元旦的由來(lái)英語(yǔ)版
    中國(guó)元旦
     中國(guó)元旦歷來(lái)指的是農(nóng)(夏、陰)歷正月初一。元是“初”、“始”的意思，旦 歡度元旦
    指“日子”，元旦合稱即是“初始的日子”，也就是一年的第一天。在漢語(yǔ)各地語(yǔ)言中有不同叫法，有叫“大年初一”的，有叫“大天初一”的，有叫“年初一”的，一般又叫“正月初一”。 元旦，《書(shū)·舜典》中叫“元日”，漢代崔瑗《三子釵銘》中叫“元正”；晉代庾闡《揚(yáng)都賦》中稱作“元辰”；北齊時(shí)的一篇《元會(huì)大享歌皇夏辭》中呼為“元春”；唐德宗李適《元日退朝觀軍仗歸營(yíng)》詩(shī)中謂之“元朔”。 我國(guó)歷代元旦的月日并不一致。夏代在正月初一，商代在十二月初一，周代在十一月初一，秦始皇統(tǒng)一六國(guó)后，又以十月初一日為元旦，自此歷代相沿未改（《史記》）。漢武帝太初元年時(shí)，司馬遷創(chuàng)立了“太初歷”，這才又以正月初一為元旦，和夏代規(guī)定一樣，所以又稱“夏歷”，一直沿用到辛亥革命。中華民國(guó)建立，孫中山為了“行夏正，所以順農(nóng)時(shí)；從西歷，所以便統(tǒng)計(jì)”，定正月初一（元旦）為春節(jié)，而以西歷（公歷）1月1日為新年。 在當(dāng)代，元旦指公元紀(jì)年的歲首第2天。自西歷傳入我國(guó)以后，元旦一詞便專用于新年，傳統(tǒng)的舊歷年則稱春節(jié)。 公元1911年，孫中山領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的辛亥革命，*了滿清的統(tǒng)治，建立了中華民國(guó)。各省都督代表在南京開(kāi)會(huì)，決定使用公歷，把農(nóng)歷的正月初一叫做“春節(jié)”，把公歷的1月1日叫做“元旦”。不過(guò)當(dāng)時(shí)并未正式公布和命名。 為了“行夏正，所以順農(nóng)時(shí)，從西歷，所以便統(tǒng)計(jì)”，民國(guó)元年決定使用公歷（實(shí)際使用是1912年），并規(guī)定陽(yáng)歷（公歷）1月1日為“新年”，但并不叫“元旦”。 今天所說(shuō)的“元旦”，是新中國(guó)成立前夕的公元1949年9月27日，中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議決議：“中華人民共和國(guó)紀(jì)年采用公元紀(jì)年法”，即是我們所說(shuō)的陽(yáng)歷，為了區(qū)別農(nóng)歷和陽(yáng)歷兩個(gè)新年，又鑒于農(nóng)歷二十四節(jié)氣中的“立春”恰在農(nóng)歷新年的前后，因此便把農(nóng)歷正月初一改稱為“春節(jié)”，陽(yáng)歷一月一日定為“元旦”，至此，元旦才成為全國(guó)人民的歡樂(lè)節(jié)日。
    編輯本段元旦起源
     元旦
    古代中國(guó)的元旦日，并非如今通用的“格列歷”——公歷的1月1日。從殷代定農(nóng)歷十二月初一為歲首，到漢代定在農(nóng)歷正月初一為歲首，曾有多次反反復(fù)復(fù)的改變。到民國(guó)時(shí)孫中山于1912年1月初在南京就任臨時(shí)大總統(tǒng)時(shí)為“順農(nóng)時(shí)”、“便統(tǒng)計(jì)”，定農(nóng)歷正月初一為春節(jié)，改公歷1月1日稱為歲首“新年”，但仍稱“元旦”。直到解放后中央人民政府頒布統(tǒng)一使用“全國(guó)年節(jié)和紀(jì)念日放假辦法”，將公歷1月1日規(guī)定為元旦節(jié)，并決定全國(guó)在此節(jié)放假一天。同時(shí)為區(qū)別農(nóng)歷和公歷兩個(gè)新年，又鑒于農(nóng)歷二十四個(gè)節(jié)氣中的“立春”，恰在農(nóng)歷新年前后，因此改農(nóng)歷正月初一稱為“春節(jié)”。 “元旦”的“元”，指開(kāi)始，是第一的意思，凡數(shù)之始稱為“元”；“旦”，象形字，上面的“日”代表太陽(yáng)，下面的“一”代表地平線?！暗奔刺?yáng)從地平線上冉冉升起，象征一日的開(kāi)始。人們把“元”和“旦”兩個(gè)字結(jié)合起來(lái)，就引申為新年開(kāi)始的第一天。元旦又稱“三元”，即歲之元、月之元、時(shí)之元。元旦一詞最早始于三皇五帝，唐房玄齡等人寫(xiě)的《晉書(shū)》上載:“顓帝以孟春正月為元，其時(shí)正朔元旦之春。”即把正月稱為元，初一為旦。南朝梁人蘭子云的《介雅》詩(shī)也云:“四氣新元旦，萬(wàn)壽初今朝?！?還有個(gè)傳說(shuō)，是在4000多年前遠(yuǎn)古的堯舜盛世之時(shí)，堯天子在位時(shí)勤政于民為百姓辦了很多好事，很受廣大百姓愛(ài)戴，但因其子無(wú)才不太成器，他沒(méi)把“天子”的皇位傳給自己的兒子，而是傳給了品德才能兼?zhèn)涞乃?。堯?qū)λ凑f(shuō):“你今后一定要把帝位傳交好，待我死后也可安心瞑目了?！焙髞?lái)舜把帝位傳給了治洪水有功的禹，禹亦像舜那樣親民愛(ài)民為百姓做了很多好事，都十分受人愛(ài)戴。后來(lái)人們把堯死后，舜帝祭祀天地和先帝堯的那一天，當(dāng)作一年的開(kāi)始之日，把正月初一稱為“元旦”，或“元正”，這就是古代的元旦。歷代皇朝都在元旦舉行慶賀典儀祈祀等活動(dòng)，如祭諸神祭先祖，寫(xiě)門(mén)對(duì)掛春聯(lián)，書(shū)寫(xiě)福字、舞龍燈，民間也逐漸形成祭神佛、祭祖先、貼春聯(lián)、放鞭炮、守歲、吃團(tuán)圓飯以及眾多的“社火”等娛樂(lè)歡慶活動(dòng)。晉代詩(shī)人辛蘭曾有《元正》詩(shī):“元正啟令節(jié)，嘉慶肇自茲。咸奏萬(wàn)年觴，小大同悅熙。”記述元旦慶賀情景。 在民國(guó)以后雖然定1月1日為新年，當(dāng)時(shí)只有機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校以及外國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)的洋行大商號(hào)等才放假1天，老百姓并不承認(rèn)，仍延承古時(shí)舊習(xí)以農(nóng)歷初一為新年，因此老北京的街市上與民間均沒(méi)有什么歡慶活動(dòng)。解放后將1月1日歲首改稱為“元旦”節(jié)后，政府仍按照幾千年來(lái)使用的農(nóng)歷歷法按農(nóng)時(shí)節(jié)令，在立春前后冬閑時(shí)期的“春節(jié)”放假三天，民間辦“廟會(huì)”等歡慶，傳承百姓的心愿和千百年的民俗。
    編輯本段元旦含義
     1、中國(guó)古代稱新年第一天為“元旦”或元日、元長(zhǎng)、元朔、元春，具體日期在西漢以前各不相同，西漢漢武帝太初元年，司馬遷創(chuàng)“太初歷”，以正月初一日為元
    Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year has always refers to farmers (summer, Yin) calendar of the first month. Yuan is "beginning", "beginning" meaning, celebrating the New Year's day cutted
    Refers to the "day", New Year's day, the company that is "initial day", also is the first day of the year. In Chinese language has various hyphenates around, there are called "lunar New Year", have called "big days month", have called on New Year's day ", and generally called "the first month". New Year's day, book, shun Canon "in han dynasty YuanRi", called "the Chai inscription been reflected cui eliphelet of call" yuan is "; YuChan "jin Yang ode in called" magic "; $ When a piece of beiqi the yuan will be multiplied song imperial summer phrase "shout for" yuan; the spring" One YuanRi back toward the LiShi view to camp in the poem of military battle in the "yuan" shobach ". In the past dynasties on June 21 is not uniform. In the first month, system of shang, zhou dynasty in December month in November, qin shihuang unified after six month, and the first day in October for New Year's day, has not changed since past dynasties (shiji). In the beginning, yuan emperor, sima qian created the "the beginning calendar", this ability again with the first day of the first lunar New Year's day, and took provisions as, say again so "XiaLi", have been used to the revolution of 1911. The republic of China in order to establish, sun yat-sen, so summer "line is the farming; from the western, so that statistics", set the first month (New Year's day), and for the Spring Festival in the western calendar January 1st as New Year's day. In contemporary, New Year's day, refers to the Christian era of at the first 2 days. Since the western introduced into China, New Year's day after a word was dedicated to the New Year, the traditional JiuLiNian says the Spring Festival. A.D. 1911, under the leadership of the revolution of 1911, sun yat-sen overthrew the rule of the manchu, established the republic of China. Our representatives meeting in nanjing provinces, decided to use the lunar calendar, the day of the first month called "Spring Festival, the Gregorian calendar on January 1, called" New Year's day ". But did not officially announced and the naming. In order to "line summer is, so the farming from the western, so that statistics Taiwan," the first decided to use the calendar (actual use is 1912), and stipulates the Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar) January 1 as "happy New Year", but not call "New Year's day". Said today "New Year's day", is the eve of the founding of the 1949 on September 27, the Chinese people's political consultative conference first plenary session resolution: "the People's Republic of China by the Christian confence approved, that is what we call the solar calendar, in order to distinguish the lunar New Year, and two to the solar calendar in view of the lunar year" of "24 solar terms in just before and after the lunar New Year, so he put on the lunar calendar renamed" Spring Festival ", the solar calendar as "New Year's day on January 1, thus, the New Year's day to become national people's joy festival.
