1. Sometimes children have trouble ___________ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A. to separate B. separating
C. for separating D. of separating
2. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture.
A. to have students B. for students' being
C. for students to be D. to students' being
3. It's no use ___________ me not to worry.
A. you tell B. your telling
C. for you to have told D. having told
4. ___________ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.
A. At B. In C. For D. On
5. The children prefer camping in the mountains _____________ an indoor activity.
A. to B. than C. for D. with
1．【答案】B
【解析】have trouble (in) doing sth．是固定搭配，作"做某事有困難"講，短語(yǔ)中介詞in可以省略。例如：Andy is one of the students who have trouble making up their mind．安迪是一個(gè)優(yōu)柔寡斷的學(xué)生。Northerners usually have trouble understanding the southerners' accents．通常北方人難以聽懂南方人的口音。
2．【答案】D
【解析】"be used to"作"習(xí)慣于"講時(shí)，其中to為介詞，后可跟動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(即"名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞")。例如：He is used to bellowing at his children．他習(xí)慣對(duì)孩子大吼大叫。He is not used to being spoken to like that．他不習(xí)慣別人用那種方式和他說(shuō)話。
3．【答案】B
【解析】It's no use doing sth．是固定搭配，常用于口語(yǔ)中，意為"做……是沒(méi)有用的"，通常要用動(dòng)名詞的一般式，例如：It's no use crying over spilt milk．覆水難收。It's no use talking to him about it．這件事情跟他談沒(méi)有用。該句型也可用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，指出動(dòng)作的行為主體，例如：It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules．假裝不懂規(guī)則對(duì)你無(wú)用。It's no use our learning theory without practice．我們只學(xué)理論而不付諸實(shí)踐是徒勞無(wú)益的。由此可見，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。該句型中的形式主語(yǔ)it一般不能引出主語(yǔ)從句，不能用動(dòng)名詞的完成式，更不能用不定式的完成式，故A項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都不正確。
4．【答案】C
【解析】for在這里意為"雖然，盡管"，相當(dāng)于in spite of，notwithstanding，例如：For all his efforts，he didn't succeed．雖然他盡了力，但還是沒(méi)有成功。at，in和on則沒(méi)有這種意義和用法。
5．【答案】A
【解析】"prefer A to B"相當(dāng)于"like A berter than B"，例如：I prefer quality toquantity. 我寧要質(zhì)量好而不求數(shù)量多。Nowadays children prefer Tv to reading．如今兒童喜歡看電視，而不喜歡讀書。I know that you prefer tea to coffee．我知道與咖啡相比你更喜歡喝茶。
1. _____________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free B. To free C. Freeing D. Freed
2. ____________ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A. Until B. Before C. From D. Since
3. ___________ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.
A. Giving B. To give
C. Given D. Being given
4. Not only___________ us light, but also it gives us heat.
A. the sun gives B. the sun does give
C. gives the sun D. does the sun give
5. ____________ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A. To give B. Given
C. Giving D. Having given
1．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，該處應(yīng)使用分詞短語(yǔ)，表示原因，因此A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)應(yīng)予以排除。又因?yàn)閒ree和balloon具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)也可以排除。此處使用過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成，例如：Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds．在他的事跡的影響下，他們做了無(wú)數(shù)的好事。
2．【答案】A
【解析】before，from和since與quite recently連用不符合語(yǔ)法；before quite recently一般要與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用；from (since) quite recently一般要與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。until用在否定句中表示"直到……才"之意，例如：It was not until the beginning of the century that man began to realize that it was the brain not the heart that was the center of mind．直到本世紀(jì)初，人們才逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，是大腦而不是心臟是思維活動(dòng)的中心。由此可見，A項(xiàng)是正確答案。
3．【答案】C
【解析】過(guò)去分詞given有時(shí)可以作介詞，后跟名詞，可作"如果有"講，相當(dāng)于"with"，例如：Given much more time，he would have done it much better．如果給他更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)做得更好。Given good weather，our ship will reach Bombay Friday．假如天氣好，我們的船星期五就會(huì)到達(dá)孟買。Given the opportunity，he might well have become an outstanding painter．如果有機(jī)會(huì)，他也能成為一位杰出的畫家。
4．【答案】D
【解析】當(dāng)at no time，by no means，hardly，in no case，in no time，in no way，in vain，neither，never，no sooner，nor，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，seldom，under no condition，under no circumstances等具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)或從句位于句首且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂要部分倒裝，例如：Not only does she sing like an angel，but also dances divinely．她不但歌唱得像天使一樣，而且舞跳得也跟天仙一般。由此可見D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5．【答案】B
【解析】過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)一般要和句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但是，有時(shí)句子中的過(guò)去分詞雖然和句子主語(yǔ)不是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但卻符合語(yǔ)法，因?yàn)檫@些過(guò)去分詞功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞或介詞，given就是其中之一。given可用作介詞，意為"考慮到，假定，假如"，例如：Given the weather，the football game was quite good．考慮到天氣因素，這場(chǎng)足球賽踢得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him．考慮到他還是個(gè)孩子，我就原諒他了。
