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        china daily 雙語(yǔ)新聞:權(quán)威最新發(fā)布《地震安全手冊(cè)》

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        英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的china daily 雙語(yǔ)新聞:權(quán)威官方發(fā)布《地震安全手冊(cè)》,供大家閱讀參考。 據(jù)英國(guó)消防和搜救大隊(duì)的資料顯示:震災(zāi)中長(zhǎng)時(shí)間被困后獲救的幸存者,并非奇跡。很多坍塌的建筑中會(huì)保留蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)的空穴,使人得以幸存。 對(duì)此有很多例證:墨西哥城大地震中的很多幸存者,包括坍塌的醫(yī)院中的嬰兒,在被困一周后獲救;1998 年亞美尼亞地震的很多幸存者在被困九天后獲救;1992年菲律賓地震一位腳踝骨折、嚴(yán)重脫水的幸存者在被困 13 天后獲救。等等。因此,地震之后,救災(zāi)指揮者在沒有檢查過所有空穴之前,在尚未完成“選擇性建筑物殘骸清除”之前,在所有希望還沒有都消失之前,絕不能輕 易放棄或延遲搜救。
             多堅(jiān)持一天,也許就能多挽救一條生命。 本手冊(cè)是繼《地震搜救手冊(cè)》之后第二本譯自美國(guó)緊急事務(wù)管理局(FEMA)的地震災(zāi)害相關(guān)資料。希望這本《地震安全手冊(cè)》同樣能對(duì)抗震搜救人員和受災(zāi)人民有所幫助。 重要電話號(hào)碼及聯(lián)系地址 地震時(shí)您和家人可能會(huì)失散,所以,請(qǐng)?jiān)趹?yīng)急卡片中記下重要信息,以便失散后相互聯(lián)系。記住,在大地震后的 24 小時(shí)內(nèi), 如非緊急情況,請(qǐng)不要打電話。 你為下地震做好準(zhǔn)備了嗎? 這本小冊(cè)子旨在幫助你和家人學(xué)會(huì)未雨綢繆,以便在大地震時(shí) 逃生。事先進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備,可以減少地震帶來(lái)的沖擊。做一些適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)急儲(chǔ)備,并告訴你的家人在災(zāi)難中和災(zāi)難之后該做些什么。當(dāng)災(zāi)難 發(fā)生時(shí),你很可能在 72 小時(shí)之內(nèi)得不到任何救助。因此,至少要學(xué)會(huì)如何撐過 72 個(gè)小時(shí)。 地震中地面的移動(dòng)一般不會(huì)直接造成傷害。大多數(shù)傷害是由建筑物的坍塌以及物體和建筑物殘骸墜落造成。比如,倒塌的煙囪、 落下的磚頭、天花板上的泥塊以及燈具等。而多數(shù)情況都是易于避免的。 地震發(fā)生前是沒有征兆的,因此,從現(xiàn)在就開始進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備相當(dāng)重要。這樣一來(lái),你才會(huì)知道災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)該做什么,該如何應(yīng)對(duì), 如何進(jìn)行有意義的自我保護(hù)。 為突發(fā)狀況準(zhǔn)備趁手的的應(yīng)急物品:家里、辦公地點(diǎn)、汽車上如何應(yīng)急 因?yàn)槟悴恢赖卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候自己會(huì)在哪兒,所以,在家里、 辦公地點(diǎn)以及汽車上,都準(zhǔn)備一套抗災(zāi)裝備吧。 Water. 水 Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ½ gallon of water daily just for drinking.In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account: Individual needs vary depending on age,physical condition, activity, diet, and climate. Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water. Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed. A medical emergency might require more water. It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the expiration or “use by” date. 每人每天至少需儲(chǔ)備 1 加侖(3.8 升)的水,并以此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)備 夠 72 小時(shí)之用。一般情況下,一個(gè)活躍的正常人,光飲用,每天 就需要消耗 1/2 加侖(1.9 升)的水。為了保證足夠的量,應(yīng)考慮以下因素: 個(gè)體需求量因年齡、體質(zhì)、活動(dòng)量、飲食、氣候等有差異。 兒童、哺乳期婦女、病人需水量更大。 高溫天氣會(huì)使需水量成倍增加。 醫(yī)療緊急情況會(huì)需要更多的水。 建議你購(gòu)買一些瓶裝水。不要拆開瓶裝水的原包裝,在必須使用之前不要打開。另外,要注意保 質(zhì)期或者晚飲用日期。 如果你準(zhǔn)備用自己的容器裝水,你應(yīng)該從軍用品或者野營(yíng)用品與門店購(gòu)買那種不漏氣的、與門儲(chǔ)存食品的盛水容器。在裝水之前,要用餐具與用洗滌劑和水清洗容器,并用水沖凈,以免洗滌劑殘留。 容器內(nèi)的水必須每 6 個(gè)月更換。除了水之外,還需要一些凈化 用的藥片,比如哈拉宗(Halazone)、高碘甘氨酸(Globaline),但在使用這些藥片之前,一定要先看看瓶子上的標(biāo)簽。(譯注:請(qǐng)向與業(yè)人士或醫(yī)護(hù)人員咨詢上述藥品的使用!) Food. 食品 It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenished on a regular basis. Have a suf cient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep the following points in mind: • Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content. • Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation. You may already have any of these on hand. • Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs.You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener. 作為一個(gè)很實(shí)用的主意,應(yīng)經(jīng)常準(zhǔn)備一些不易腐壞的食品以便隨時(shí)食用。并可將其加入日常的飲食之中,并定期補(bǔ)充儲(chǔ)備。準(zhǔn)備 夠 72 小時(shí)之用的聽裝食品或脫水食品、奶粉,以及聽裝果汁。 干麥片、水果和無(wú)鹽干果是很好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)源。請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 不要選擇那些讓你容易口渴的食品。