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        2009成人英語三級考試:語法(一)

        字號:

        定冠詞限定名詞時主要表示特指,針對TOEFL應注意以下幾點:
            (1) the和可數名詞單數連用,表示一類人或物,如:
            the fern(蕨類), the wallflower
            (2) 序數詞之前必須用the,如:
            the first woman, the nineteenth century
            但前面有物主代詞時除外,如 my first baby
            (3) 形容詞級之前必須用the(有物主代詞時除外),如:
            the largest city, the most advanced technology
            (4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:
            the development of the watch,
            (5) 世界上獨一無二的東西前應加the, 如:
            the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
            在下列情況下,一般不用the:
            (1) 表示人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:
            Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語), February(二月),
            America(美
            國)
            但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時要加上the
            the Great Lakes(美國五大湖), the Changjiang River(長江)
            (2) 無特指的不可數名詞前,如:
            algebra(代數學), advertising, accounting(會計學)
            (3) 表示類別的復數名詞前,如:
            Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動物) hatch from…
            (4) 一些固定詞組中,如:
            in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in
            bed
            乘車的詞組:
            by train(乘火車), by car (乘汽車), by bicycle(騎腳踏車),
            by bus (乘公共汽車),
            by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air
            (通過航空)
            on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機), by ship (乘船),
            打球的詞組:
            play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
            注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無均可, 如:He was elected (the)
            chairman of t
            he committee.
            不可數名詞的限定詞和不可數名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數名
            詞:
            much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)
            little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數名
            詞
             專用
            另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,
            the re
            st of, plenty of等既可接可數名詞又可接不可數名詞。
            有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長”、“ 比…..優(yōu)越”等含義,因此也就沒有比
            較級
            和級。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和
            to連用
            ,而不和than連用。
            有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒有級和比較級。如:
            absolute(絕對的), unique(獨一無二的), infinite(無限的), round(圓的),
            right(對
            的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱
            為絕
            對形容詞
            對于most來講,除了構成某些詞級外,most的用法有幾點需要注意,經常成為
            改錯
            題的考點:
            1. 當most表示大多數時,之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來表示大多數,分別
            為:
            most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
            most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us,
             m
            ost of the modern artists
            2. most有時意思等同于very, 此時most之前用不定冠詞,如:
            a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
            例題:
            (1)
            The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.    
            A        B   C     D
            答案:A
            應改為:Most
            解釋:most只有在表示形容詞級作定語時需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數”,
            沒必
            要加the.
            Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the
            nonme
            tals
                A          B      C
            oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
                   D
            考點:程度副詞
            答案:D
            應改為:still more
            解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級more時,應置于其前
            幾點參考規(guī)則:
            1. 多數副詞放在修飾的動詞之后,若動詞有賓語則放在賓語之后,如:
            She sings very well.
            I met your uncle(動詞的賓語) just now.
            I met just now your uncle (錯)
            2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語、副詞時常放在被修飾成分之前,如:
            These two are only slightly different.
            right after this, very smoothly
            當然,副詞enough是一個例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:
            I am not good enough to do this job. (對)
            I am not enough good to do this job. (錯)
            3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實意動詞之前,be動詞之后,如:
            He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實意動詞) tennis.
            He is always here at 8’clock. (be動詞之后)
            4. 部分副詞的位置沒有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:
            only, even, still, perhaps, etc.