1. I shall tell you what he __________ at three o'clock yesterday afternoon.
A. was doing B. did C. had been doing D. has done
2. Jack wishes that he __________ business instead of history when hewas in university.
A. studied B. study
C. had been studying D. had studied
3. Today children __________ everywhere in China.
A. take good care of B. have taken good care of
C. had been taken good care of D. are being taken good care of
4. If you ___________ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
A. were not, would not put B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put
5. The winter vacation ___________ over, he got clown to his work again.
A. was B. were C. had been D. being
1．【答案】A
【解析】此題旨在考查時(shí)態(tài)，題中的at three o'clock yesterday afternoon是明顯的一般過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此該題應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
2．【答案】D
【解析】wish后可跟賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。例如：I wished that I had never met you．我要是沒(méi)有遇見你就好了。I wish we had been traveling yesterday when the weather was so fine．昨天天氣很好，我們要是去旅游就好了。
3．【答案】D
【解析】由于在句中作主語(yǔ)的children和take care of具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此該處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)不合適。C項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today不搭配，可見只有D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句意，我們可以看出，這里需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)一般過(guò)去的假設(shè)。例如：If the facts had been collected earlier，we would have had more time to study them．
如果這些材料早些時(shí)候就搜集到，我們就會(huì)有更多的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究了。If natural resources had been fully utilized，industry would have developed more rapidly．如果自然資源得到了充分利用，工業(yè)的發(fā)展本可以更快些。
5．【答案】D
【解析】在本句中沒(méi)有任何連詞，因此，這里不可能是兩個(gè)完整的句子，而只能一個(gè)是句子主干，另一個(gè)是非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，可見A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)全錯(cuò)。正確答案為D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)?the winter vacation being over"是一獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間，例如：Nobody having any more to say，the meeting was closed．大家都沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的了，會(huì)議就結(jié)束了。
1. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she____________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get B. were to get
C. had got D. could have got
2. "John isn't here now.""__________ left by the back door?"
A. Must he have B. Might he have
C. Had he D. Should he have
3. ____________ that you were out, I wouldn't have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.
