本部分為一篇300~450詞的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇l個(gè)答案。
表面上來(lái)看，完形填空就是要求考生把每個(gè)句子中刪掉的詞給恢復(fù)出來(lái)。實(shí)際上，它考查應(yīng)試者能否正確把握文章內(nèi)容的能力，以及對(duì)于一定語(yǔ)境中規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言成分的掌握。它不僅測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在句子水平上運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，它還測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在語(yǔ)篇水平上綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。因?yàn)?，選擇填空中的填空是與文章的上下文有緊密聯(lián)系的，不是孤立的、不相關(guān)的。因此，要做好選擇填空題，必須首先通讀整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法、照應(yīng)關(guān)系、語(yǔ)篇的組織結(jié)構(gòu)等信息，通過(guò)邏輯推理和語(yǔ)用推理等手段最后確定答案。
下面我們通過(guò)一篇短文來(lái)具體講解如何做選擇填空題。
請(qǐng)看這篇短文，文中有15處空白，每個(gè)空白處有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案。
Television
Television is the greatest communication medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an endless amount of opinions and information and (1) moral and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme teaches us something. It is never a neutral (中立的) (2). For example, how and when public issues are (3) depends in large part on how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment __________ (4) news and public affairs programmes.
What the American people think about government and politics in _________ (5), as well as a favorite candidate in particular, is largely influenced by (6).
Unfortunately commercial television seldom (7) anything of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility (敵意) (8) television because they know most TV programmes are (9) poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are even harmful.
The question is: how can television be improved? There are many things the ordinary __________ (10) can do. For example, he (11) complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He can (12) citizens' groups to urge local TV stations to improve their programmes._______ (13), these groups should propose regular analyses of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to (14) the influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our most exciting medium if we just think about (15) to improve it.
1. A finds B absorbs C sets D mends
2. A consequence B influence C result D purpose
3. A spoken B handled C watched D noticed
4. A as well as B also C but D together
5. A all B short C general D name
6. A entertainment B news C progremmes D television
7. A damages B contributes C hands D takes
8. A toward B in C on D over
9. A with B in C of D among
10. A reader B participant C listener D viewer
11. A can B does C should D ought to
12. A let B gather C organize D make
13. A As a result B As a matter of fact C In contrast D In addition
14. A determine B refuse C involve D receive
15. A tracks B roads C ways D programmes
以下是每道題目的講解：
1 答案為C。"…sets moral and artistic standards for all of US."……給我們制定道德和 藝術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。set與standards搭配是制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的意思。
2 答案為B。此題所在的句子的意思是：電視給我們的從來(lái)不是中立的影響。從上 下文來(lái)看，influence(影響)最為合適。選項(xiàng)A：consequence的意思是"后果"：．選項(xiàng)C：result的意思是"結(jié)果"；選項(xiàng)D：purpose的意思是"目的"。
3 答案為B。從搭配的角度來(lái)講，handled最為合適。…public issues are handled…指 "處理公眾問(wèn)題。"
4 答案為A。此句的意思是：一些公共事物如何處理、何時(shí)處理，在很大程度上取決于電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)在新聞和公眾事務(wù)以及娛樂(lè)節(jié)目中如何處理這些事情。as well as表示"以及"。
5 答案為C。下面的搭配都是正確的：in all(總共：總之)，in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之)，in general(總體上；一般地)，in name(名義上)。但從上下文來(lái)看，in general最合適。
6 答案為D。文章的主題是談電視，因此在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中television是最合適的詞。
