英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的英語(yǔ)手抄報(bào)模板 五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)英語(yǔ)手抄報(bào)圖片設(shè)計(jì)，供大家參考:)
五一國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)wǔ yī guó jì láo dòng jié亦稱“五一節(jié)”,定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界無(wú)產(chǎn)隊(duì)級(jí)、勞動(dòng)人民的共同節(jié)日。
Labor's Day is on May 1st. Labor's Day is an international day for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And others will stay at home此節(jié)源于美國(guó)芝加哥城的工人大罷工。1886年5月1日，芝加哥的二十一萬(wàn)六千余名工人為爭(zhēng)取實(shí)行八小時(shí)工作制而舉行大罷工，經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的流血斗爭(zhēng)，終于獲得了勝利。為紀(jì)念這次偉大的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)，1889年7 月第二國(guó)際宣布將每年的五月一日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。這一決定立即得到世界各國(guó)工人的積極響應(yīng)。1890年5月1日，歐美各國(guó)的工人階級(jí)率先走向街頭，舉行盛大的**與集會(huì)，爭(zhēng)取合法權(quán)益。從此，每逢這一天世界各國(guó)的勞動(dòng)人民都要集會(huì)，*，以示慶祝。
為紀(jì)念這次偉大的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)，1889年7月，在恩格斯組織召開(kāi)的第二國(guó)際成立大會(huì)上宣布將每年的五月一日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，簡(jiǎn)稱“五一”.這一決定立即得到世界各國(guó)工人的積極響應(yīng)。1890年5月1日，歐美各國(guó)的工人階級(jí)率先走向街頭，舉行盛大的**與集會(huì)，爭(zhēng)取合法權(quán)益。從此，每逢這一天，世界各國(guó)的勞動(dòng)人民都要集會(huì)、*，以示慶祝。
中國(guó)人民慶祝勞動(dòng)節(jié)的活動(dòng)可追溯至1918年。這一年，一些革命的知識(shí)分子在上海、蘇州、杭州、漢口等地向群眾散發(fā)介紹“五一”的傳單。
1920年5月1日，北京、上海、廣州、九江、唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市、舉行了聲勢(shì)浩大的*、集會(huì)。李大釗專門(mén)在《新青年》上發(fā)表了《“五一”運(yùn)動(dòng)史》，介紹“五一”節(jié)的來(lái)歷和美法等國(guó)工人紀(jì)念“五一”的活動(dòng)，號(hào)召中國(guó)工人把這年的“五一”作為覺(jué)醒的日期。陳獨(dú)秀也為慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日發(fā)表了《上海厚生紗廠湖南女工問(wèn)題》一文，揭露資本家剝削工人剩余價(jià)值的真相。陳獨(dú)秀又在上海船務(wù)棧房工界聯(lián)合會(huì)作了《勞苦者的覺(jué)悟》的演說(shuō)，闡明了“勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造世界”.“做工的人最有用最貴重”的觀點(diǎn)。在北京，一些青年外出宣傳，散發(fā)《五月一日勞工宣言》，喚起工人為反對(duì)剝削、爭(zhēng)取自身權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)。這是中國(guó)首次紀(jì)念“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)的活動(dòng)，也是中國(guó)歷的第一個(gè)“五一”勞動(dòng)節(jié)。
新中國(guó)成立以后，中央人民政府政務(wù)院于1949年12月將5月1日定為法定的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，是日全國(guó)放假一天。每年的這一天，舉國(guó)歡慶，人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝，興高采烈地聚集在公園、劇院、廣場(chǎng)，參加各種慶祝集會(huì)或文體娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，并對(duì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行表彰。
1920年5月1日，北京，上海，廣州，九江，唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市，舉行了聲勢(shì)浩大的*，集會(huì)，這就是中國(guó)歷的第一個(gè)五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)。放后，中央人民政府政務(wù)院于1949年12月將五月一日定為法定的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，是日全國(guó)放假一天。節(jié)日，舉國(guó)歡慶，人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝，興高采烈地聚集在公園，劇院，廣場(chǎng)，參加各種慶祝集會(huì)或文體娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，并對(duì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行表彰。
