動(dòng)詞不定式
不定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形
知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是"to + 動(dòng)詞原形"，有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式（或不定式短語(yǔ)）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式仍可保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)：
句法作用
例 句
作賓語(yǔ)
She wanted to borrowed my radio.
They began to read and write.
作狀語(yǔ)
She went to see her grandma last Sunday .
He came to give us a talk yesterday.
作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.
She asked me to speak more loudly
Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .
The father made his son study hard.
作定語(yǔ)
Have you got anything to say?
I had something to eat this morning .
作主語(yǔ)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
注：作主語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)詞不定式常常為it替代，動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語(yǔ)）放在后面。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It took us three days to do the work.
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式由"not+動(dòng)詞不定式"構(gòu)成. 如:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情況: 在感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役動(dòng)詞make，have，let等所接的賓語(yǔ)中（不定式做賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)），不定式應(yīng)省去to。但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what ,which, how, where, when 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：
The question is when to start.
I don't know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！
翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
8.Have you got anything to say?
9.There are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don't know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
解析：1、To grow plants做主語(yǔ)；2、to hear your voice做主語(yǔ)；3、to be a pilot作表語(yǔ)；4、to read and write作賓語(yǔ)；5、to speak more loudly作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；6、to see me作狀語(yǔ)；7、to see you作狀語(yǔ)；8、to say作定語(yǔ)；9、to see作定語(yǔ)；10、not to open the window作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；11、what to buy作賓語(yǔ)；12、dance作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（省略to）；13、clean the room作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（省略to）；14、to speak English作狀語(yǔ)；15、to find his watch作狀語(yǔ)；16、to go there together with me作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！
選擇答案填空：
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn
2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared
3. We felt the earth _______.
A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read
5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit
6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do
7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering
8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.
A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak
9. I'm going to the library ______ the books.
A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend
10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do
11. The funny story _______ me laugh.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest
13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all
the work.
A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for
14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce
16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what to work it out B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out D. how to work out it
19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?
--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA
不定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形
知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是"to + 動(dòng)詞原形"，有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式（或不定式短語(yǔ)）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式仍可保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)：
句法作用
例 句
作賓語(yǔ)
She wanted to borrowed my radio.
They began to read and write.
作狀語(yǔ)
She went to see her grandma last Sunday .
He came to give us a talk yesterday.
作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.
She asked me to speak more loudly
Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .
The father made his son study hard.
作定語(yǔ)
Have you got anything to say?
I had something to eat this morning .
作主語(yǔ)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
注：作主語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)詞不定式常常為it替代，動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語(yǔ)）放在后面。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It took us three days to do the work.
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式由"not+動(dòng)詞不定式"構(gòu)成. 如:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情況: 在感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役動(dòng)詞make，have，let等所接的賓語(yǔ)中（不定式做賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)），不定式應(yīng)省去to。但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what ,which, how, where, when 等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：
The question is when to start.
I don't know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！
翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
8.Have you got anything to say?
9.There are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don't know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
解析：1、To grow plants做主語(yǔ)；2、to hear your voice做主語(yǔ)；3、to be a pilot作表語(yǔ)；4、to read and write作賓語(yǔ)；5、to speak more loudly作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；6、to see me作狀語(yǔ)；7、to see you作狀語(yǔ)；8、to say作定語(yǔ)；9、to see作定語(yǔ)；10、not to open the window作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；11、what to buy作賓語(yǔ)；12、dance作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（省略to）；13、clean the room作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（省略to）；14、to speak English作狀語(yǔ)；15、to find his watch作狀語(yǔ)；16、to go there together with me作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！
選擇答案填空：
1. Tell him ______ the light.
A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn
2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared
3. We felt the earth _______.
A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved
4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read
5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.
A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit
6. Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do
7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering
8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.
A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak
9. I'm going to the library ______ the books.
A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend
10. We went to town _________ some shopping.
A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do
11. The funny story _______ me laugh.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest
13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all
the work.
A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for
14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking
15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce
16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take
17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?
--- Sure.
A. what to work it out B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out D. how to work out it
19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?
--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?
--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA