例 2 ：
原文 ：
當(dāng)事人一方違約后，對(duì)方應(yīng)當(dāng)采取適當(dāng)措施防止損失的擴(kuò)大；沒有采取適當(dāng)措施致使損失擴(kuò)大的，不得就擴(kuò)大的損失要求賠償。
參考譯文 ：
After either party violates a contract, the other party shall take proper measures to prevent the increase of the losses. Provided that where the other party fails to take proper measures so that the losses are increased, the party in question shall not claim any compensation in relation to the increased losses.
例 3 ：
原文 ：
當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定，給對(duì)方造成損失的，損失賠償額應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于因違約所造成的損失，包括合同履行后可以獲得的利益，但不得超過違反合同一方訂立合同時(shí)預(yù)見 到或者 應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)見到的因違反合同可能造成的損失。
參考譯文 :
Where either party to a contract fails to perform the contract obligations or its performance fails to satisfy the requirements and provisions of the contract and causes loss to the other party, the amount of compensation for losses shall be equal to the losses caused by the breach of contract, including the obtainable gains after the performance of the contract, provided that the amount of compensation shall not exceed such probable foreseen losses caused by the breach of contract as has been foreseen or as shall be foreseen when the breaching party concludes the contract.
4 ．關(guān)于“ 中央儲(chǔ)備糧 ”的譯法：
“ 中央儲(chǔ)備糧 ”意為“中央人民政府的儲(chǔ)備糧”，應(yīng)譯成： grain reserves of the central people ' s government ，而不能按字面意思譯成： the central grain reserves .按照牛津英文詞典的字義解釋， central: （1） 意為 “of, at, near or forming the centre of sth ” （中央的，在中心的，形成中心的）。例如， We live in central London. （我們住在倫 敦 中部）； Our house is very central, i.e. is in or close to the centre of the town. ）（我們的房子就在市中心）。（ 2 ）意為 having overall power or control （有全部權(quán)力或控制力的）。例如， central government, i. e . the government of the whole country, as contracted with the local government. （中央政府，即區(qū)別于地方政府）。
以上可見“中央儲(chǔ)備糧”，既不是“處于中心的儲(chǔ)備糧”，也不可能是“有全部權(quán)力或控制力的儲(chǔ)備糧”，而是“中央人民政府的儲(chǔ)備糧”，應(yīng)譯成： grain reserves of the central people ' s government .請(qǐng)看以下例子：
例 1 ：
原文：
為了加強(qiáng)對(duì)中央儲(chǔ)備糧的管理，保證中央儲(chǔ)備糧數(shù)量真實(shí)、質(zhì)量良好和儲(chǔ)存安全，保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益，維護(hù)糧食市場穩(wěn)定，有效發(fā)揮中央儲(chǔ)備糧在國家宏觀調(diào)控中的作用，制定本條例。
參考譯文 :
These Regulations are formulated and enacted in order to strengthen the administration of grain reserves of the central people's government , ensure their authentic quantity, high quality and safe storage of the reserves in question, safeguard farmers' interests, maintain the stability of the grain market, and play the effective role of grain reserves of the central people's government in the State macro-control system. 21edu.com
5 ．關(guān)于“ 技術(shù)規(guī)范 ”的譯法：
所謂“技術(shù)規(guī)范”是指對(duì)建造某一項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)要求和范圍，規(guī)定了所用材料的質(zhì)量和工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)譯成 technical specifications ，而不應(yīng)譯成 technical norms .
按照牛津英文詞典的字義解釋， specifications 意為 details and instructions describing the design, materials, etc of sth to be made or done （ 規(guī)格；規(guī)格說明 ） .例如， specifications for building a garage （建造車庫的規(guī)格說明）； the technical specifications of a new car （ 新汽車的技術(shù)規(guī)范 ） .而 norms 則意為 standard or pattern that is typical （of a group, etc） ， You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. （在社會(huì)中生活就要遵循社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則。）
以上可見 specifications 主要用于技術(shù)上的要求，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，而 norms 主要用于行為準(zhǔn)則，規(guī)范。下面 各例都是 指技術(shù)規(guī)范，都用 specifications .
例 1 ：
原文：
中國儲(chǔ)備糧管理總公司直屬企業(yè)、中央儲(chǔ)備糧代儲(chǔ)企業(yè)（以下統(tǒng)稱承儲(chǔ)企業(yè)）儲(chǔ)存中央儲(chǔ)備糧，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國家有關(guān)中央儲(chǔ)備糧管理的行政法規(guī)、規(guī)章、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和 技術(shù)規(guī)范 ，以及中國儲(chǔ)備糧管理總公司依照有關(guān)行政法規(guī)、規(guī)章、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和 技術(shù)規(guī)范 制定的各項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)管理制度。
參考譯文 ：
The enterprises directly subordinated to the China Grain Reserves Corporation and the enterprises entrusted with the storage of grain reserves of the central people ' s government （hereinafter collectively referred to as the storing enterprises） shall, in the storage of grain reserves of the central people ' s government, strictly comply with the administrative regulations, rules, national standards and technical specifications o
原文 ：
當(dāng)事人一方違約后，對(duì)方應(yīng)當(dāng)采取適當(dāng)措施防止損失的擴(kuò)大；沒有采取適當(dāng)措施致使損失擴(kuò)大的，不得就擴(kuò)大的損失要求賠償。
參考譯文 ：
After either party violates a contract, the other party shall take proper measures to prevent the increase of the losses. Provided that where the other party fails to take proper measures so that the losses are increased, the party in question shall not claim any compensation in relation to the increased losses.
