為大家整理的chinadaily雙語(yǔ)新聞：農(nóng)民工是中國(guó)未來(lái)發(fā)展重要依靠，供大家參考:) China’s transformation into the “workshop of the world” just over a decade ago was powered by rural migrant workers earning less than their counterparts at the start of the UK’s industrial revolution in the 18th century as they produced consumer goods for shopping malls worldwide. Now, in a reversal set to drive China’s next big economic evolution, an estimated 220m migrant workers are becoming potent consumers in their own right. 　　推動(dòng)中國(guó)在10多年前成為“世界工廠”的是農(nóng)民工。他們?yōu)槭澜绺鞯氐纳虉?chǎng)生產(chǎn)消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品，而他們的工資比18世紀(jì)英國(guó)工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始時(shí)英國(guó)工人的工資還要低。如今，這個(gè)估計(jì)人數(shù)達(dá)2.2億的農(nóng)民工群體本身正在成為一個(gè)有實(shí)力的消費(fèi)者群體。這一根本轉(zhuǎn)變勢(shì)必推動(dòng)中國(guó)的下一場(chǎng)重大經(jīng)濟(jì)演變。 　　This cohort spent Rmb4.2tn ($677bn) on consumer goods and services in 2012, according to a nationwide survey of 1,500 migrants by China Confidential, a Financial Times research service. Putting this into context, it is equivalent to 1.5 times total consumer spending in Indonesia last year and 23 per cent more than that of Turkey in 2011. 　　英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》旗下調(diào)研機(jī)構(gòu)《中國(guó)投資參考》(China Confidential)對(duì)中國(guó)各地1500名農(nóng)民工的調(diào)查顯示，農(nóng)民工群體2012年總共消費(fèi)了4.2萬(wàn)億元人民幣(合6770億美元）的商品和服務(wù)。要更加直觀地理解這個(gè)數(shù)字，不妨作一些對(duì)比：它相當(dāng)于印尼去年總消費(fèi)者支出的1.5倍，或者比土耳其2011年總消費(fèi)者支出高出23%。 　　The shift is a metaphor for the country itself, deriving as much from psychological, social and generational shifts as economic inflection points. Migrants born into the relative plenty of the 1990s are considerably more spendthrift than those born in the 1980s and 1970s, spending 53 per cent of their incomes, compared with 47.2 per cent and 38.3 per cent respectively, the survey shows. 　　這種轉(zhuǎn)變也是中國(guó)本身轉(zhuǎn)變的縮影，其原因既包括經(jīng)濟(jì)到達(dá)拐點(diǎn)，也包括心理、社會(huì)以及代際的轉(zhuǎn)變。前述調(diào)查顯示，出生于相對(duì)富裕的90年代的“90后”，在花錢方面比“80后”和“70后”要大手大腳得多。他們花掉53%的收入，而“80后”和“70后”的這個(gè)數(shù)字分別為47.2%和38.3%。 　　Much of their monthly discretionary spending goes on mass consumer items such as instant noodles, fast food, beer, soft drinks, clothing, footwear and mobile phones. While brand consciousness remains rudimentary, preferences for some brands – foreign and domestic – are rapidly emerging as the cohort climbs the income ladder. These include Uni-President and Master Kong noodles; KFC and McDonald’s for fast food; Nokia and Samsung for mobile phones; Anta and Li-Ning sportswear; Shuanghui for processed meat; Snow and Tsingtao for beer; and Taobao for online shopping. 　　農(nóng)民工每月的可自由支配支出大部分用于購(gòu)買大眾消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品，比如方便面、快餐、啤酒、無(wú)醇飲料、服裝鞋帽和手機(jī)。盡管他們的品牌意識(shí)仍處于朦朧階段，但隨著收入的增加，他們正迅速形成對(duì)一些中外品牌的偏好，包括統(tǒng)一(Uni-President)和康師傅(Master Kong)方便面，肯德基(KFC)和麥當(dāng)勞(McDonald's)快餐，諾基亞(Nokia)和三星(Samsung)手機(jī)，安踏(Anta)和李寧(Li-Ning)運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝，雙匯(Shuanghui)肉制品，雪花(Snow)和青島(Tsingtao)啤酒，以及上淘寶(Taobao)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物。 　　Such early fumbles toward brand sophistication are remarkable in a group treated with almost universal condescension by city dwellers only a decade ago. Leslie Chang, author of Factory Girls , a book about the migrant phenomenon, describes how bosses – secure in the knowledge that there were numberless millions more would-be workers than jobs – would treat employees with ill-disguised disdain. 　　這些朦朧的品牌意識(shí)令人矚目，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)群體僅10年前還幾乎普遍被城市居民瞧不起。記述農(nóng)民工現(xiàn)狀的《工廠女孩》(Factory Girls)一書(shū)作者張彤禾(Leslie Chang)說(shuō)，在每一個(gè)工作崗位都會(huì)引來(lái)無(wú)數(shù)農(nóng)民工爭(zhēng)搶的時(shí)代，老板們對(duì)手下員工的鄙夷幾乎是毫不掩飾的。 　　As Ms Chang notes, many of the thousands of factories in Dongguan, a manufacturing hub in the southern province of Guangdong, had an Orwellian aura, with slogans on the walls such as: “To die poor is a sin”; “If you don’t work hard today, you’ll search hard for work tomorrow”; and “Through doing something, you will learn it”. Job advertisements were similarly brusque: “Sales specialist. Can eat bitterness and endure hardship. No only children.” 　　張彤禾指出，在東莞（廣東省的制造業(yè)腹地）的眾多工廠里，彌漫著一種喬治?奧威爾(George Orwell)小說(shuō)中的氣氛：很多墻上貼著“貧窮地死去是一種罪過(guò)”、“今天工作不努力，明天努力找工作”、“實(shí)踐出真知”等標(biāo)語(yǔ)。