1886年5月1日芝加哥城的工人大罷工5月1日，國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，它是全世界工人階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的歷史紀(jì)念，每個(gè)國(guó)家都很重視它，尤其是美國(guó)，加拿大，南非。事件起因是， 1880年美國(guó)工人*集會(huì)要求8小時(shí)工作制。1884年，聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易組織通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)解決方案，以立法的形式規(guī)定從1886年5月1日開(kāi)始執(zhí)行每日8 小時(shí)工作制，但此后，工人們?nèi)匀槐粡?qiáng)迫每天工作10小時(shí)，12小時(shí)，甚至14小時(shí)，這使得該項(xiàng)立法明有實(shí)亡，而各地的聯(lián)邦首腦對(duì)此卻表示出十分冷淡和不友好的態(tài)度，于是一場(chǎng)為爭(zhēng)取8小時(shí)工作的罷工開(kāi)始了。
世界各國(guó)過(guò)“五一” 慶祝特色各千秋一年一度的“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)又到了，為了紀(jì)念這個(gè)全世界勞動(dòng)人民團(tuán)結(jié)戰(zhàn)斗的節(jié)日，世界各國(guó)一般都會(huì)舉行相應(yīng)的慶?；顒?dòng)。不過(guò)，并不是所有國(guó)家都將5月1日定為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，那些同過(guò)“五一”的國(guó)家，具體的慶祝方式和習(xí)慣也大不相同，我們不妨一起來(lái)看看其他一些國(guó)家是怎么度過(guò)勞動(dòng)節(jié)的。
***美國(guó)：勞動(dòng)節(jié)發(fā)源地不過(guò)“五一”
勞動(dòng)節(jié)起源于美國(guó)。19世紀(jì)80年代，美國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)為了進(jìn)行資本積累，對(duì)工人階級(jí)進(jìn)行殘酷的剝削壓榨，他們用各種手段，迫使工人每天從事長(zhǎng)達(dá)12到16小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的勞動(dòng)。美國(guó)廣大工人逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，為了保障自己的權(quán)利，必須起來(lái)進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)。
從1884年開(kāi)始，美國(guó)先進(jìn)的工人組織通過(guò)決議，要為實(shí)現(xiàn)“每天工作8小時(shí)”而戰(zhàn)斗，并提出“8小時(shí)工作；8小時(shí)休息；8小時(shí)娛樂(lè)！勞動(dòng)者創(chuàng)造全部財(cái)富！”等口號(hào)。
1886年5月1日，美國(guó)芝加哥的工人舉行大罷工。那一天，以芝加哥為中心，美國(guó)全國(guó)約35萬(wàn)工人參加了罷工和*，要求改善勞動(dòng)條件，實(shí)行8小時(shí)工作制。這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)震撼了整個(gè)美國(guó)。工人階級(jí)團(tuán)結(jié)戰(zhàn)斗的強(qiáng)大力量，迫使資本家做出了讓步，美國(guó)工人的這一大罷工取得了勝利。
1889年7月，由恩格斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的第二國(guó)際在巴黎舉行代表大會(huì)。為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)工人的這次“五一”大罷工，會(huì)議通過(guò)決議，將每年的5月1日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。從此，世界各國(guó)的工人團(tuán)體在這一天舉行盛大慶?；顒?dòng)，許多國(guó)家還放假一天。
但是，特殊的是，美國(guó)政府后來(lái)在設(shè)立勞動(dòng)節(jié)時(shí)，自行規(guī)定每年9月的第一個(gè)星期一為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，所以美國(guó)人的勞動(dòng)節(jié)不在5月，而在9月。
每逢9月的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，美國(guó)人可以放假一天，全美各地的民眾一般都會(huì)舉行*、集會(huì)等各種慶?；顒?dòng)，以示對(duì)勞工的尊重。在一些州，人們?cè)?之后還要舉辦野餐會(huì)，熱鬧地吃喝、唱歌、跳舞。入夜，有的地方還會(huì)放焰火。
***俄羅斯：*、集會(huì)、娛樂(lè)一個(gè)都不少自國(guó)際上設(shè)立勞動(dòng)節(jié)以來(lái)，俄羅斯一直比較重視這個(gè)特別的節(jié)日?！拔逡弧边@天，俄羅斯全國(guó)放假，并舉行各種慶?；顒?dòng)及群眾性*。
過(guò)去，上述活動(dòng)主要是由政府組織，*隊(duì)伍中包括各企業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)的代表?，F(xiàn)在，除政府統(tǒng)籌的慶?；顒?dòng)外，各種不同政見(jiàn)的非政府組織、勞工團(tuán)體，都會(huì)在這一天自發(fā)舉行各種慶祝活動(dòng)，既可以借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)充分闡述各自的政見(jiàn)，又能擴(kuò)大本組織的影響。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“五一”*的隊(duì)伍要先穿過(guò)城市的主要街道、廣場(chǎng)，最后在古老的或者寬闊的中心廣場(chǎng)舉行大型集會(huì)和慶典。同時(shí)，俄羅斯各地的各種俱樂(lè)部還會(huì)舉行內(nèi)容豐富、色彩繽紛的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，人們的節(jié)日情緒很高。
***日本：勞動(dòng)節(jié)逢“黃金周”
日本是一個(gè)節(jié)日比較多的國(guó)家，5月1日前后的節(jié)日就很多，如4月29日植樹(shù)節(jié)、5月3日憲法紀(jì)念日、4日國(guó)民假日、5日兒童節(jié)，這些假日連起來(lái)，一般日本人至少有一周休息時(shí)間，最長(zhǎng)的甚至達(dá)11天。
對(duì)工薪階層來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)假的意義真是不同尋常。因此，在日本，勞動(dòng)節(jié)專門(mén)的慶?；顒?dòng)日漸被“五一黃金周”所取代。而且從4月29日開(kāi)始，日本就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“黃金周”.
