2002年翻譯
Section V Translation (10points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.
Genius is something that is difficult to measure to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. (71)By contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic①character that can be moulded ②by the environment.
Intelligence is a qualitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but it has a single dimension of expression.(72)There are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear③scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes ④.Any number of gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting ,or to designing computer programs, etc. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly different environments.
(73)For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and disease, educational, social and economic levels—even the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding what intelligence should be applied to lean? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation?
Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University student and to an Aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same behavior.(74)Not only are the genotypes and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different.
Indeed, as some articles, which the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically na瘀攀.
(75)If some races or social groups in the human population can be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some segregationists or politicians could bring in legislation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population.
History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless are in positions of power.
Can you see why the false scientific conclusions could become dangerous socially and politically?
Notes:
(1) Polygenic: having many genes
(2) Mould: to shape or form
(3) Linear: of lines
(4) Genotypes: types of gene
(71)相反，智力也許更容易量化，而且它像天賦一樣，具有一種能夠被環(huán)境塑造的多基因特征。
(72)因為各人在基因類型上有很大的差異，所以用一種從愚昧到聰明的直線性尺度來衡量智力是有一定的局限性的。
(73)比方說，智商測驗的得分，會由于疾病狀況、教育程度、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平而有很大的差異，甚至實施智商測驗的主考人的膚色也會對得分有重大的影響。
(74)這兩個人不僅是基因類型和生活環(huán)境完全不同，而且他們完成某些活動的動機也極不相同。
(75)如果人類中某些種族或社會群體在智力上是劣等的，那么就會使某些種族隔離主義者或政客有可能去制定法律或政策來壓迫，甚至消滅這些種族和群體。
Section V Translation (10points)
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.
Genius is something that is difficult to measure to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. (71)By contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic①character that can be moulded ②by the environment.
Intelligence is a qualitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but it has a single dimension of expression.(72)There are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear③scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes ④.Any number of gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting ,or to designing computer programs, etc. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly different environments.
(73)For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and disease, educational, social and economic levels—even the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding what intelligence should be applied to lean? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation?
Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University student and to an Aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same behavior.(74)Not only are the genotypes and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different.
Indeed, as some articles, which the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically na瘀攀.
(75)If some races or social groups in the human population can be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some segregationists or politicians could bring in legislation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population.
History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless are in positions of power.
Can you see why the false scientific conclusions could become dangerous socially and politically?
Notes:
(1) Polygenic: having many genes
(2) Mould: to shape or form
(3) Linear: of lines
(4) Genotypes: types of gene
(71)相反，智力也許更容易量化，而且它像天賦一樣，具有一種能夠被環(huán)境塑造的多基因特征。
(72)因為各人在基因類型上有很大的差異，所以用一種從愚昧到聰明的直線性尺度來衡量智力是有一定的局限性的。
(73)比方說，智商測驗的得分，會由于疾病狀況、教育程度、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平而有很大的差異，甚至實施智商測驗的主考人的膚色也會對得分有重大的影響。
(74)這兩個人不僅是基因類型和生活環(huán)境完全不同，而且他們完成某些活動的動機也極不相同。
(75)如果人類中某些種族或社會群體在智力上是劣等的，那么就會使某些種族隔離主義者或政客有可能去制定法律或政策來壓迫，甚至消滅這些種族和群體。