A. If I should know B. If I know
C. Had I known D. Were I to know
4. __________ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not B. If it were not
C. Had it not been D. If we had not been
5. If the whole operation ___________ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned D. were not planned
1．【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出，think后面需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而A項(xiàng)是陳述語(yǔ)氣，故與題意不符。D項(xiàng)不能用在虛擬條件從句中，故也應(yīng)排除。C項(xiàng)須用在與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句中，根據(jù)句意我們可以看出，本句的虛擬時(shí)間是將來(lái)時(shí)，因此，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，B項(xiàng)正確，例如：If they were to talk over the problem again，they would get the right solution．如果他們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題再討論一次，他們就會(huì)找到正確的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。If green plants should disappear some day，there would hardly be any life on the earth．假如有一天綠色植物消失了，地球上就幾乎不會(huì)有什么生命了。
2．【答案】B
【解析】句型might have done表示過(guò)去很小的可能性，例如：A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hating him．一句鼓勵(lì)的話或許就會(huì)使我尊敬他而不是仇視他了。句型must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定推斷，意為"一定，想必"。例如：He must have forgotten to wind the clock last night，didn't he? 他昨晚準(zhǔn)是忘記給表上弦了，不是嗎?句型should have done表示"過(guò)去應(yīng)該做但未做"。這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種特殊表達(dá)方式。例如：You should have snatched a free moment for writing a letter．你本應(yīng)抽空寫封信。
3．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)盡管使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但它表示的是對(duì)一般將來(lái)情況的虛擬，所以時(shí)態(tài)不正確。為了表示語(yǔ)氣上的強(qiáng)調(diào)，在虛擬條件句中可以省略if，而此時(shí)從句應(yīng)使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Had he taken a little more time to think, he might have acted more reasonably．如果他再多用一點(diǎn)時(shí)間思考一下，他的行動(dòng)就可能會(huì)更理智些。盡管D項(xiàng)也使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但它表示的是對(duì)一般將來(lái)情況的虛擬，時(shí)態(tài)不正確?？梢娭挥蠧項(xiàng)正確。
4．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出逗號(hào)后面是使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句，因此，須填人表示與過(guò)去情況相反的虛擬條件句，"if it were not for…"這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為"如果不是……"。例如：If it weren't for his wife's money，he'd never be a director．如果不是他妻子有錢，他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名董事。If it were not for his help，I would never study here．如果沒(méi)有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在這兒學(xué)習(xí)。因此，B項(xiàng)If it were not錯(cuò)誤。"if it had no／been for…"的倒裝形式為"had it not been for…"，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為"如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有……"，主句謂語(yǔ)形式是"would+have done"，例如：If it had not been for Dr．Li，he would have died of smallpox．如果當(dāng)初不是李醫(yī)生的話，他已死于天花了。Had it not been for his carelessness，the project wouldn't have failed．如果不是當(dāng)時(shí)他粗心的話，這項(xiàng)工程不會(huì)失敗。因此，C項(xiàng)Had it not been正確，A項(xiàng)Had it not錯(cuò)誤(如果后跟been，就是正確的了)。D項(xiàng)If we had not been無(wú)此結(jié)構(gòu)。
5．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)主句，我們可以肯定這里考查的是虛擬條件句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題，根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)原則，這里要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，例如：If I had answered the policemen seriously，I would not have been arrested．如果我認(rèn)真地回答了警察的問(wèn)題，我就不會(huì)被逮捕了。
1. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ____________.
A. being settled B. to be settled
C. had settled D. as settled
2. "Not until science became prominent ____________ be abolished", some people argue.
A. did slavery come to B. slavery to
C. had slavery come to D. that slavery came to
3. Jane was advised that she ____________ singing lessons.
A. take B. will take C. had taken D. took
4. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___________ quite such a crowd of people there.