日本全國(guó)的許多飯店、溫泉等娛樂(lè)設(shè)施，紛紛在“五一”前打出各種廣告招攬游客，普通旅館的房間價(jià)格也比平時(shí)提高一倍以上。
今年4月29日，日本成田機(jī)場(chǎng)迎來(lái)了假日的第一個(gè)高峰，當(dāng)天從這里出國(guó)的游客超過(guò)4萬(wàn)人，預(yù)計(jì)“黃金周”期間該機(jī)場(chǎng)運(yùn)送旅客將達(dá)到81萬(wàn)人。許多游客選擇到夏威夷、塞班島、中國(guó)和東南亞等地旅游。
***加拿大：9月勞動(dòng)節(jié)標(biāo)志夏天結(jié)束同為北美國(guó)家，加拿大與美國(guó)一樣也是在每年9月的第一個(gè)星期一慶祝勞動(dòng)節(jié)。在渥太華、多倫多等城市，每年勞動(dòng)節(jié)時(shí)都會(huì)舉行*和集會(huì)，以此表彰工會(huì)組織下的工人對(duì)加拿大社會(huì)所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。
另外，比較與眾不同的是，在大多數(shù)加拿大人的概念中，這個(gè)9月的勞動(dòng)節(jié)標(biāo)志著夏天的結(jié)束。一般情況下，家長(zhǎng)們會(huì)利用勞動(dòng)節(jié)的假期給孩子買新學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)用品，商家也往往借機(jī)促銷文具。
***泰國(guó)、秘魯：放假一天泰國(guó)于1932年首次頒布勞工條例，隨后將每年的5月1日確定為國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，以此嘉獎(jiǎng)辛勤工作的勞動(dòng)者。這一天，泰國(guó)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一放假一天，在首都以及一些大城市會(huì)有相關(guān)的慶?；顒?dòng)，不過(guò)規(guī)模一般都不會(huì)太大。
和泰國(guó)的情況比較類似，南美國(guó)家秘魯也規(guī)定5月1日為國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，而且全國(guó)放假一天。
***意大利：不慶祝不放假英國(guó)、法國(guó)等歐洲國(guó)家都將“五一”確定為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，不少國(guó)家都放假一天，還有的國(guó)家則根據(jù)情況將公共假期放在5月的第一個(gè)星期一。
不過(guò)，和世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家不太一樣的是，意大利盡管承認(rèn)“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，政府也表示尊重勞工，但一般人并不舉行專門(mén)的慶?；顒?dòng)，也沒(méi)有全國(guó)性的“五一”假期英語(yǔ)：
May First International Labor Day w ǔ y ī guójìláo dòng jiéalso calls “ May Day ” Decides in every year on May 1. It isthe world not produces team level, working people's common holiday. Labor' S Day is on May 1st. Labor' S Day is an internationalday for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers.The Labor' S Day is workers' Holiday and workers can enjoythemselves to their heart' S content. Many people choose totravel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks.And others will stay at home This source greatly strikes to the American Chicago city laborperson 1886 the year on May 1, Chicago's 216,000 worker for strivesfor implements eight hours work systems to hold greatly strikes,passes through difficultly bleeds the struggle, finally has achievedthe success For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889years in July second international announcement every year on May 1 todecide as international labor day This decision obtains the variouscountries worker positively to respond immediately 1890 the year onMay 1, the European and American various countries working class takesthe lead to move towards the street corner, holds the granddemonstration and the assembly, strives for the legitimate rights andinterests From this time on, every time meets this day variouscountries the working people all want to assemble, the parade, showsto celebrate For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889 years in July,organizes in Engels to convene internationally second had beenestablished at the congress to announce every year on May 1 willdecide as international labor day, the abbreviation “51”. Thisdecision obtains the various countries worker's positive responseimmediately. On May 1, 1890, the European and American variouscountries working class took the lead to move towards the streetcorner, held the grand demonstration and the assembly, strove for thelegitimate rights and interests. From this time on, every time meetsthis day, the various countries working people all must hold, theparade, shows to celebrate. The Chinese people celebrated Labor Day's activity to be possible totrace to 1918. This year, some revolutionary intellectuals in placessuch as Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou send out introduces “51”circular to the populace. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, have held the mammoth parade, theassembly. Li Dazhao on has specially published “” 51 “MovementHistory” in “New youth”, introduced “51” the festival origin and isbeautiful method and so on the national well-known craftsman personcommemorates “51” the activity, summoned the Chinese worker the datewhich “51” the achievement awakens this year. Chen Duxiu also forcelebrated this holiday to publish “Shanghai To enrich the well-beingof the masses Cotton mill Hunan Female worker Question” an article,exposed the capitalist to exploit the worker surplus value the truth.Chen Duxiu has done in on sea boat service 棧房labor federation“勞苦 Consciousness” the speech, has expounded “the work creationworld”. “Works the person most useful is most precious” viewpoint. InBeijing, some youths egress the propaganda, sends out “on May 1Laborer Manifesto”, arouses the worker for the oppositionexploitation, strives for own right to struggle. This is Chinacommemorates “51” for the first time international labor day'sactivity, also is in Chinese history first “51” Labor Day. After new China is founded, the Central People's Government stateadministrative council on May 1 will decide as legal Labor Day inDecember, 1949, will be the date nation has a vacation one day. Everyyear this day, whole nation joyfully celebrates, the people exchangethe holiday the splendid attire, jubilantly gathers at the park, thetheater, the square, attends each kind of celebration to assemble orthe literary style recreational activity, and to the worker which hasthe prominent contribution carries on the commendation. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, has held the mammoth parade, the assembly,this was in Chinese history first 51 Labor Day After puts, theCentral People's Government state administrative council on May 1 willdecide as legal Labor Day in December, 1949, will be the date nationhas a vacation one day The holiday, the whole nation joyfullycelebrates, the people exchange the holiday the splendid attire,jubilantly gathers at the park, the theater, the square, attends eachkind of celebration to assemble or the literary style recreationalactivity, and to the worker which has the prominent contributioncarries on the commendation On May 1, 1886 the Chicago city labor people greatly struck On May 1, international labor day, it is the historicalcommemoration which the world working class struggles, each countryall very much takes it, in particular US, Canada, South Africa Theevent cause is, in 1880 the American workers paraded assemble request8 hours work systems 1884 year, the federation trade organization topass a solution, legislates the form stipulated started from 1886 May1 to carry out every day 8 hours work systems, but hereafter, theworkers are still forced to work every day for 10 hours,12 hours, even14 hours, this enabled this legislation clearly to have the reality toperish, but each place federation head actually expressed regardingthis was extremely desolate and the unfriendly manner, thereupon forstrove for 8 hours work the strikes to start Various countries “ 51 ” Celebration characteristic variouscenturies Once a year “51” international labor day arrived, forcommemorate this world working people to unite fight the holiday, thevarious countries generally can hold corresponding celebration. But,certainly will not be all countries all on May 1 decides as Labor Day,these with “51” country, concrete celebration way and custom alsoentirely different, how will we might as well together have a lookother some countries passed Labor Day. *** US: Labor Day place of origin only “51” Labor Day origins from US. 19th century 80's, US bourgeoisiein order to carry on the accumulation of capital, carries on brutalexploitation squeezing to the working class, they use each method,forces the worker to be engaged in every day long reaches 12 to 16hours even more time work. The American general workers graduallyrealize, in order to safeguard own right, must get up wages thestruggle. Started from 1884, the American advanced workers organized through theresolution, had to be the realization “works for 8 hours to fightevery day”, and proposed “8 hours work; 8 hours rests; 8 hoursentertainment! The worker creates the complete wealth!” Slogan. On May 1, 1886, the American Chicago's workers held greatly strike.That one day, take Chicago as the center, the American nationapproximately 350,000 workers participated in the strike and theparade, the request improvement work condition, implemented 8 hourswork systems. This struggle has shocked entire US. The working classunites the fight the formidable strength, forced the capitalist tomake the concessions, American worker's this big strike has gained thevictory. In July, 1889, led internationally second by Engels holds therepresentative assembly in Paris. For commemorate American worker'sthis “51” greatly to strike, the conference through the resolution,every year on May 1 will decide as international labor day. From thistime on, the various countries worker association in this day holdgrand celebration, many countries also has a vacation one day. What but, is special, the American government afterwards when set upLabor Day, voluntarily stipulated every year September first Mondaywas Labor Day, therefore American's Labor Day not in May, but inSeptember. Every time meets September the Labor Day, the American may have avacation one day, the entire American each place populace generallycan hold the parade, the assembly and so on each kind of celebration,shows to the laborer the respect. In some states, people after paradealso must conduct the picnic meeting, lively eats and drinks, sings,dances. At nightfall, some places also can set off the fireworks. *** Russia: The parade, the assembly, entertainment all many Since on international has set up Labor Day, Russiacontinuously quite takes this special holiday. “51” this day, theRussian nation has a vacation, and holds each kind of celebration andthe mass parade. In the past, the above activity mainly was by the officialorganization, in the troops on parade including various enterprises,institution's