例 3 ：
原文 ：
當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定，給對(duì)方造成損失的，損失賠償額應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于因違約所造成的損失，包括合同履行后可以獲得的利益，但不得超過違反合同一方訂立合同時(shí)預(yù)見 到或者 應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)見到的因違反合同可能造成的損失。
參考譯文 :
Where either party to a contract fails to perform the contract obligations or its performance fails to satisfy the requirements and provisions of the contract and causes loss to the other party, the amount of compensation for losses shall be equal to the losses caused by the breach of contract, including the obtainable gains after the performance of the contract, provided that the amount of compensation shall not exceed such probable foreseen losses caused by the breach of contract as has been foreseen or as shall be foreseen when the breaching party concludes the contract.
4 ．關(guān)于“ 中央儲(chǔ)備糧 ”的譯法：
“ 中央儲(chǔ)備糧 ”意為“中央人民政府的儲(chǔ)備糧”，應(yīng)譯成： grain reserves of the central people ' s government ，而不能按字面意思譯成： the central grain reserves .按照牛津英文詞典的字義解釋， central: （1） 意為 “of, at, near or forming the centre of sth ” （中央的，在中心的，形成中心的）。例如， We live in central London. （我們住在倫 敦 中部）； Our house is very central, i.e. is in or close to the centre of the town. ）（我們的房子就在市中心）。（ 2 ）意為 having overall power or control （有全部權(quán)力或控制力的）。例如， central government, i. e . the government of the whole country, as contracted with the local government. （中央政府，即區(qū)別于地方政府）。
以上可見“中央儲(chǔ)備糧”，既不是“處于中心的儲(chǔ)備糧”，也不可能是“有全部權(quán)力或控制力的儲(chǔ)備糧”，而是“中央人民政府的儲(chǔ)備糧”，應(yīng)譯成： grain reserves of the central people ' s government .請(qǐng)看以下例子：
例 1 ：
原文：
為了加強(qiáng)對(duì)中央儲(chǔ)備糧的管理，保證中央儲(chǔ)備糧數(shù)量真實(shí)、質(zhì)量良好和儲(chǔ)存安全，保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益，維護(hù)糧食市場穩(wěn)定，有效發(fā)揮中央儲(chǔ)備糧在國家宏觀調(diào)控中的作用，制定本條例。
參考譯文 :
These Regulations are formulated and enacted in order to strengthen the administration of grain reserves of the central people's government , ensure their authentic quantity, high quality and safe storage of the reserves in question, safeguard farmers' interests, maintain the stability of the grain market, and play the effective role of grain reserves of the central people's government in the State macro-control system. 21edu.com
5 ．關(guān)于“ 技術(shù)規(guī)范 ”的譯法：
所謂“技術(shù)規(guī)范”是指對(duì)建造某一項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)要求和范圍，規(guī)定了所用材料的質(zhì)量和工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)譯成 technical specifications ，而不應(yīng)譯成 technical norms .
按照牛津英文詞典的字義解釋， specifications 意為 details and instructions describing the design, materials, etc of sth to be made or done （ 規(guī)格；規(guī)格說明 ） .例如， specifications for building a garage （建造車庫的規(guī)格說明）； the technical specifications of a new car （ 新汽車的技術(shù)規(guī)范 ） .而 norms 則意為 standard or pattern that is typical （of a group, etc） ， You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. （在社會(huì)中生活就要遵循社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則。）
以上可見 specifications 主要用于技術(shù)上的要求，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，而 norms 主要用于行為準(zhǔn)則，規(guī)范。下面 各例都是 指技術(shù)規(guī)范，都用 specifications .
例 1 ：
原文：
中國儲(chǔ)備糧管理總公司直屬企業(yè)、中央儲(chǔ)備糧代儲(chǔ)企業(yè)（以下統(tǒng)稱承儲(chǔ)企業(yè)）儲(chǔ)存中央儲(chǔ)備糧，應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國家有關(guān)中央儲(chǔ)備糧管理的行政法規(guī)、規(guī)章、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和 技術(shù)規(guī)范 ，以及中國儲(chǔ)備糧管理總公司依照有關(guān)行政法規(guī)、規(guī)章、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和 技術(shù)規(guī)范 制定的各項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)管理制度。
參考譯文 ：
The enterprises directly subordinated to the China Grain Reserves Corporation and the enterprises entrusted with the storage of grain reserves of the central people ' s government （hereinafter collectively referred to as the storing enterprises） shall, in the storage of grain reserves of the central people ' s government, strictly comply with the administrative regulations, rules, national standards and technical specifications o