A. weren't B. hasn't been
C. hadn't been D. wouldn't be
5. San Francisco is usually cool in summer, but Los Angeles _____________.
A. is rarely B. is scarcely
C. hardly is D. rarely is
1．【答案】D
【解析】regard sb．／sth．a(chǎn)s是固定搭配，介詞as后可跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞等，例如：He is regarded as a haughty man because of his reserve. 他因?yàn)槌聊蜒?，被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傲慢無(wú)禮的人。He regards her as being without principles．他認(rèn)為她沒(méi)有原則。
2．【答案】A
【解析】如果選B，則主句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；如選D項(xiàng)，則會(huì)有兩個(gè)從句，而沒(méi)有主句。因此，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都錯(cuò)誤。如果選擇A項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)，直接引語(yǔ)部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，根據(jù)句意，主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后，因此，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：The greedy old woman ate and ate until she was full up．這個(gè)貪婪的老太婆不停地吃啊吃，一直吃到很飽為止。另外，需要注意的是，當(dāng)否定詞或含有否定意義的詞組位于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂顛倒。常見的否定詞和具有否定意義的詞組有：at no time，by no means，few，hardly，in neither case，in no case，in no time，in no way，in vain，little，neither，never，no more,no sooner，nor，not，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，scarcely，seldom，still less，under no condition，under no circumstances等，例如：Never in my life have I seen such a wonderful place．我一生中從來(lái)
沒(méi)見過(guò)如此美麗的地方。Not only was Churchill a statesman，but also a great writer．丘吉爾不但是一位政治家，而且也是一位偉大的作家。
3．【答案】A
【解析】在與advise，ask，beg，decide，demand，deserve，desire，insist，intend．maintain，move，order，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest，urge等表示意見、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、勸告、愿望、需要等含義的與動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)要使用動(dòng)詞原形或"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，又如：She decided that she(should)go to Cleveland and see him．她決定到克里夫蘭去看他。又如：It is desired that we(should)take all these factors into consideration．人們希望我們能夠把所有這些因素都考慮進(jìn)去。
4．【答案】C
【解析】虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在條件句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，從句使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句使用"would(should，could，might)+have done"，例如：If the facts had been collected earlier, we would have had more time to study them．如果這些材料早些時(shí)候搜集到，我們就會(huì)有更多的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究了。If I had answered the policemen seriously．I wouId not have been arrested．如果我認(rèn)真地回答警察的問(wèn)題，就不會(huì)被逮捕了。
5．【答案】D
【解析】本句的內(nèi)容是對(duì)舊金山和洛杉磯兩地夏天氣溫的對(duì)比。兩個(gè)分句之間用but來(lái)連接，表示前后意思的轉(zhuǎn)折。前面分句中的usually是表示頻度的副詞，意為"經(jīng)常，通常"，而B項(xiàng)中的scarcely和C項(xiàng)中的hardly均是表示程度的副詞，因此，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都不是正確答案。與usually相對(duì)應(yīng)的頻度副詞是rarely，這些表示頻度的副詞一般放在句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞be之后，主要?jiǎng)釉~之前。題目中后面的分句省略了cool，因此，正確答案應(yīng)該是D項(xiàng)。
A. to separate B. separating
C. for separating D. of separating
2. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture.
A. to have students B. for students' being
C. for students to be D. to students' being
3. It's no use ___________ me not to worry.
A. you tell B. your telling
C. for you to have told D. having told
4. ___________ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.
A. At B. In C. For D. On
5. The children prefer camping in the mountains _____________ an indoor activity.
A. to B. than C. for D. with
1．【答案】B
【解析】have trouble (in) doing sth．是固定搭配，作"做某事有困難"講，短語(yǔ)中介詞in可以省略。例如：Andy is one of the students who have trouble making up their mind．安迪是一個(gè)優(yōu)柔寡斷的學(xué)生。Northerners usually have trouble understanding the southerners' accents．通常北方人難以聽懂南方人的口音。
2．【答案】D
【解析】"be used to"作"習(xí)慣于"講時(shí)，其中to為介詞，后可跟動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(即"名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞")。例如：He is used to bellowing at his children．他習(xí)慣對(duì)孩子大吼大叫。He is not used to being spoken to like that．他不習(xí)慣別人用那種方式和他說(shuō)話。
3．【答案】B
【解析】It's no use doing sth．是固定搭配，常用于口語(yǔ)中，意為"做……是沒(méi)有用的"，通常要用動(dòng)名詞的一般式，例如：It's no use crying over spilt milk．覆水難收。It's no use talking to him about it．這件事情跟他談沒(méi)有用。該句型也可用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，指出動(dòng)作的行為主體，例如：It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules．假裝不懂規(guī)則對(duì)你無(wú)用。It's no use our learning theory without practice．我們只學(xué)理論而不付諸實(shí)踐是徒勞無(wú)益的。由此可見，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。該句型中的形式主語(yǔ)it一般不能引出主語(yǔ)從句，不能用動(dòng)名詞的完成式，更不能用不定式的完成式，故A項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都不正確。
4．【答案】C
【解析】for在這里意為"雖然，盡管"，相當(dāng)于in spite of，notwithstanding，例如：For all his efforts，he didn't succeed．雖然他盡了力，但還是沒(méi)有成功。at，in和on則沒(méi)有這種意義和用法。
5．【答案】A
【解析】"prefer A to B"相當(dāng)于"like A berter than B"，例如：I prefer quality toquantity. 我寧要質(zhì)量好而不求數(shù)量多。Nowadays children prefer Tv to reading．如今兒童喜歡看電視，而不喜歡讀書。I know that you prefer tea to coffee．我知道與咖啡相比你更喜歡喝茶。
1. _____________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free B. To free C. Freeing D. Freed
2. ____________ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A. Until B. Before C. From D. Since
3. ___________ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.