representatives. Now, celebration which plans besidesthe government, each different political view non- officialorganization, the labor group, can spontaneously hold each kind ofcelebration in this day, both may take this opportunity fully toelaborate respective political view, and can expand this organizationthe influence. Generally speaking, “51” the parade troop must first pass through thecity the major street, the square, finally in is ancient or the broadcentral square hold large-scale assembly and the celebration. At thesame time, Russian each place each kind of club also can hold thecontent richly, the color riotous recreational activity, people'sholiday mood is very high. *** Japan: Labor Day meets “the gold week” Japan is holiday quite many countries, before May 1 the afterholiday very many, like on April 29 Arbor Day, on May 3 theconstitution commemoration day, on 4th the national holiday, on 5ththe child festival, these holidays links, the common Japanese at leasthas week relaxation time, is longest even reaches 11 day. Said to the salariat that, this long vacation significance really isdifferent is common. Therefore, in Japan, the Labor Day specialcelebration quilt “51 golds weeks” substitutes day after day. Moreoverstarts from April 29, Japan on already entered “the gold week”. Japanese entertainment facility and so on nation many hotels, hotspring, in “51” front splits out each kind of advertisement to gatherthe tourist in abundance, the ordinary hotel room price also comparesusually enhances above a time. This April 29, the Japanese Narita airport welcomed the holiday firstpeak, same day the tourist which went abroad from here surpasses40,000 people, estimated “the gold week” period this airport will shipthe passenger to achieve 810,000 people. Many tourists choose placestraveling such as the Hawaii, Saipan Island, China and Southeast Asia. *** Canada: In September Labor Day symbolized the summer ended With is the North America country, Canada and US equally alsois celebrates Labor Day in every year September first Monday. Whencity and so on Ottawa, Toronto, every year Labor Day can hold paradesand assembles, by this commendation labor union organization's underworkers the contribution which make to the Canadian society. Moreover, compared with, in the majority Canadian's concept which isout of the ordinary, this September Labor Day symbolizes the summerconclusion. In the ordinary circumstances, the guardians can vacationbuy the new semester using Labor Day to the child the study materials,the merchant also often taking the opportunity promote sales thestationery. *** Thailand, Peru: Has a vacation one day Thailand will promulgate the labor statute for the first timein 1932, afterwards every year on May 1 will determine for nationalLabor Day, by this praise industrious work worker. This day, the Thaination unification has a vacation one day, can have the correlation inthe capital as well as some big cities celebration, but the scalegenerally all cannot too be big. With Thailand's situation quite similar, South America country Perualso stipulates in May on 1 for national Labor Day, moreover thenation has a vacation one day. *** Italy: Does not celebrate does not have a vacation European country and so on the England, France all “51” thedetermination will be Labor Day, many countries all have a vacationone day, but also some countries put according to the situation thepublic holidays in May first Monday. But, Italy which not too is same with the world majority countryalthough acknowledged “51” international labor day, the governmentalso expresses the respect laborer, but the average person certainlydoes not hold special celebration, also nationwidely does not have“51”
五一國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)wǔ yī guó jì láo dòng jié亦稱“五一節(jié)”,定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界無(wú)產(chǎn)隊(duì)級(jí)、勞動(dòng)人民的共同節(jié)日。
Labor's Day is on May 1st. Labor's Day is an international day for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And others will stay at home此節(jié)源于美國(guó)芝加哥城的工人大罷工。1886年5月1日，芝加哥的二十一萬(wàn)六千余名工人為爭(zhēng)取實(shí)行八小時(shí)工作制而舉行大罷工，經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的流血斗爭(zhēng)，終于獲得了勝利。為紀(jì)念這次偉大的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)，1889年7 月第二國(guó)際宣布將每年的五月一日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。這一決定立即得到世界各國(guó)工人的積極響應(yīng)。1890年5月1日，歐美各國(guó)的工人階級(jí)率先走向街頭，舉行盛大的**與集會(huì)，爭(zhēng)取合法權(quán)益。從此，每逢這一天世界各國(guó)的勞動(dòng)人民都要集會(huì)，*，以示慶祝。
為紀(jì)念這次偉大的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)，1889年7月，在恩格斯組織召開(kāi)的第二國(guó)際成立大會(huì)上宣布將每年的五月一日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，簡(jiǎn)稱“五一”.這一決定立即得到世界各國(guó)工人的積極響應(yīng)。1890年5月1日，歐美各國(guó)的工人階級(jí)率先走向街頭，舉行盛大的**與集會(huì)，爭(zhēng)取合法權(quán)益。從此，每逢這一天，世界各國(guó)的勞動(dòng)人民都要集會(huì)、*，以示慶祝。
中國(guó)人民慶祝勞動(dòng)節(jié)的活動(dòng)可追溯至1918年。這一年，一些革命的知識(shí)分子在上海、蘇州、杭州、漢口等地向群眾散發(fā)介紹“五一”的傳單。
