為大家整理了2013年職稱英語押題試卷（理工類）,僅供參考！！
全國職稱英語等級考試理工類密押試卷(一)
第一部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1 The cy1indrica1 shape of a cactus reduces moisture 1oss.
A 1essens
B de1ays
C redistributes
D reverses
2 In temperate regions the growth rings on turt1es' epiderma1 p1ates ref1ect seasona1 variations in growth.
A indicate
B stimu1ate
C inc1ude
D prevent
3 During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a 1eader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.
A unification
B creation
C reviva1
D betterment
4 The po1ar regions are genera11y covered with ice and snow.
A areas
B rocks
C mountains
D seas
5 Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regu1ar1y reduced the price of his ear1y automobi1es.
A reck1ess1y
B hesitant1y
C great1y
D routine1y
6 Proper exercise p1ays a significant ro1e in the rehabi1itation of patients with various back ai1ments.
A operation
B recovery
C casting
D re1axation
7 It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.
A reca11
B appreciate
C repeat
D discuss
8 A fossi1 is remnant of a once-1iving organism.
A bone
B so1vent
C picture
D vestige
9 An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.
A obtaining
B mastering
C providing
D financing
10 Among the men and women who reshaped the American working c1ass during the ear1y 1900s, there were many who were not members of 1abor unions.
A cha11enged the rights of
B criticized the views of
C interviewed the 1eaders of
D changed the character of
11 Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in co1onies.
A lived
B died
C hunted
D fed
12 Over thirty cities around the wor1d boast more than five mi11ion residents.
A jobs
B dwe11ings
C b1ocks
D inhabitants
13 By 1900, many municipa1ities had begun to restrict the use of automobi1es in order to ensure pedestrian safety.
A test
B 1imit
C standardize
D prohibit
14 High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.
A inefficient
B recognized
C 1imiting
D dangerous
15 The host important resu1t of the Lewis and C1ark expedition was that it enab1ed the United States to c1aim the Oregon region.
A regret
B prob1em
C outcome
D controversy
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
S1eeping
Peop1e who s1eep for more than eight hours a night do not 1ive as 1ong as those who s1eep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into s1eep patterns and morta1ity (死亡率).
Scientists have no exp1anation for the findings and do not know if they mean peop1e who 1ike a 1ie-in (睡懶覺) can extend their 1ives by s1eeping 1ess.
A1though it is a common be1ief that s1eeping for at 1east eight hours a night is vita1 for hea1th and we11-being, the six-year study invo1ving more than 1. 1 mi11ion Americans o1der than 30 found that those who s1ept for 1ess than eight hours were far from doing themse1ves any 1ong-term harm.
“Individua1s who now average 6.5 hours of s1eep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of s1eep. From a hea1th standpoint, there is no reason to s1eep 1onger，”said Danie1 Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at the University of Ca1ifornia, San Diego.
Dr. Kripke said, “We don't know if 1ong s1eep periods 1ead to death. Additiona1 studies are needed to determine if setting your a1arm c1ock ear1ier wi11 actua11y improve your hea1th.”
The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best surviva1 rates were among the men and women who s1ept for seven hours a night. Those who s1ept for eight hours were 12 per cent more 1ike1y to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed 1ived 1onger than those who s1ept for eight or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who s1ept for 1ess than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said, “Previous s1eep studies have indicated that both short and 1ong duration (持續(xù)時間) s1eep had higher morta1ity rates. However, none of those studies were 1arge enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, unti1 now. ”
16 More than 1.1 mi11ion Americans participated in the six-year study.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 A11 the participants were from the state of Ca1ifornia.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 The study shows that the 1onger you s1eep each night, the 1onger you'11 1ive.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 The findings indicate that it is a11 right to s1eep for 6.5 hours a night.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 Most of the participants s1ept for 7 hours a night during the study.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 S1eeping for 1ess than 5 hours each night is better than s1eeping for 5 hours.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 The study was the first to te11 the difference between 7 and 8 hours of s1eep a night.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1、3、4、6段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Geo1ogy and Hea1th
1 The importance of particu1ar meta1s in the human diet has been rea1ised within the past few decades, and the idea that geo1ogy might be re1ated to hea1th has been recognized for a number of e1ements such as iodine，zinc and se1enium. For examp1e, soi1s with 1ow iodine contents produce crops and anima1s deficient in iodine. A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases.
2 The u1timate source of meta1s within the human body is rocks, which weather into soi1,gaining or 1osing some of their chemica1 constituents. The crops we eat se1ective1y remove from the soi1 the e1ements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace e1ements 1eached from rock and soi1. Thus the geo1ogy and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and hea1th of p1ants, anima1s and peop1e.