A. Giving B. To give
C. Given D. Being given
4. Not only___________ us light, but also it gives us heat.
A. the sun gives B. the sun does give
C. gives the sun D. does the sun give
5. ____________ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A. To give B. Given
C. Giving D. Having given
1．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出，該處應(yīng)使用分詞短語(yǔ)，表示原因，因此A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)應(yīng)予以排除。又因?yàn)閒ree和balloon具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)也可以排除。此處使用過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成，例如：Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds．在他的事跡的影響下，他們做了無(wú)數(shù)的好事。
2．【答案】A
【解析】before，from和since與quite recently連用不符合語(yǔ)法；before quite recently一般要與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用；from (since) quite recently一般要與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。until用在否定句中表示"直到……才"之意，例如：It was not until the beginning of the century that man began to realize that it was the brain not the heart that was the center of mind．直到本世紀(jì)初，人們才逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，是大腦而不是心臟是思維活動(dòng)的中心。由此可見，A項(xiàng)是正確答案。
3．【答案】C
【解析】過(guò)去分詞given有時(shí)可以作介詞，后跟名詞，可作"如果有"講，相當(dāng)于"with"，例如：Given much more time，he would have done it much better．如果給他更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)做得更好。Given good weather，our ship will reach Bombay Friday．假如天氣好，我們的船星期五就會(huì)到達(dá)孟買。Given the opportunity，he might well have become an outstanding painter．如果有機(jī)會(huì)，他也能成為一位杰出的畫家。
4．【答案】D
【解析】當(dāng)at no time，by no means，hardly，in no case，in no time，in no way，in vain，neither，never，no sooner，nor，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，seldom，under no condition，under no circumstances等具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)或從句位于句首且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂要部分倒裝，例如：Not only does she sing like an angel，but also dances divinely．她不但歌唱得像天使一樣，而且舞跳得也跟天仙一般。由此可見D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5．【答案】B
【解析】過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)一般要和句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但是，有時(shí)句子中的過(guò)去分詞雖然和句子主語(yǔ)不是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但卻符合語(yǔ)法，因?yàn)檫@些過(guò)去分詞功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞或介詞，given就是其中之一。given可用作介詞，意為"考慮到，假定，假如"，例如：Given the weather，the football game was quite good．考慮到天氣因素，這場(chǎng)足球賽踢得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him．考慮到他還是個(gè)孩子，我就原諒他了。