1920年5月1日，北京、上海、廣州、九江、唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市、舉行了聲勢(shì)浩大的*、集會(huì)。李大釗專門(mén)在《新青年》上發(fā)表了《“五一”運(yùn)動(dòng)史》，介紹“五一”節(jié)的來(lái)歷和美法等國(guó)工人紀(jì)念“五一”的活動(dòng)，號(hào)召中國(guó)工人把這年的“五一”作為覺(jué)醒的日期。陳獨(dú)秀也為慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日發(fā)表了《上海厚生紗廠湖南女工問(wèn)題》一文，揭露資本家剝削工人剩余價(jià)值的真相。陳獨(dú)秀又在上海船務(wù)棧房工界聯(lián)合會(huì)作了《勞苦者的覺(jué)悟》的演說(shuō)，闡明了“勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造世界”.“做工的人最有用最貴重”的觀點(diǎn)。在北京，一些青年外出宣傳，散發(fā)《五月一日勞工宣言》，喚起工人為反對(duì)剝削、爭(zhēng)取自身權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)。這是中國(guó)首次紀(jì)念“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)的活動(dòng)，也是中國(guó)歷的第一個(gè)“五一”勞動(dòng)節(jié)。
新中國(guó)成立以后，中央人民政府政務(wù)院于1949年12月將5月1日定為法定的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，是日全國(guó)放假一天。每年的這一天，舉國(guó)歡慶，人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝，興高采烈地聚集在公園、劇院、廣場(chǎng)，參加各種慶祝集會(huì)或文體娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，并對(duì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行表彰。
1920年5月1日，北京，上海，廣州，九江，唐山等各工業(yè)城市的工人群眾浩浩蕩蕩地走向街市，舉行了聲勢(shì)浩大的*，集會(huì)，這就是中國(guó)歷的第一個(gè)五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)。放后，中央人民政府政務(wù)院于1949年12月將五月一日定為法定的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，是日全國(guó)放假一天。節(jié)日，舉國(guó)歡慶，人們換上節(jié)日的盛裝，興高采烈地聚集在公園，劇院，廣場(chǎng)，參加各種慶祝集會(huì)或文體娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，并對(duì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行表彰。
1886年5月1日芝加哥城的工人大罷工5月1日，國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，它是全世界工人階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的歷史紀(jì)念，每個(gè)國(guó)家都很重視它，尤其是美國(guó)，加拿大，南非。事件起因是， 1880年美國(guó)工人*集會(huì)要求8小時(shí)工作制。1884年，聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易組織通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)解決方案，以立法的形式規(guī)定從1886年5月1日開(kāi)始執(zhí)行每日8 小時(shí)工作制，但此后，工人們?nèi)匀槐粡?qiáng)迫每天工作10小時(shí)，12小時(shí)，甚至14小時(shí)，這使得該項(xiàng)立法明有實(shí)亡，而各地的聯(lián)邦首腦對(duì)此卻表示出十分冷淡和不友好的態(tài)度，于是一場(chǎng)為爭(zhēng)取8小時(shí)工作的罷工開(kāi)始了。
世界各國(guó)過(guò)“五一” 慶祝特色各千秋一年一度的“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)又到了，為了紀(jì)念這個(gè)全世界勞動(dòng)人民團(tuán)結(jié)戰(zhàn)斗的節(jié)日，世界各國(guó)一般都會(huì)舉行相應(yīng)的慶?；顒?dòng)。不過(guò)，并不是所有國(guó)家都將5月1日定為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，那些同過(guò)“五一”的國(guó)家，具體的慶祝方式和習(xí)慣也大不相同，我們不妨一起來(lái)看看其他一些國(guó)家是怎么度過(guò)勞動(dòng)節(jié)的。
***美國(guó)：勞動(dòng)節(jié)發(fā)源地不過(guò)“五一”
勞動(dòng)節(jié)起源于美國(guó)。19世紀(jì)80年代，美國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)為了進(jìn)行資本積累，對(duì)工人階級(jí)進(jìn)行殘酷的剝削壓榨，他們用各種手段，迫使工人每天從事長(zhǎng)達(dá)12到16小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的勞動(dòng)。美國(guó)廣大工人逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，為了保障自己的權(quán)利，必須起來(lái)進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)。
從1884年開(kāi)始，美國(guó)先進(jìn)的工人組織通過(guò)決議，要為實(shí)現(xiàn)“每天工作8小時(shí)”而戰(zhàn)斗，并提出“8小時(shí)工作；8小時(shí)休息；8小時(shí)娛樂(lè)！勞動(dòng)者創(chuàng)造全部財(cái)富！”等口號(hào)。
1886年5月1日，美國(guó)芝加哥的工人舉行大罷工。那一天，以芝加哥為中心，美國(guó)全國(guó)約35萬(wàn)工人參加了罷工和*，要求改善勞動(dòng)條件，實(shí)行8小時(shí)工作制。這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)震撼了整個(gè)美國(guó)。工人階級(jí)團(tuán)結(jié)戰(zhàn)斗的強(qiáng)大力量，迫使資本家做出了讓步，美國(guó)工人的這一大罷工取得了勝利。
1889年7月，由恩格斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的第二國(guó)際在巴黎舉行代表大會(huì)。為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)工人的這次“五一”大罷工，會(huì)議通過(guò)決議，將每年的5月1日定為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。從此，世界各國(guó)的工人團(tuán)體在這一天舉行盛大慶?；顒?dòng)，許多國(guó)家還放假一天。
但是，特殊的是，美國(guó)政府后來(lái)在設(shè)立勞動(dòng)節(jié)時(shí)，自行規(guī)定每年9月的第一個(gè)星期一為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，所以美國(guó)人的勞動(dòng)節(jié)不在5月，而在9月。
每逢9月的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，美國(guó)人可以放假一天，全美各地的民眾一般都會(huì)舉行*、集會(huì)等各種慶?；顒?dòng)，以示對(duì)勞工的尊重。在一些州，人們?cè)?之后還要舉辦野餐會(huì)，熱鬧地吃喝、唱歌、跳舞。入夜，有的地方還會(huì)放焰火。
***俄羅斯：*、集會(huì)、娛樂(lè)一個(gè)都不少自國(guó)際上設(shè)立勞動(dòng)節(jié)以來(lái)，俄羅斯一直比較重視這個(gè)特別的節(jié)日?！拔逡弧边@天，俄羅斯全國(guó)放假，并舉行各種慶?；顒?dòng)及群眾性*。
過(guò)去，上述活動(dòng)主要是由政府組織，*隊(duì)伍中包括各企業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)的代表?，F(xiàn)在，除政府統(tǒng)籌的慶?；顒?dòng)外，各種不同政見(jiàn)的非政府組織、勞工團(tuán)體，都會(huì)在這一天自發(fā)舉行各種慶祝活動(dòng)，既可以借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)充分闡述各自的政見(jiàn)，又能擴(kuò)大本組織的影響。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“五一”*的隊(duì)伍要先穿過(guò)城市的主要街道、廣場(chǎng)，最后在古老的或者寬闊的中心廣場(chǎng)舉行大型集會(huì)和慶典。同時(shí)，俄羅斯各地的各種俱樂(lè)部還會(huì)舉行內(nèi)容豐富、色彩繽紛的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，人們的節(jié)日情緒很高。
***日本：勞動(dòng)節(jié)逢“黃金周”
日本是一個(gè)節(jié)日比較多的國(guó)家，5月1日前后的節(jié)日就很多，如4月29日植樹(shù)節(jié)、5月3日憲法紀(jì)念日、4日國(guó)民假日、5日兒童節(jié)，這些假日連起來(lái)，一般日本人至少有一周休息時(shí)間，最長(zhǎng)的甚至達(dá)11天。
對(duì)工薪階層來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)假的意義真是不同尋常。因此，在日本，勞動(dòng)節(jié)專門(mén)的慶?；顒?dòng)日漸被“五一黃金周”所取代。而且從4月29日開(kāi)始，日本就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“黃金周”.
