第五講 怎樣做選擇填空題
一、題型介紹
選擇填空又稱綜合填空或完形測試，它是目前較為滸的一種英語測試題型之一。在我國其它的大規(guī)模英語考試中是一項必試項目。
選擇填空或完形測試的理論依據(jù)是完形心理學(xué)。這種理論的觀點認(rèn)為：人們在觀察物體形狀時，往往下意識地把不連貫的、窯的部分給補上，然后把它看成一個完整的形狀。把這種理論應(yīng)用到語言測試上，便出現(xiàn)了完形測試。這種試題設(shè)計程序為：命脈題人員首先選取一篇短文，然后每隔一定數(shù)目的單詞（一般為5-11個）有規(guī)律地去掉一個詞，最后，讓考生填出去掉的那些詞，來測試他們的語言應(yīng)用能力。
最初的這種完形測試方法是按固定比例來刪詞，后來又產(chǎn)生了幾種新的變體。一種是刪掉的詞僅限于某一類語言現(xiàn)象，如動詞、名詞、介詞等。這樣原來隔固定詞數(shù)刪詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅做參考；另一種是把綜合填充和多項選擇結(jié)合起來，試題設(shè)計者為每個空白處提供3-5個選擇先項，讓考生從中挑選出正確的答案。這樣既可達(dá)到所希望的測試目的，又可保證評分的客觀性。這種測試形式是目前國內(nèi)采用的最普遍的完形測試方式。職稱英語等級考試C級試卷中采用的就是這種題型。
選擇填空的題目設(shè)計并非拿一篇短文來隨便地去掉幾個詞。設(shè)計者遵循一定要求和準(zhǔn)則，以保證測試的效度和信度。首先，選文的頭一、兩句應(yīng)是完整的，不去掉任何詞，以幫助考生進(jìn)入語境。其次，原文的長度一般在300詞左右，太長或太短都不合適。為了達(dá)到測試目的，可以靈活掌握隔多少個單詞刪去一個詞，但是總體上要遵循每隔一定數(shù)目的單詞去掉一個詞這種原則。
二、選擇填空的測試點
根據(jù)職稱英語等級考試大綱，選擇填空通常用由一篇300詞左右的短文組成。短文中留有20個空格，每個空格為一題。我們還注意到，職稱英語等級考試中刪詞的間隙較一般考試要大一些。這樣，題目就相對容易了一些。這是因為破壞的信息量少了，所以恢復(fù)起來也就相對而言容易一些。通過對樣題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，補刪的詞幾乎涉及到所有詞類，如動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、短語等等。
三、選擇填空的解題方法
表面上來年，選擇填空就是要求考生把每個句子中刪掉的詞給恢復(fù)出來。實際上，選擇填空不僅僅測試應(yīng)試者在句子水平上運用語言的能力，它還測試應(yīng)試者在語篇水平上綜合運用語言的能力。因為，選擇填空中的填空是與文章的上下文有緊密聯(lián)系的，不是孤立的、不相關(guān)的。因此，要做好選擇填空題，必須首先通讀整篇文章，開清文章的大意和邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯揄、對比等手段最后確定答案。尤其是運用語法知識、搭配和語篇知識來確定答案。
請看這篇短文，文中有20處空白，每個空白處有4個選項。請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案。
Television is the greatest communiction medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an -------- (36) amount of opinions and information and -------(37) moral and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme teaches us something. It is never a neutral (中立的）------- (38). For example, how and when public issues ar -------(40) how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment --------(41) news and public affairs programmes.
What the American people think about governemnt and politics in -------(42), ad wwell as a favorite candidate in ------ (43), is largely influenced by ------- (44).
Unfortunately commercial television seldom ------- (45) anything of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility (故意）--------(46) television because they know most TV programmes are ------- (47) poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are ever ------- (48).
The question is : how can television be improved? There are many thins are ordinary ------- (49) can do. For example, he ----- (50) complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He can ----- (51) citiaens groups to urge local TV stations to ----- (52) their programmes ----- (53), these groups should propose regular analysies of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to ----- (54) the influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our most exciting medium if we just think about ----- (55) to improve it.