選擇無(wú)鹽餅干、全麥麥片和富含流質(zhì)的罐裝食品。 只儲(chǔ)備無(wú)需冷藏、烹飪或特殊處理的食品。類似食品可供選擇的有很多。 別忘了食品中應(yīng)包括嬰兒和特殊飲食需要者的食品。你還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一些廚房用具和炊具,尤其是手動(dòng)開罐器。 Flashlights and spare batteries.應(yīng)急燈和備用電池 Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist. 在你的床邊、工作地點(diǎn)以及車?yán)锓乓槐K應(yīng)急燈。不要在地震后使用火柴或蠟燭, 除非你能確定沒有燃?xì)庑孤?Portable, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries.便攜式電池供電收音機(jī)或電視機(jī)以及備用電池 Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information. You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio. 大多數(shù)電話將會(huì)無(wú)法使用或只能供緊急用途,所以收音機(jī)將會(huì) 是你好的信息來(lái)源。如有可能,你還應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備電池供電的收發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)和無(wú)線對(duì)講機(jī)。 First aid kit and manual.急救箱和急救手冊(cè) Keep a  first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross. Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses 在家里和車?yán)餃?zhǔn)備一個(gè)急救箱。同時(shí),備一本由美國(guó)紅十字會(huì)制作的《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)急救和個(gè)人安全手冊(cè)》。讓你的家人學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的急救和人工呼吸課程。 Fire extinguishers.滅火器 Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of  res — electrical, grease, or gas. Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of  re. Your  fire department can show you how to use an extinguisher properly. 在你的家里和車?yán)锒家鋫錅缁鹌?。一些滅火器僅適用于特定的火源——電引發(fā)的火災(zāi),油脂引發(fā)的火災(zāi),或者煤氣引發(fā)的火 災(zāi)等等。ABC(多用途干粉)滅火器可安全使用亍任何種類的火源。 當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T可以教你如何正確地使用滅火器。 Special needs.特殊用品 Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid batteries, items for infants (formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers), sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet paper), and any items unique to your family’s needs. 準(zhǔn)備必要的特殊用品,比如藥品,備用眼鏡,隱形眼鏡護(hù)理液, 助聽器電池,嬰兒物品(嬰兒食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴),衛(wèi)生用品(小濕巾和手紙)等家所須的任何物品。 Important papers and cash.重要的文件和現(xiàn)金 Be sure to have a supply of cash for use if ATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating. Also, keep copies of credit and identication cards and important documents, such as insurance policies and  financial records. 確保在自動(dòng)取款機(jī)、銀行和信用卡系統(tǒng)癱瘓時(shí),有足夠的現(xiàn)金可用。同時(shí),保留一些信用證明、身份證和一些重要文件的復(fù)印件, 比如保險(xiǎn)單和財(cái)務(wù)記錄。 Tools. 工具 In addition to a pipe wrench and crescent wrench (for turning off gas and water valves), you should have a lighter, a supply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescue workers .除了準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)管鉗和一個(gè)可調(diào)扳手(用來(lái)關(guān)閉氣閥和水管),你要有一個(gè)打火機(jī),一盒裝在防水盒子里的火柴和一個(gè)用來(lái)呼叫援救人員的哨子。 Clothes.衣服 If you live in a cold climate, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. Be sure to have one complete change of clothing and shoes per person, including the following: jacket or coat • long pants • long sleeve shirt • sturdy shoes • hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf • sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person) 如果你所處的地區(qū)天氣寒冷,必須考慮到保暖。地震過后你可 能無(wú)法取暖。要考慮到你的衣服和睡覺用品。確保每個(gè)人有一整套換洗的衣服和鞋子,這包括: 茄克衫或外衣 長(zhǎng)褲 長(zhǎng)袖衫 結(jié)實(shí)的鞋 帽子,手套和圍巾 睡袋或暖毯(每人一件) Pet needs.寵物用品 Identify a shelter area for your pet, gather the necessary supplies, ensure that your pet has proper ID and up-to-date veterinarian records, and make sure you have a pet carrier and a leash.
             為你的寵物尋找一個(gè)安全的地點(diǎn),準(zhǔn)備一些必需品,確保你的寵物有準(zhǔn)確的身份證明以及新的獸醫(yī)登記,同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)寵物籠和一條皮帶。