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    一、課文序言介紹
    英文原文：Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder. A freight forwarder should have a working knowledge of procedures prevalent in ports in order to provide an efficient service to clients.
    注釋：customs clearance: 結(jié)關(guān)，清關(guān)，import-export trade: 進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易 traditional: 傳統(tǒng)的，慣例的 function: 功能，作用，職責(zé) working knowledge: 能夠?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用的 procedure: 程序，手續(xù) prevalent: 普遍的，流行的 efficient: 有效率的，生效的 client: 客戶
    中文意思：在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易中，清關(guān)是貨運(yùn)代理的一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)職能。貨運(yùn)代理應(yīng)了解各港口常見的手續(xù)以便為客戶提供高效的服務(wù)。
    英文原文：The basic customs laws or regulations applicable to the arrival and departure of ships and to goods imported or exported are more or less the same in most countries although they may differ in procedural and documentary details.
    注釋：customs laws: 海關(guān)法規(guī) regulation: 規(guī)則，規(guī)章 applicable: 適用的 arrival: 到港 departure: 離港 more or less: 或多或少 differ: 不同，不一致 procedural and documentary details: 程序和文件的細(xì)節(jié)
    中文意思：盡管各國在程序和文件的細(xì)節(jié)上可能會(huì)有不同，但在許多國家，對(duì)于船舶的到港和離港適用的基本的海關(guān)法規(guī)或多或少總有相同之處。
    英文原文：However in several countries there is legislation for controlling and regulating imports and exports. The rules or regulations issued under such legislation will also have to be followed in customs clearance.
    注釋：several:　在這里為“個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的”意思legislation:立法，法律的制定(或通過) controlling: 控制 regulating: 調(diào)節(jié) follow in: 跟隨，跟從
    中文意思：但是在個(gè)別國家，有特定的立法控制和調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)出口。在辦理的時(shí)候也需按照此立法下的法規(guī)辦理相關(guān)程序。
    進(jìn)出口船舶運(yùn)輸貨物的基本程序包括了到港手續(xù)，離港手續(xù)和清關(guān)，具體如下：
    三、離港手續(xù)
    英文原文：Export goods can be loaded on to the vessel only if the necessary permit, “Entry Outwards”, is given by the customs authorities and proper documents duly passed by customs are delivered by the exporters to the master or the person in charge of the ship.
    注釋：Entry Outwards出口報(bào)關(guān)單 proper: 適當(dāng)?shù)?，正確的 duly: 適時(shí)地 in charge of: 負(fù)責(zé)，經(jīng)營，照顧
    中文意思：出口商品只有獲得海關(guān)*的必要許可——出口報(bào)關(guān)單，并由出口商提供經(jīng)海關(guān)及時(shí)通過的適當(dāng)文件給船長(zhǎng)或管理船舶的人后，出口商品才可以裝上船。
    英文原文：A vessel which has brought any imports or has loaded exports can leave a port only when written permission, known as “port clearance”, is granted by customs authorities.
    注釋：import: 在這里指“進(jìn)口貨，輸入商品” export: 在這里指“出口貨，輸出商品” written: 書面的，成文的 permission: 許可，允許 port clearance: 結(jié)關(guān)單
    中文意思：任何運(yùn)入進(jìn)口商品或裝運(yùn)出口商品的船舶只有得到了海關(guān)*授予的書面許可——結(jié)關(guān)單，才能離港。
    英文原文：Application for port clearance has to be made before the intended departure of a vessel and has to be accompanied by the Export Manifest showing particulars of the cargo loaded and such documents as may be required by the customs authorities.
    注釋：application: 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求 intended: 有意的，故意的 accompany: 附上，伴隨 Export Manifest: 出口載貨清單，出口艙單 particular: 詳細(xì)說明，資料
    中文意思：在船要離港之前必須申請(qǐng)結(jié)關(guān)并同時(shí)附上表明貨物詳細(xì)情況的出口載貨清單和其他海關(guān)*所要求的這樣的文件。