1. I shall tell you what he __________ at three o'clock yesterday afternoon.
A. was doing B. did C. had been doing D. has done
2. Jack wishes that he __________ business instead of history when hewas in university.
A. studied B. study
C. had been studying D. had studied
3. Today children __________ everywhere in China.
A. take good care of B. have taken good care of
C. had been taken good care of D. are being taken good care of
4. If you ___________ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
A. were not, would not put B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put
5. The winter vacation ___________ over, he got clown to his work again.
A. was B. were C. had been D. being
1．【答案】A
【解析】此題旨在考查時(shí)態(tài)，題中的at three o'clock yesterday afternoon是明顯的一般過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此該題應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
2．【答案】D
【解析】wish后可跟賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。例如：I wished that I had never met you．我要是沒(méi)有遇見你就好了。I wish we had been traveling yesterday when the weather was so fine．昨天天氣很好，我們要是去旅游就好了。
3．【答案】D
【解析】由于在句中作主語(yǔ)的children和take care of具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此該處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)不合適。C項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today不搭配，可見只有D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4．【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)句意，我們可以看出，這里需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)一般過(guò)去的假設(shè)。例如：If the facts had been collected earlier，we would have had more time to study them．
如果這些材料早些時(shí)候就搜集到，我們就會(huì)有更多的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究了。If natural resources had been fully utilized，industry would have developed more rapidly．如果自然資源得到了充分利用，工業(yè)的發(fā)展本可以更快些。
5．【答案】D
【解析】在本句中沒(méi)有任何連詞，因此，這里不可能是兩個(gè)完整的句子，而只能一個(gè)是句子主干，另一個(gè)是非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，可見A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)全錯(cuò)。正確答案為D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)?the winter vacation being over"是一獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間，例如：Nobody having any more to say，the meeting was closed．大家都沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的了，會(huì)議就結(jié)束了。
1. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she____________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get B. were to get
C. had got D. could have got
2. "John isn't here now.""__________ left by the back door?"
A. Must he have B. Might he have
C. Had he D. Should he have
3. ____________ that you were out, I wouldn't have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.
A. If I should know B. If I know
C. Had I known D. Were I to know
4. __________ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not B. If it were not
C. Had it not been D. If we had not been
5. If the whole operation ___________ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned D. were not planned
1．【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出，think后面需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而A項(xiàng)是陳述語(yǔ)氣，故與題意不符。D項(xiàng)不能用在虛擬條件從句中，故也應(yīng)排除。C項(xiàng)須用在與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句中，根據(jù)句意我們可以看出，本句的虛擬時(shí)間是將來(lái)時(shí)，因此，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，B項(xiàng)正確，例如：If they were to talk over the problem again，they would get the right solution．如果他們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題再討論一次，他們就會(huì)找到正確的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。If green plants should disappear some day，there would hardly be any life on the earth．假如有一天綠色植物消失了，地球上就幾乎不會(huì)有什么生命了。
2．【答案】B
【解析】句型might have done表示過(guò)去很小的可能性，例如：A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hating him．一句鼓勵(lì)的話或許就會(huì)使我尊敬他而不是仇視他了。句型must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定推斷，意為"一定，想必"。例如：He must have forgotten to wind the clock last night，didn't he? 他昨晚準(zhǔn)是忘記給表上弦了，不是嗎?句型should have done表示"過(guò)去應(yīng)該做但未做"。這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種特殊表達(dá)方式。例如：You should have snatched a free moment for writing a letter．你本應(yīng)抽空寫封信。
3．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)盡管使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但它表示的是對(duì)一般將來(lái)情況的虛擬，所以時(shí)態(tài)不正確。為了表示語(yǔ)氣上的強(qiáng)調(diào)，在虛擬條件句中可以省略if，而此時(shí)從句應(yīng)使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Had he taken a little more time to think, he might have acted more reasonably．如果他再多用一點(diǎn)時(shí)間思考一下，他的行動(dòng)就可能會(huì)更理智些。盡管D項(xiàng)也使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但它表示的是對(duì)一般將來(lái)情況的虛擬，時(shí)態(tài)不正確?？梢娭挥蠧項(xiàng)正確。
4．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出逗號(hào)后面是使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句，因此，須填人表示與過(guò)去情況相反的虛擬條件句，"if it were not for…"這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為"如果不是……"。例如：If it weren't for his wife's money，he'd never be a director．如果不是他妻子有錢，他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名董事。If it were not for his help，I would never study here．如果沒(méi)有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在這兒學(xué)習(xí)。因此，B項(xiàng)If it were not錯(cuò)誤。"if it had no／been for…"的倒裝形式為"had it not been for…"，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為"如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有……"，主句謂語(yǔ)形式是"would+have done"，例如：If it had not been for Dr．Li，he would have died of smallpox．如果當(dāng)初不是李醫(yī)生的話，他已死于天花了。Had it not been for his carelessness，the project wouldn't have failed．如果不是當(dāng)時(shí)他粗心的話，這項(xiàng)工程不會(huì)失敗。因此，C項(xiàng)Had it not been正確，A項(xiàng)Had it not錯(cuò)誤(如果后跟been，就是正確的了)。D項(xiàng)If we had not been無(wú)此結(jié)構(gòu)。
5．【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)主句，我們可以肯定這里考查的是虛擬條件句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題，根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)原則，這里要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，例如：If I had answered the policemen seriously，I would not have been arrested．如果我認(rèn)真地回答了警察的問(wèn)題，我就不會(huì)被逮捕了。
1. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ____________.