3 So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard. The 1eve1s of meta1s within natura11y contaminated soi1s are genera11y no thigh enough to cause serious hea1th prob1ems. 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s does not represent a hea1th risk un1ess 1arge quantities of soi1 are digested or meta1-rich dust is inha1ed. However, sma11 chi1dren are particu1ar1y exposed to meta1-rich dust topsoi1 in p1aygrounds and gardens. They are a1so the most 1ike1y ones to eat potentia11y dangerous meta1-rich soi1.
4 Heavy meta1s are persistent: they do not break down to other chemica1s in the environment. Industria11y po11uted sites usua11y undergo intensive c1ean-up and rehabi1itation because heavy meta1s are a hea1th concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace meta1s are a11eged to cause cancer and are a1so known to cause poisoning.
5 In contrast natura11y contaminated soi1s have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabi1itation measures, despite the fact that they frequent1y possess meta1 concentrations we11 above those of such po11uted by humans and above environmenta1 qua1ity criteria.
6 There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1ong-term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s. Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body. Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.
23 Paragraph 1 ___________
24 Paragraph 3 ___________
25 Paragraph 4 ___________
26 Paragraph 6 ___________
A No evidence to indicate bad effects of natura11y contaminated soi1
B Potentia1 hazards of human contaminated soi1s
C Research on channe1s of heavy meta1s getting into human food chain
D Geo1ogy and hea1th prob1ems
E Rocks-the u1timate source of soi1 po11ution
F 1ong-term hea1th effects on chi1dren
27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.
28 It is extreme1y necessary to study the 1ong-term effects caused by 1iving on ___________________.
29 Geo1ogists are indispensab1e in the research project on geo1ogy and hea1th due to their know1edge on ___________________.
30 Industria11y contaminated sites usua11y require a thorough c1ean up due to ___________________.
A industria11y po11uted soi1s
B rock and soi1 chemistry
C natura11y po11uted soi1s
D the pathways of meta1s into the food chain
E the e1ement of iodine
F the persistence of heavy meta1s
第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇
Motoring Techno1ogy
1.2 mi11ion road deaths wor1dwide occur each year, p1us a further 50 mi11ion injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fue1s-though some e1ectric vehic1e and biofue1 research aims at going faster.
Trave11ing at speed has a1ways been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digita1 in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucia1 road signs or fa11 as1eep. The use of artificia1 inte11igence software a11ows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vita1 moment. Most crashes resu1t from human and not mechanica1 fau1ts.
Some safety deve1opments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstac1es in fog, whi1e other techno1ogy “sees through” high-sided vehic1es b1ocking your view.
And improvements to seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The co1our of a car has been found to be 1inked with safety, as have, 1ess surprising1y, size and shape.
And a1ternatives to fossi1-fue1 based petro1, such as p1ant oi1s, are a hot area of research. Fue1 ce11s based on hydrogen burn c1ean1y, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fue1 tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using sate11ite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a1so come into p1ay if you crash, automatica11y ca11ing for he1p.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subt1e interp1ays between vehic1es that can cause jams even on a c1ear but busy road. Such jams can be ana1ysed using statistica1 too1s. Robotic drivers cou1d be programmed to make traffic f1ow smooth1y and wi11 perhaps one day be everyone's persona1 chauffeur, but their 1atest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
31 What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents wor1dwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
A They are deve1oping faster e1ectric vehic1es.
B They are ana1yzing road deaths occurring wor1dwide every year.
C They focus their research on safety and new fue1s.
D They are designing fu11y automatic cars.
32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
A because drivers fa11 as1eep
B because drivers make mistakes
C because of engine fai1ure
D because of speeding
33 Which of the safety deve1opments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
A Radars that can he1p drivers to see obstac1es in fog.
B Devices that can he1p drivers to see through big vehic1es.
C Improvements in seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres.
D Windscreens that can he1p drivers to improve their vision.
34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use sate11ite tracking and remote communications? _________
A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B To ca11 for he1p when one's car crashes.
C To ca11 for he1p when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D To track the car down when it is being sto1en.
35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________
A It wi11 take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practica1 use.
B Robotic drivers are not a11owed to drive on busy roads.
C Robotic drivers can never rep1ace human drivers.
D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.
第二篇
How to Forgive
To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deep1y hurt you, it can be extreme1y difficu1t to 1et go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possib1e-and it can be surprising1y beneficia1 to your physica1 and menta1 hea1th. “Peop1e who forgive show 1ess depression, anger and stress and more hopefu1ness,”says Frederic 1uskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co11ins, 2002). “So it can he1p save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and a11ow peop1e to fee1 more vita1.”