7 答案為B。此句話的意思是：不幸的是，商業(yè)電視很少對(duì)我們的生活能提供有價(jià) 值的東西。contribute常跟to(或towards)搭配。
8 答案為A。a deep hostility toward television：對(duì)電視懷有深深的敵意。hostility常跟toward(或to)搭配。
9 答案為C?！璵ost TV programmes are of poor quality…大多數(shù)的電視節(jié)目質(zhì)量很 差。由of起始的介詞詞組出現(xiàn)在be類動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，該詞組說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。因此C為答案。
10 答案為D。viewer有多種意義，其中之一就是"看電視的人"。不用多說(shuō)，根據(jù)上下文，此處D最為合適。
11 答案為A。英文文章較多的寫法是從一般到具體。There are many things the ordinary viewer can do．For example，he can complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising．(一個(gè)看電視的普通人有許多事可做。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，他可以就觸犯性廣告向當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娨暸_(tái)提出*。) "for example"是論述從一般到具體的一個(gè)標(biāo)記。文章第二段先用in general，后用in particular，也是這種寫法的體現(xiàn)。由于上文用了can，下文自然用can更好些。另外，can此處具有"建議"'的功能，因此比較客氣和民主。
12 答案為C。let的填入產(chǎn)生的是語(yǔ)法上錯(cuò)誤的句子。9ather有"聚集"的意思。從上下文的意思來(lái)看，organize(組織)更為合適。make填入空格，造出的也是一個(gè)錯(cuò)句。
13 答案為D?？崭?13)和(14)之間的句子說(shuō)的是：這些小組應(yīng)該提議，由教育家、醫(yī)生等人定期對(duì)具體的電視商業(yè)廣告和節(jié)目作分析。這是市民小組又一件應(yīng)做的事。因此，空白處應(yīng)填in addition (另外)。
14答案為A。由教育家、醫(yī)生等人定期對(duì)具體的電視商業(yè)廣告和節(jié)目作分析的目的 自然是要確定這些節(jié)目對(duì)兒童和成年人的影響。因此，determine(確定)是最合適的選擇。
15 答案為C。ways to improve it指"改進(jìn)電視的方法"。其他的搭配均不妥。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)C：ways有方法的意思。選項(xiàng)A：tracks的意思是軌跡；選項(xiàng)B：roads的意思是道路；選項(xiàng)D：programmes的意思是節(jié)目。
表面上來(lái)看，完形填空就是要求考生把每個(gè)句子中刪掉的詞給恢復(fù)出來(lái)。實(shí)際上，它考查應(yīng)試者能否正確把握文章內(nèi)容的能力，以及對(duì)于一定語(yǔ)境中規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言成分的掌握。它不僅測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在句子水平上運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，它還測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在語(yǔ)篇水平上綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。因?yàn)?，選擇填空中的填空是與文章的上下文有緊密聯(lián)系的，不是孤立的、不相關(guān)的。因此，要做好選擇填空題，必須首先通讀整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法、照應(yīng)關(guān)系、語(yǔ)篇的組織結(jié)構(gòu)等信息，通過(guò)邏輯推理和語(yǔ)用推理等手段最后確定答案。
下面我們通過(guò)一篇短文來(lái)具體講解如何做選擇填空題。
請(qǐng)看這篇短文，文中有15處空白，每個(gè)空白處有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)答案。
Television
Television is the greatest communication medium ever designed and operated by man. It sends into the human brain an endless amount of opinions and information and (1) moral and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme teaches us something. It is never a neutral (中立的) (2). For example, how and when public issues are (3) depends in large part on how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment __________ (4) news and public affairs programmes.
What the American people think about government and politics in _________ (5), as well as a favorite candidate in particular, is largely influenced by (6).
Unfortunately commercial television seldom (7) anything of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility (敵意) (8) television because they know most TV programmes are (9) poor quality and that sometimes these programmes are even harmful.
The question is: how can television be improved? There are many things the ordinary __________ (10) can do. For example, he (11) complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He can (12) citizens' groups to urge local TV stations to improve their programmes._______ (13), these groups should propose regular analyses of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc. to (14) the influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our most exciting medium if we just think about (15) to improve it.