日本全國(guó)的許多飯店、溫泉等娛樂(lè)設(shè)施，紛紛在“五一”前打出各種廣告招攬游客，普通旅館的房間價(jià)格也比平時(shí)提高一倍以上。
今年4月29日，日本成田機(jī)場(chǎng)迎來(lái)了假日的第一個(gè)高峰，當(dāng)天從這里出國(guó)的游客超過(guò)4萬(wàn)人，預(yù)計(jì)“黃金周”期間該機(jī)場(chǎng)運(yùn)送旅客將達(dá)到81萬(wàn)人。許多游客選擇到夏威夷、塞班島、中國(guó)和東南亞等地旅游。
***加拿大：9月勞動(dòng)節(jié)標(biāo)志夏天結(jié)束同為北美國(guó)家，加拿大與美國(guó)一樣也是在每年9月的第一個(gè)星期一慶祝勞動(dòng)節(jié)。在渥太華、多倫多等城市，每年勞動(dòng)節(jié)時(shí)都會(huì)舉行*和集會(huì)，以此表彰工會(huì)組織下的工人對(duì)加拿大社會(huì)所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。
另外，比較與眾不同的是，在大多數(shù)加拿大人的概念中，這個(gè)9月的勞動(dòng)節(jié)標(biāo)志著夏天的結(jié)束。一般情況下，家長(zhǎng)們會(huì)利用勞動(dòng)節(jié)的假期給孩子買新學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)用品，商家也往往借機(jī)促銷文具。
***泰國(guó)、秘魯：放假一天泰國(guó)于1932年首次頒布勞工條例，隨后將每年的5月1日確定為國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，以此嘉獎(jiǎng)辛勤工作的勞動(dòng)者。這一天，泰國(guó)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一放假一天，在首都以及一些大城市會(huì)有相關(guān)的慶?；顒?dòng)，不過(guò)規(guī)模一般都不會(huì)太大。
和泰國(guó)的情況比較類似，南美國(guó)家秘魯也規(guī)定5月1日為國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)節(jié)，而且全國(guó)放假一天。
***意大利：不慶祝不放假英國(guó)、法國(guó)等歐洲國(guó)家都將“五一”確定為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，不少國(guó)家都放假一天，還有的國(guó)家則根據(jù)情況將公共假期放在5月的第一個(gè)星期一。
不過(guò)，和世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家不太一樣的是，意大利盡管承認(rèn)“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)，政府也表示尊重勞工，但一般人并不舉行專門(mén)的慶?；顒?dòng)，也沒(méi)有全國(guó)性的“五一”假期英語(yǔ)：
May First International Labor Day w ǔ y ī guójìláo dòng jiéalso calls “ May Day ” Decides in every year on May 1. It isthe world not produces team level, working people's common holiday. Labor' S Day is on May 1st. Labor' S Day is an internationalday for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers.The Labor' S Day is workers' Holiday and workers can enjoythemselves to their heart' S content. Many people choose totravel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks.And others will stay at home This source greatly strikes to the American Chicago city laborperson 1886 the year on May 1, Chicago's 216,000 worker for strivesfor implements eight hours work systems to hold greatly strikes,passes through difficultly bleeds the struggle, finally has achievedthe success For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889years in July second international announcement every year on May 1 todecide as international labor day This decision obtains the variouscountries worker positively to respond immediately 1890 the year onMay 1, the European and American various countries working class takesthe lead to move towards the street corner, holds the granddemonstration and the assembly, strives for the legitimate rights andinterests From this time on, every time meets this day variouscountries the working people all want to assemble, the parade, showsto celebrate For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889 years in July,organizes in Engels to convene internationally second had beenestablished at the congress to announce every year on May 1 willdecide as international labor day, the abbreviation “51”. Thisdecision obtains the various countries worker's positive responseimmediately. On May 1, 1890, the European and American variouscountries working class took the lead to move towards the streetcorner, held the grand demonstration and the assembly, strove for thelegitimate rights and interests. From this time on, every time meetsthis day, the various countries working people all must hold, theparade, shows to celebrate. The Chinese people celebrated Labor Day's activity to be possible totrace to 1918. This year, some revolutionary intellectuals in placessuch as Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou send out introduces “51”circular to the populace. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, have held the mammoth parade, theassembly. Li Dazhao on has specially published “” 51 “MovementHistory” in “New youth”, introduced “51” the festival origin and isbeautiful method and so on the national well-known craftsman personcommemorates “51” the activity, summoned the Chinese worker the datewhich “51” the achievement awakens this year. Chen Duxiu also forcelebrated this holiday to publish “Shanghai To enrich the well-beingof the masses Cotton mill Hunan Female worker Question” an article,exposed the capitalist to exploit the worker surplus value the truth.Chen Duxiu has done in on sea boat service 棧房labor federation“勞苦 Consciousness” the speech, has expounded “the work creationworld”. “Works the person most useful is most precious” viewpoint. InBeijing, some youths egress the propaganda, sends out “on May 1Laborer Manifesto”, arouses the worker for the oppositionexploitation, strives for own right to struggle. This is Chinacommemorates “51” for the first time international labor day'sactivity, also is in Chinese history first “51” Labor Day. After new China is founded, the Central People's Government stateadministrative council on May 1 will decide as legal Labor Day inDecember, 1949, will be the date nation has a vacation one day. Everyyear this day, whole nation joyfully celebrates, the people exchangethe holiday the splendid attire, jubilantly gathers at the park, thetheater, the square, attends each kind of celebration to assemble orthe literary style recreational activity, and to the worker which hasthe prominent contribution carries on the commendation. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, has held the mammoth parade, the assembly,this was in Chinese history first 51 Labor Day After puts, theCentral People's Government state administrative council on May 1 willdecide as legal Labor Day in December, 1949, will be the date nationhas a vacation one day The holiday, the whole nation joyfullycelebrates, the people exchange the holiday the splendid attire,jubilantly gathers at the park, the theater, the square, attends eachkind of celebration to assemble or the literary style recreationalactivity, and to the worker which has the prominent contributioncarries on the commendation On May 1, 1886 the Chicago city labor people greatly struck On May 1, international labor day, it is the historicalcommemoration which the world working class struggles, each countryall very much takes it, in particular US, Canada, South Africa Theevent cause is, in 1880 the American workers paraded assemble request8 hours work systems 1884 year, the federation trade organization topass a solution, legislates the form stipulated started from 1886 May1 to carry out every day 8 hours work systems, but hereafter, theworkers are still forced to work every day for 10 hours,12 hours, even14 hours, this enabled this legislation clearly to have the reality toperish, but each place federation head actually expressed regardingthis was extremely desolate and the unfriendly manner, thereupon forstrove for 