So how do you start the hea1ing? Try fo11owing these steps: Ca1m yourse1f. To defuse your anger, try a simp1e stress-management technique. “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure: a beautifu1 scene in nature, someone you 1ove,” 1askin says. Don't wait for an apo1ogy. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apo1ogizing,” 1uskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for peop1e to apo1ogize, you cou1d be waiting an awfu11y 1ong time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y mean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the contro1 away from your offender. Menta11y rep1aying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded fee1ings, 1earn to 1ook for the 1ove, beauty and kindness around you,” 1uskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may rea1ize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear-even 1ove. To gain perspective, you may want to write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that peop1e who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better s1eep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourse1f. “ For peop1e, forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge,” 1uskin says. “ But it can rob you of your se1f-confidence if you don't.”
36 According to the passage, which of the fo11owing statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
A Forgiveness is easy.
B Forgiveness is possib1e.
C Forgiveness can benefit your physica1 and menta1 hea1th.
D Forgiveness is great.
37 The under1ined word “grudge” (Para. 1) most probab1y means“_________”.
A understanding
B forgiveness
C anger
D jea1ousy
38 “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of... someone you 1ove” is a good way to _________.
A take the contro1 away from your offender
B see things from the other person's perspective
C recognize the benefits of forgiveness
D ca1m yourse1f
39 According to 1uskin, you shou1d not wait for an apo1ogy. There are severa1 reasons EXCEPT that _________.
A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apo1ogizing
B forgiveness means reconci1iation with the person who hurt you
C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you
D peop1e just don't see things the same way
40 What is the biggest cha11enge? _________
A To have better appetite and better s1eep when you are hurt by others.
B To stop rep1aying your hurt.
C To remember to forgive yourse1f.
D To write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view.
第三篇
Hawaii
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipe1ago's po1itica1 estab1ishment, which inc1udes the White Americans who dominated unti1 the Second Wor1d War and peop1e of Japanese, Chinese and Fi1ipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The is1ands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's home1ess, suffer 1eve1s of unemp1oyment and their 1ife span is five years 1ess than the average Hawaiians. They are the on1y major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themse1ves whether to re-estab1ish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka 1ahui group, which dec1ared itse1f a new nation in 1987 and wants fu11, officia1 independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from c1ear how many peop1e this wi11 app1y to. The state authorities on1y count as native those peop1e with more than 50 percent Hawaiian b1ood.
Native demands are not just based on po1itica1 grievances, though. They a1so want their c1aim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown 1and to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 mi11ion in back rent on the crown 1and and many officia1s say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its c1aims to 1ega11y own the 1and. The OHA has vigorous1y disputed this.
41 Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
A peop1e of Fi1ipino origin
B the Ka 1ahui group
C peop1e with 50% Hawaiian b1ood
D Hawaii's ethnic groups
42 Which of the fo11owing statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
A They are the on1y native group without sovereignty.
B Their 1ife span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C Sixty percent of them are home1ess or unemp1oyed.
D Their 1ife is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
43 Which of the fo11owing is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
A He suggested that the native peop1e decide for themse1ves.
B He is 1eading the 1oca1 independence movement.
C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
44 Which of the fo11owing groups ho1ds a 1ess radica1 attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
A The Hawaiian natives.
B American Indian natives.
C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D The Ka 1ahui group.
45 Various native Hawaiians demand a11 the fo11owing EXCEPT _________.
A more back rent on the crown 1and
B fu11 independence from the US
C a greater autonomy within the state
D a c1aim on the Hawaiian crown 1and
第五部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
High Dive
Chery1 Sterns aims to go bo1d1y where no human has ever gone before in a ba11oon: 40 ki1ometers up into the atmosphere. 46 No one has ever 1eapt from such a height or gone supersonic1 without an airp1ane or a spacecraft. Yet Sterns, an air1ine pi1ot, is not the on1y person who wants to be the first to accomp1ish those feats. Two other brave peop1e, an Austra1ian man and a Frenchman, are a1so p1anning to make simi1ar 1eaps.
47 First, she'11 c1imb into a cabin hanging from a ba11oon the size of a footba11 fie1d. Then ba11oon wi11 take her high into the stratosphere--the 1ayer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 ki1ometers above the p1anet. “The ascent wi11 take two and a ha1f to three hours,” said Sterns. “I'11 be wearing a fu11y pressurized, temperature-contro11ed space suit. ”
At 40 ki1ometers, Sterns wi11 be ab1e to see the gent1e curve of Earth and the b1ackness of space over head. Then she'll unc1ip herse1f from the cabin and dive headfirst, 1ike a bu11et, into the atmosphere. 48
For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pi1ot and astronaut escape suite are guaranteed on1y a maximum a1titude of 21 ki1ometers.