類似地，招聘廣告也赤**地寫(xiě)道：“招銷售專員。能吃苦耐勞。獨(dú)生子女勿擾?！?　　The tables have turned. Since blue-collar labour moved from surplus to shortage in 2010, bargaining power has shifted from bosses to migrants, obliging employers to learn some charm and lure workers with rising salaries and improved benefits. Throughout 2012, the proportion of blue-collar openings filled each month never exceeded 75 per cent, according to China Confidential data. 　　這種局面已發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)。從2010年開(kāi)始，藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)已由供給過(guò)剩轉(zhuǎn)為供給短缺，新的形勢(shì)迫使雇主學(xué)著取悅工人，并用加薪和改善福利吸引更多工人為自己工作。《中國(guó)投資參考》的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2012年，每月的藍(lán)領(lǐng)崗位空缺填補(bǔ)率都沒(méi)有超過(guò)75%。 　　The result of this fundamental labour market reversal has been to propel migrant workers’ incomes sharply higher, a trend that is unlikely to change for as long as blue-collar labour remains in shortage. Indeed, such incomes are rising faster than those of any other significant consumer cohort – climbing 12 per cent to Rmb2,995 a month in 2012, the China Confidential survey shows. This compares with the average annual growth rate in urban incomes of 9.3 per cent of the past decade. 　　勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的這種根本性逆轉(zhuǎn)，已促使農(nóng)民工的收入迅速增長(zhǎng)。只要藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力仍然短缺，這一趨勢(shì)就不太可能改變。的確，《中國(guó)投資參考》的調(diào)查顯示，農(nóng)民工收入上漲速度超過(guò)了其他任何重要消費(fèi)者群體——他們的月收入在2012年累計(jì)上漲12%，達(dá)到2995元。與之形成對(duì)照的是，過(guò)去10年里城市居民收入平均每年增長(zhǎng)9.3%。 　　From Beijing’s perspective, the vitality of the migrant worker cohort could hardly be of greater importance to the twin aims of rebalancing the growth model and spurring urbanisation. In the first endeavour, there is no question that migrant worker spending is an increasingly potent driver away from an over-reliance on investment-led growth and towards more consumption. Consumer spending in the first quarter of this year accounted for 55 per cent of gross domestic product growth, raising expectations that 2013 may be the third consecutive year in which consumption contributes more than investment to GDP growth. 　　從北京方面的視角看，農(nóng)民工群體的消費(fèi)實(shí)力對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)模式再平衡和推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要。就第一個(gè)目標(biāo)而言，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，農(nóng)民工支出在促使增長(zhǎng)模式由過(guò)度投資依賴型轉(zhuǎn)向消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)型方面，正發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。今年第一季度國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)增長(zhǎng)的55%由消費(fèi)者支出貢獻(xiàn)，預(yù)計(jì)2013年消費(fèi)對(duì)GDP增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)將連續(xù)第三年超過(guò)投資。 　　For urbanisation, too – which Li Keqiang, the premier, has said is set to become the greatest source of domestic demand in the coming decade – rural migrants are seen as crucial. Mr Li has plans to reform the household registration (hukou) system – which classifies everyone as either rural or urban – turning migrants into urban citizens, which qualifies them for more generous welfare allocations. The planned surge in welfare awards, in turn, is expected to spur consumer spending. 　　農(nóng)民工對(duì)于推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化也很關(guān)鍵。中國(guó)總理李克強(qiáng)已表示，城鎮(zhèn)化將成為中國(guó)未來(lái)10年內(nèi)需來(lái)源。李克強(qiáng)計(jì)劃推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革（目前這一制度將所有居民劃分為城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)村居民兩類），讓農(nóng)民工獲得城鎮(zhèn)居民身份，從而有資格在福利分配方面享受更好的待遇。而福利待遇的大幅提高，進(jìn)而將促進(jìn)消費(fèi)支出。 　　While the exact methodologies for hukou reform are yet to be announced by Beijing, signs are that many migrants are keen to embrace a settled urban future. Of the 220m who live and work in cities but have no urban hukou, 131m are keen to become permanent urban residents, the survey shows. If this number – roughly equivalent to the population of Japan – do settle permanently in cities, it will not be their sweat so much as their spending power that shapes China’s destiny. 　　盡管中國(guó)政府仍未公布戶籍制度改革的細(xì)則，但有跡象顯示，許多農(nóng)民工非常樂(lè)意在城市里定居下來(lái)。前述調(diào)查顯示，在城市里生活和工作的2.2億農(nóng)民工中，有1.31億人渴望成為城鎮(zhèn)永久居民。如果這么多人（大約相當(dāng)于日本的總?cè)丝冢┱娴脑诔鞘欣锒ň酉聛?lái)，那么中國(guó)的命運(yùn)在更大程度上將受他們的購(gòu)買力、而非勞動(dòng)力影響。