36. A endless G ending C ended D end
37. A finds B absorbs C sets D mends
38. A consequence B influence C result D purpose
39. A talked B handled C watched D noticed
40. A over B in C above D on
41. A as well as B also C but D together
42. A all B short C general D name
43. A particular B special C instance D individual
44. A entertainment B news C programmes D television
45. A damages B contributes C hands D takes
46. A toward B in C on D over
47. A with B in C of D among
48. A serious B harmful C attractive D long
49. A reader B participant C listener D viewer
50. A can B does C should Dought to
51. A can B does C should D ought to
52. A call B gather C organize D make
53. A As a result B As a matter of fact C In contract DIn addition
54. A determine B refuse C involve D receive
55. A tracks B roads C easy D programmes
一、題型介紹
選擇填空又稱綜合填空或完形測試，它是目前較為滸的一種英語測試題型之一。在我國其它的大規(guī)模英語考試中是一項必試項目。
選擇填空或完形測試的理論依據(jù)是完形心理學(xué)。這種理論的觀點認(rèn)為：人們在觀察物體形狀時，往往下意識地把不連貫的、窯的部分給補上，然后把它看成一個完整的形狀。把這種理論應(yīng)用到語言測試上，便出現(xiàn)了完形測試。這種試題設(shè)計程序為：命脈題人員首先選取一篇短文，然后每隔一定數(shù)目的單詞（一般為5-11個）有規(guī)律地去掉一個詞，最后，讓考生填出去掉的那些詞，來測試他們的語言應(yīng)用能力。
最初的這種完形測試方法是按固定比例來刪詞，后來又產(chǎn)生了幾種新的變體。一種是刪掉的詞僅限于某一類語言現(xiàn)象，如動詞、名詞、介詞等。這樣原來隔固定詞數(shù)刪詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅做參考；另一種是把綜合填充和多項選擇結(jié)合起來，試題設(shè)計者為每個空白處提供3-5個選擇先項，讓考生從中挑選出正確的答案。這樣既可達(dá)到所希望的測試目的，又可保證評分的客觀性。這種測試形式是目前國內(nèi)采用的最普遍的完形測試方式。職稱英語等級考試C級試卷中采用的就是這種題型。
選擇填空的題目設(shè)計并非拿一篇短文來隨便地去掉幾個詞。設(shè)計者遵循一定要求和準(zhǔn)則，以保證測試的效度和信度。首先，選文的頭一、兩句應(yīng)是完整的，不去掉任何詞，以幫助考生進(jìn)入語境。其次，原文的長度一般在300詞左右，太長或太短都不合適。為了達(dá)到測試目的，可以靈活掌握隔多少個單詞刪去一個詞，但是總體上要遵循每隔一定數(shù)目的單詞去掉一個詞這種原則。
二、選擇填空的測試點
根據(jù)職稱英語等級考試大綱，選擇填空通常用由一篇300詞左右的短文組成。短文中留有20個空格，每個空格為一題。我們還注意到，職稱英語等級考試中刪詞的間隙較一般考試要大一些。這樣，題目就相對容易了一些。這是因為破壞的信息量少了，所以恢復(fù)起來也就相對而言容易一些。通過對樣題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，補刪的詞幾乎涉及到所有詞類，如動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、連詞、短語等等。
三、選擇填空的解題方法
表面上來年，選擇填空就是要求考生把每個句子中刪掉的詞給恢復(fù)出來。實際上，選擇填空不僅僅測試應(yīng)試者在句子水平上運用語言的能力，它還測試應(yīng)試者在語篇水平上綜合運用語言的能力。因為，選擇填空中的填空是與文章的上下文有緊密聯(lián)系的，不是孤立的、不相關(guān)的。因此，要做好選擇填空題，必須首先通讀整篇文章，開清文章的大意和邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯揄、對比等手段最后確定答案。尤其是運用語法知識、搭配和語篇知識來確定答案。
請看這篇短文，文中有20處空白，每個空白處有4個選項。請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案。
Television is the greatest communiction medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an -------- (36) amount of opinions and information and -------(37) moral and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme teaches us something. It is never a neutral (中立的）------- (38). For example, how and when public issues ar -------(40) how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment --------(41) news and public affairs programmes.
What the American people think about governemnt and politics in -------(42), ad wwell as a favorite candidate in ------ (43), is largely influenced by ------- (44).
Unfortunately commercial television seldom ------- (45) anything of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility (故意）--------(46) television because they know most TV programmes are ------- (47) poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are ever ------- (48).
The question is : how can television be improved? There are many thins are ordinary ------- (49) can do. For example, he ----- (50) complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He can ----- (51) citiaens groups to urge local TV stations to ----- (52) their programmes ----- (53), these groups should propose regular analysies of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to ----- (54) the influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our most exciting medium if we just think about ----- (55) to improve it.
36. A endless G ending C ended D end
37. A finds B absorbs C sets D mends
38. A consequence B influence C result D purpose
39. A talked B handled C watched D noticed
40. A over B in C above D on
41. A as well as B also C but D together
42. A all B short C general D name
43. A particular B special C instance D individual
44. A entertainment B news C programmes D television
45. A damages B contributes C hands D takes
46. A toward B in C on D over
47. A with B in C of D among
48. A serious B harmful C attractive D long
49. A reader B participant C listener D viewer
50. A can B does C should Dought to
51. A can B does C should D ought to
52. A call B gather C organize D make
53. A As a result B As a matter of fact C In contract DIn addition
54. A determine B refuse C involve D receive
55. A tracks B roads C easy D programmes