1.倒裝:
英語的一般語序為:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語(或表語) + (狀語等附加成分)。有時為了語法上或修辭上的需要而改變這種語序,如將謂語動詞放到主語的前面,就稱為倒裝。因語法需要的倒裝稱為“語法倒裝”,例如英語中的疑問句多采用倒裝形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辭需要,如為了強調(diào)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)均衡或承上啟下等目的倒裝,稱為“修辭性倒裝”,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山頂上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。
就應(yīng)試而言,以下倒裝現(xiàn)象應(yīng)給予特別注意(按考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率高低順序排列):
1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定詞開頭的句子,比較:
例1
正常語序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
倒裝語序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
(我永遠不會忘記初上大學(xué)的那些日子)
例2
正常語序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
倒裝語序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
(直到最近我才知道什么叫市場經(jīng)濟。)
以上兩個句子采用倒裝語序的主要目的是為了強調(diào)。
在這一節(jié)中,要特別注意以下三個倒裝句型:
not until… ,見以上例2
no sooner …than…, 例如:
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
(她剛念完這首詩,學(xué)生們就開始向她提問題了。)
hardly …when …,與 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞錯了,既:
Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.
英語的一般語序為:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語(或表語) + (狀語等附加成分)。有時為了語法上或修辭上的需要而改變這種語序,如將謂語動詞放到主語的前面,就稱為倒裝。因語法需要的倒裝稱為“語法倒裝”,例如英語中的疑問句多采用倒裝形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辭需要,如為了強調(diào)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)均衡或承上啟下等目的倒裝,稱為“修辭性倒裝”,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山頂上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。
就應(yīng)試而言,以下倒裝現(xiàn)象應(yīng)給予特別注意(按考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率高低順序排列):
1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定詞開頭的句子,比較:
例1
正常語序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
倒裝語序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
(我永遠不會忘記初上大學(xué)的那些日子)
例2
正常語序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
倒裝語序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
(直到最近我才知道什么叫市場經(jīng)濟。)
以上兩個句子采用倒裝語序的主要目的是為了強調(diào)。
在這一節(jié)中,要特別注意以下三個倒裝句型:
not until… ,見以上例2
no sooner …than…, 例如:
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
(她剛念完這首詩,學(xué)生們就開始向她提問題了。)
hardly …when …,與 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞錯了,既:
Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.