suggestion 提建議
make faces做鬼臉
動(dòng)詞短語：
1. make it 成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)
We were surprised that he made it at last.
2. make sense 有道理
Does your sentence make sense?
3. make the most of 充分利用
It is wise to make the most of the weekend.
還有make friends with交朋友, make a fool of sb.開某人的玩笑， make room for sb.騰地方給某人，make way讓路，make (full)use of 充分利用；等等
注意，make up有五種常用意義，分別是：
1組成；2化妝；3編造；4和解；5彌補(bǔ)。
注意理解下面一篇小文：
My family is made up of my parents and me. Mom, quite into her own look, makes up 5 times a day. When asked how she looks, Dad usually makes up some lies. But sometimes mom can tell and have fight with dad. Soon afterward they will make up, because dad always makes up for her by doing some chores.
Get “取得，成為”
1. get (the message) across 傳達(dá)
The teacher got his idea across to student by drawing a picture.
2. get ahead of
If you want to get ahead of others, work harder.
3. get away from 遠(yuǎn)離
I wish I could get away from school.
4. get away with 被放過，不受懲罰
You can never get away with cheating.
5. get on with 相處
The twins get on well with each other.
6. get by 湊合，勉強(qiáng)維持
The cats cannot get by without food in winter.
7. get hold of 抓住，得到
I didn’t get hold of the question in the test.
8. get into/out of the habit 養(yǎng)成/改掉習(xí)慣
It takes nothing to get into a bad habit, but take a lot of things to get out of it.
9. get over 克服(情緒)，從……恢復(fù)
I haven’t never gotten over from the shock that I failed the mid-term exam.
10. get rid of 擺脫
I just want to get rid of the bad moods.
句型
在深刻理解了英語作文的幾種篇章結(jié)構(gòu)以后，根據(jù)不同文章題材的需要，正確靈活的使用各種句型。那么就能在文章中寫出閃光的句子，使行文自然流暢，條理清晰。
2001年的上海高考考題要求我們使用第二(現(xiàn)象-影響-建議)論述結(jié)構(gòu)，其中就有一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)可以根據(jù)情況靈活使用。
1. 現(xiàn)象描述句
Recently, with the rapid development of industry ….
In few recent years, there is a sudden increase in…
A great change has taken places everywhere in the past few decades…
2. 影響分析句
There are a number of effect of…, the 1st…2nd….3…
It may cause serious consequences
It will give rise to a lot of problems
3. 建議句
It would be wise to… if we want to…
How can we… without…
The most effective way to solve these problems is…
這些句型中的詞匯可以根據(jù)題目要求的題材不同進(jìn)行更替，要在服務(wù)于中心的前提下適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鼈?。不能言過其實(shí)，或是與題目?jī)?nèi)容背道而馳。
要做到這一點(diǎn)，需要考生良好的詞匯功底和對(duì)這些句式的熟練掌握。
連貫
連貫是對(duì)每一位考生需要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。漢語和英語作文的大區(qū)別盡顯于此。
漢語作文中所需要邏輯符號(hào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于英語作文，主要的原因是兩種文化中的閱讀和表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同。英語文章需要大量的連接詞，用于表達(dá)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，因而考生應(yīng)對(duì)這些詞匯有著深刻了解。
每一個(gè)由主、謂、賓等成分組成的完整句和下一個(gè)完整句之間應(yīng)該有著意義上的關(guān)系。要讓文章連貫，只需突出這些“意義上的關(guān)系”。具體做法可以有：
1. 補(bǔ)充邏輯功能詞
2. 關(guān)系代詞聯(lián)系法
3. 從句聯(lián)系法
首先來講講邏輯功能詞，是指聯(lián)系一個(gè)意群和相鄰的一個(gè)意群的短語或單詞。
這種方法是所有英語作文里必須的，也是常見的。我們?cè)谶@里不去贅述常見的連詞和表達(dá)方式，對(duì)大家的邏輯功能詞進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，用法會(huì)在以后的課堂中進(jìn)行講解。
邏輯功能詞擴(kuò)充
次序
first, second, third, first and foremost, last but not least.
原因和理由
consequently, therefore, hence, thus, as a result of,owing to this, on account of this.
目的
in order to, so as to, so that, for the purpose of
補(bǔ)充
not only… but also, furthermore, in addition, moreover, what’s more, besides, as well (as),
強(qiáng)調(diào)和重申
above all, in fact, in particular, particularly, most importantly, especially, that is to say, in other word
對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折
on one hand… on the other hand, in contrast with, whereas，on the contrary
讓步
however, nevertheless, yet, despite this,
總述和收尾
all in all, in a word, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up， on the whole,
其次是關(guān)系代詞聯(lián)系法。當(dāng)我們?cè)诘谝痪涮岬揭粋€(gè)事物的時(shí)候，下一句要繼續(xù)圍繞著這個(gè)事物的一個(gè)相關(guān)事物進(jìn)行寫作，而不宜另起爐灶寫一個(gè)毫無關(guān)系事物。常用的詞除了it, he, she, that, 還有描述方式和程度的 so, such 等等。比如 He usually has his dinner quite late. Such habit makes him fatter and fatter.
后是從句聯(lián)系法。顧名思義從句聯(lián)系法就是利用定語從句將描述性的幾個(gè)句子結(jié)合到一個(gè)句子里，比如 The campus of our school is so beautiful that whoever visiting the city will come to our school for sightseeing.