8 hours work the strikes to start Various countries “ 51 ” Celebration characteristic variouscenturies Once a year “51” international labor day arrived, forcommemorate this world working people to unite fight the holiday, thevarious countries generally can hold corresponding celebration. But,certainly will not be all countries all on May 1 decides as Labor Day,these with “51” country, concrete celebration way and custom alsoentirely different, how will we might as well together have a lookother some countries passed Labor Day. *** US: Labor Day place of origin only “51” Labor Day origins from US. 19th century 80's, US bourgeoisiein order to carry on the accumulation of capital, carries on brutalexploitation squeezing to the working class, they use each method,forces the worker to be engaged in every day long reaches 12 to 16hours even more time work. The American general workers graduallyrealize, in order to safeguard own right, must get up wages thestruggle. Started from 1884, the American advanced workers organized through theresolution, had to be the realization “works for 8 hours to fightevery day”, and proposed “8 hours work; 8 hours rests; 8 hoursentertainment! The worker creates the complete wealth!” Slogan. On May 1, 1886, the American Chicago's workers held greatly strike.That one day, take Chicago as the center, the American nationapproximately 350,000 workers participated in the strike and theparade, the request improvement work condition, implemented 8 hourswork systems. This struggle has shocked entire US. The working classunites the fight the formidable strength, forced the capitalist tomake the concessions, American worker's this big strike has gained thevictory. In July, 1889, led internationally second by Engels holds therepresentative assembly in Paris. For commemorate American worker'sthis “51” greatly to strike, the conference through the resolution,every year on May 1 will decide as international labor day. From thistime on, the various countries worker association in this day holdgrand celebration, many countries also has a vacation one day. What but, is special, the American government afterwards when set upLabor Day, voluntarily stipulated every year September first Mondaywas Labor Day, therefore American's Labor Day not in May, but inSeptember. Every time meets September the Labor Day, the American may have avacation one day, the entire American each place populace generallycan hold the parade, the assembly and so on each kind of celebration,shows to the laborer the respect. In some states, people after paradealso must conduct the picnic meeting, lively eats and drinks, sings,dances. At nightfall, some places also can set off the fireworks. *** Russia: The parade, the assembly, entertainment all many Since on international has set up Labor Day, Russiacontinuously quite takes this special holiday. “51” this day, theRussian nation has a vacation, and holds each kind of celebration andthe mass parade. In the past, the above activity mainly was by the officialorganization, in the troops on parade including various enterprises,institution's representatives. Now, celebration which plans besidesthe government, each different political view non- officialorganization, the labor group, can spontaneously hold each kind ofcelebration in this day, both may take this opportunity fully toelaborate respective political view, and can expand this organizationthe influence. Generally speaking, “51” the parade troop must first pass through thecity the major street, the square, finally in is ancient or the broadcentral square hold large-scale assembly and the celebration. At thesame time, Russian each place each kind of club also can hold thecontent richly, the color riotous recreational activity, people'sholiday mood is very high. *** Japan: Labor Day meets “the gold week” Japan is holiday quite many countries, before May 1 the afterholiday very many, like on April 29 Arbor Day, on May 3 theconstitution commemoration day, on 4th the national holiday, on 5ththe child festival, these holidays links, the common Japanese at leasthas week relaxation time, is longest even reaches 11 day. Said to the salariat that, this long vacation significance really isdifferent is common. Therefore, in Japan, the Labor Day specialcelebration quilt “51 golds weeks” substitutes day after day. Moreoverstarts from April 29, Japan on already entered “the gold week”. Japanese entertainment facility and so on nation many hotels, hotspring, in “51” front splits out each kind of advertisement to gatherthe tourist in abundance, the ordinary hotel room price also comparesusually enhances above a time. This April 29, the Japanese Narita airport welcomed the holiday firstpeak, same day the tourist which went abroad from here surpasses40,000 people, estimated “the gold week” period this airport will shipthe passenger to achieve 810,000 people. Many tourists choose placestraveling such as the Hawaii, Saipan Island, China and Southeast Asia. *** Canada: In September Labor Day symbolized the summer ended With is the North America country, Canada and US equally alsois celebrates Labor Day in every year September first Monday. Whencity and so on Ottawa, Toronto, every year Labor Day can hold paradesand assembles, by this commendation labor union organization's underworkers the contribution which make to the Canadian society. Moreover, compared with, in the majority Canadian's concept which isout of the ordinary, this September Labor Day symbolizes the summerconclusion. In the ordinary circumstances, the guardians can vacationbuy the new semester using Labor Day to the child the study materials,the merchant also often taking the opportunity promote sales thestationery. *** Thailand, Peru: Has a vacation one day Thailand will promulgate the labor statute for the first timein 1932, afterwards every year on May 1 will determine for nationalLabor Day, by this praise industrious work worker. This day, the Thaination unification has a vacation one day, can have the correlation inthe capital as well as some big cities celebration, but the scalegenerally all cannot too be big. With Thailand's situation quite similar, South America country Perualso stipulates in May on 1 for national Labor Day, moreover thenation has a vacation one day. *** Italy: Does not celebrate does not have a vacation European country and so on the England, France all “51” thedetermination will be Labor Day, many countries all have a vacationone day, but also some countries put according to the situation thepublic holidays in May first Monday. But, Italy which not too is same with the world majority countryalthough acknowledged “51” international labor day, the governmentalso expresses the respect laborer, but the average person certainlydoes not hold special celebration, also nationwidely does not have“51”