1. A finds B absorbs C sets D mends
2. A consequence B influence C result D purpose
3. A spoken B handled C watched D noticed
4. A as well as B also C but D together
5. A all B short C general D name
6. A entertainment B news C progremmes D television
7. A damages B contributes C hands D takes
8. A toward B in C on D over
9. A with B in C of D among
10. A reader B participant C listener D viewer
11. A can B does C should D ought to
12. A let B gather C organize D make
13. A As a result B As a matter of fact C In contrast D In addition
14. A determine B refuse C involve D receive
15. A tracks B roads C ways D programmes
以下是每道題目的講解：
1 答案為C。"…sets moral and artistic standards for all of US."……給我們制定道德和 藝術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。set與standards搭配是制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的意思。
2 答案為B。此題所在的句子的意思是：電視給我們的從來(lái)不是中立的影響。從上 下文來(lái)看，influence(影響)最為合適。選項(xiàng)A：consequence的意思是"后果"：．選項(xiàng)C：result的意思是"結(jié)果"；選項(xiàng)D：purpose的意思是"目的"。
3 答案為B。從搭配的角度來(lái)講，handled最為合適。…public issues are handled…指 "處理公眾問(wèn)題。"
4 答案為A。此句的意思是：一些公共事物如何處理、何時(shí)處理，在很大程度上取決于電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)在新聞和公眾事務(wù)以及娛樂(lè)節(jié)目中如何處理這些事情。as well as表示"以及"。
5 答案為C。下面的搭配都是正確的：in all(總共：總之)，in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之)，in general(總體上；一般地)，in name(名義上)。但從上下文來(lái)看，in general最合適。
6 答案為D。文章的主題是談電視，因此在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中television是最合適的詞。
7 答案為B。此句話的意思是：不幸的是，商業(yè)電視很少對(duì)我們的生活能提供有價(jià) 值的東西。contribute常跟to(或towards)搭配。
8 答案為A。a deep hostility toward television：對(duì)電視懷有深深的敵意。hostility常跟toward(或to)搭配。
9 答案為C?！璵ost TV programmes are of poor quality…大多數(shù)的電視節(jié)目質(zhì)量很 差。由of起始的介詞詞組出現(xiàn)在be類動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，該詞組說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。因此C為答案。
10 答案為D。viewer有多種意義，其中之一就是"看電視的人"。不用多說(shuō)，根據(jù)上下文，此處D最為合適。
11 答案為A。英文文章較多的寫法是從一般到具體。There are many things the ordinary viewer can do．For example，he can complain to his local TV stations about offensive advertising．(一個(gè)看電視的普通人有許多事可做。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，他可以就觸犯性廣告向當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娨暸_(tái)提出*。) "for example"是論述從一般到具體的一個(gè)標(biāo)記。文章第二段先用in general，后用in particular，也是這種寫法的體現(xiàn)。由于上文用了can，下文自然用can更好些。另外，can此處具有"建議"'的功能，因此比較客氣和民主。
12 答案為C。let的填入產(chǎn)生的是語(yǔ)法上錯(cuò)誤的句子。9ather有"聚集"的意思。從上下文的意思來(lái)看，organize(組織)更為合適。make填入空格，造出的也是一個(gè)錯(cuò)句。
13 答案為D?？崭?13)和(14)之間的句子說(shuō)的是：這些小組應(yīng)該提議，由教育家、醫(yī)生等人定期對(duì)具體的電視商業(yè)廣告和節(jié)目作分析。這是市民小組又一件應(yīng)做的事。因此，空白處應(yīng)填in addition (另外)。
14答案為A。由教育家、醫(yī)生等人定期對(duì)具體的電視商業(yè)廣告和節(jié)目作分析的目的 自然是要確定這些節(jié)目對(duì)兒童和成年人的影響。因此，determine(確定)是最合適的選擇。
15 答案為C。ways to improve it指"改進(jìn)電視的方法"。其他的搭配均不妥。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)C：ways有方法的意思。選項(xiàng)A：tracks的意思是軌跡；選項(xiàng)B：roads的意思是道路；選項(xiàng)D：programmes的意思是節(jié)目。