A. being settled B. to be settled
C. had settled D. as settled
2. "Not until science became prominent ____________ be abolished", some people argue.
A. did slavery come to B. slavery to
C. had slavery come to D. that slavery came to
3. Jane was advised that she ____________ singing lessons.
A. take B. will take C. had taken D. took
4. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___________ quite such a crowd of people there.
A. weren't B. hasn't been
C. hadn't been D. wouldn't be
5. San Francisco is usually cool in summer, but Los Angeles _____________.
A. is rarely B. is scarcely
C. hardly is D. rarely is
1．【答案】D
【解析】regard sb．／sth．a(chǎn)s是固定搭配，介詞as后可跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞等，例如：He is regarded as a haughty man because of his reserve. 他因?yàn)槌聊蜒?，被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傲慢無(wú)禮的人。He regards her as being without principles．他認(rèn)為她沒(méi)有原則。
2．【答案】A
【解析】如果選B，則主句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；如選D項(xiàng)，則會(huì)有兩個(gè)從句，而沒(méi)有主句。因此，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都錯(cuò)誤。如果選擇A項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)，直接引語(yǔ)部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，根據(jù)句意，主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后，因此，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：The greedy old woman ate and ate until she was full up．這個(gè)貪婪的老太婆不停地吃啊吃，一直吃到很飽為止。另外，需要注意的是，當(dāng)否定詞或含有否定意義的詞組位于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂顛倒。常見的否定詞和具有否定意義的詞組有：at no time，by no means，few，hardly，in neither case，in no case，in no time，in no way，in vain，little，neither，never，no more,no sooner，nor，not，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，scarcely，seldom，still less，under no condition，under no circumstances等，例如：Never in my life have I seen such a wonderful place．我一生中從來(lái)
沒(méi)見過(guò)如此美麗的地方。Not only was Churchill a statesman，but also a great writer．丘吉爾不但是一位政治家，而且也是一位偉大的作家。
3．【答案】A
【解析】在與advise，ask，beg，decide，demand，deserve，desire，insist，intend．maintain，move，order，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest，urge等表示意見、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、勸告、愿望、需要等含義的與動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，謂語(yǔ)要使用動(dòng)詞原形或"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，又如：She decided that she(should)go to Cleveland and see him．她決定到克里夫蘭去看他。又如：It is desired that we(should)take all these factors into consideration．人們希望我們能夠把所有這些因素都考慮進(jìn)去。
4．【答案】C
【解析】虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在條件句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)，從句使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句使用"would(should，could，might)+have done"，例如：If the facts had been collected earlier, we would have had more time to study them．如果這些材料早些時(shí)候搜集到，我們就會(huì)有更多的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究了。If I had answered the policemen seriously．I wouId not have been arrested．如果我認(rèn)真地回答警察的問(wèn)題，就不會(huì)被逮捕了。
5．【答案】D
【解析】本句的內(nèi)容是對(duì)舊金山和洛杉磯兩地夏天氣溫的對(duì)比。兩個(gè)分句之間用but來(lái)連接，表示前后意思的轉(zhuǎn)折。前面分句中的usually是表示頻度的副詞，意為"經(jīng)常，通常"，而B項(xiàng)中的scarcely和C項(xiàng)中的hardly均是表示程度的副詞，因此，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都不是正確答案。與usually相對(duì)應(yīng)的頻度副詞是rarely，這些表示頻度的副詞一般放在句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞be之后，主要?jiǎng)釉~之前。題目中后面的分句省略了cool，因此，正確答案應(yīng)該是D項(xiàng)。