    Edit this section on New Year's day origin
    New Year's day
    Ancient Chinese New Year's day, not now universal "which Gregorian calendar almanac" - January 1. From the Yin and set the twelfth lunar month of the first year, to the han dynasty set at the lunar calendar year, had many times for repeated change. To the republic of sun yat-sen in 1912, when early January as temporary President in nanjing for "sunlink farming", "then statistics", decide on the lunar calendar for the Spring Festival, changing the Gregorian calendar year on January 1, called "New Year", but it is still called "New Year's day". Until the central people's government promulgated the liberation unified use "national festival and anniversaries holidays approach", the Gregorian calendar January 1 provisions for New Year's day, and decide the national in the period have the day off. At the same time for the lunar calendar year and difference between the two, and in view of the lunar year of "four and twenty solar term", just before the lunar New Year, so change on the lunar calendar is called "Spring Festival". "New" yuan ", refers to start, is the first meaning, every few beginning called "yuan", "Denier", XiangXingZi, above the "day" refers to the sun, "a" representative below the horizon. "Denier" namely the sun rising slowly on the horizon, the symbol of the day's start. People put "yuan" and "denier" talaq, extended to combine the first day of the New Year begins. New Year's day is also called "ternary", namely the yuan, months of age of yuan yuan,. New Year's day the word begins with the memorial rituals, tang and five sovereigns FangXuanLing etc. Write the chapter "upload:" in the MengChun emperor xu is yuan, when the spring of New Year's day is shomer." Namely the called yuan, of the first eruptions. In the interface LanZiYun beam people azariah poems also cloud: "four gas new New Year's day, WanShouChu today." There is a legend, in more than 4,000 years ago ancient ChengShiZhi, emperor shun many legends of diligent in people for people do many good thing, very receives general people love, but because of its have no just not quite useful implement, he didn't, "the emperor's throne" to his own son, but passed the character can shrugging shun. Yao to shun said: "your future must preach cosied up, stay kingship over human beings after my death also can ease gently." Later shun the kingship over human beings to cure the flood of yu, yu meritorious as close to people also like shun featured for the people did a lot of good and is really loved. The people later put yao died, ShunDi sacrifice to heaven and earth first emperor yao that day, as a year starting date, the day of the first month called "New Year's day", or "yuan is", this is the ancient New Year's day. Successive royal are held DianYi unlikelihood on New Year's day celebration activities, such as sacrificial offering the gods offering ancestors, write who hang Spring Festival couplets and writing hang "happiness" upside down, WuLongDeng, folk also gradually formed offering is hit, worshipping, before Spring Festival couplet, firecracker, ShouSui, eat a big dinner and numerous "poses of entertainment festivities. Jin XinLan had the poet is poem: "RMB yuan is rev. Make section, jiaqing arises from this. Salty played sandy-loamed, small datong yue years corvee." New Year's day celebration scene accounts. In the republic of China after although set January 1st as New Year's day, when only organs, schools and foreign business of foreign big business such as 1 day, people only holiday, still do not admit in the eve of the lunar New Year old stereotypes turbine blades &vanes as well as for the New Year, so old Beijing streets and folk are not what the festivities. After liberation to January 1 year New Year's day festival renamed ", according to the government still use the thousands of years of Chinese lunar calendar in spring festive, according to farming DongXian before and after the period of "Spring Festival" three-day holidays, folk do "temple fair" wait for celebration, inheriting the people wish and thousands of folk.
    Edit this section on New Year's meaning
    1, China ancient times says the New Year's day New Year's day "or" YuanRi, yuan long, yuan to new moon and yuan dynasty, specific date in spring before each are not identical, emperor han too early, sima qian and first "too early to calendar" the month for yuan