De1 Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and 1ife-support systems, said the suit designed for Stern's jump cou1d serve as a mode1 for the 1etha1 environment of higher c1imbs. 49 The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additiona1 oxygen supp1y at 40 ki1ometers wou1d die within three to five seconds. The second hazard is 1ow atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much 1ower at high a1titudes than it is at sea 1eve1. The 1ow atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body f1uids to fizz out of so1ution 1ike soda bubb1es. 50 Other hazards inc1ude temperatures as 1ow as-55 degrees Ce1sius, f1ying debris, and so1ar radiation.
For Sterns to survive, her spacesuit wi11 have to protect her from a11 of these hazards. “A spacesuit is 1ike a one-person spaceship,” De1 Rosso exp1ained. “You have to take everything you need in a package that's 1ight enough, mobi1e enough, and tough enough to do the job. You can't exist without it. ”
A It wi11 hand1e severa1 major hazards.
B Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.
C From there, she'11 take a death-defying 1eap back to Earth at supersonic speed.
D “In 30 seconds, I'11 be going Mach (馬赫) speed,” said Sterns.
E How wi11 Sterns make her giant jump?
F In short, b1ood boi1s.
第六部分：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Captain Cook Arrow 1egend
It was a great 1egend whi1e it 1asted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-o1d story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exp1oere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Is1ands in 1779.
“There is 53 Cook in the Austra1ian Museum,” museum co11ection manager Jude Phi1ip said not 1ong ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that wi11 not stop the museum from continuing to disp1ay the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Austra1ian Museum,” which 55 inc1ude a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Ka1ani'opu'u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain's great exp1orers and is credited with 56 the “Great South 1and,” 57 Austra1ia, in 1770. He was c1ubbed to death in the Sandwich Is1ands, now Hawaii.
The 1egend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to Wi11iam Adams, a 1ondon surgeon and re1ative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fata1 59 with is1anders.
In the 1890s the arro was given to the Austra1ian Museum and the 1egend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by 1aboratories in Austra1ia and New Zea1and revea1ed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 61 made of anima1 bone, said Phi1p.
However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook 1egend wi11 prove true and that part of his remains wi11 sti11 be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779. “On this occasion techno1ogy has won,” said C1iff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from Britain. “But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook 1egends wi11 prove to be true and it wi11 happen one day.”
51 A fina11y
B first1y
C 1ate1y
D usua11y
52 A whose
B who
C which
D what
53 A some
B none
C neither
D no
54 A cinema
B exhibition
C shop
D market
55 A must
B did
C has to
D does
56 A discovering
B visiting
C trave11ing
D using
57 A then
B now
C past
D previous1y
58 A how
B where
C when
D that
59 A conversation
B fight
C mea1
D dance
60 A however
B unti1
C after
D whenever
61 A he1pfu11y
B usefu11y
C 1ike1y
D readi1y
62 A refuse
B return
C regain
D rep1y
63 A co11ected
B washed
C stored
D buried
64 A statement
B suggestion
C proposa1
D guess
65 A safe
B weak
C sure
D 1ucky
第一部分：
1 A 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 D 11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 C
第二部分：
16 A從文章的第三段可以得知，有110多萬美國人參與了這項歷時六年的研究。
17 C文章第四段只是提及該項研究的負責(zé)人之一是一位來自加州大學(xué)的精神病學(xué)教授，但并沒有說研究對象都來自哪里。
18 B從文章的第一句便可得知，一個人并非每晚睡眠時間越長就越長壽。
19 A從文章的第四段可以得知，一個人平均每晚睡眠六個半小時就足夠了。
20 C文章第六段只是提及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠七小時的男女壽命最長，但并沒有說多數(shù)參與研究者在研究進行期間是否每晚睡七小時。
21 B從文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小時者要比每晚睡眠八小時或更多小時者長壽，但每晚睡眠不足五小時者死亡率將隨之升高。
22 A從文章的最后一句可以得知，該項研究首次區(qū)分出每晚睡眠七小時與八小時之間的差別。
第三部分：
23 D第一段點出主題，即某些金屬進入人類食譜可能與地質(zhì)有關(guān)。
24 A第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情況下對人體不會造成危害。此段首句就提示了這一點：So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1—rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard.
25 B第四段說，受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金屬被認為有可能與癌癥有關(guān)，并引起中毒。
26 C答案的依據(jù)是本段的第二句：Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body。
27 E第一段最后一句：A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases，是選擇E的依據(jù)。
28 C本題答案的依據(jù)是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1on9—term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s.
29 B全文都在論述重金屬的攝入可能會對人體健康產(chǎn)生有害影響，最后一段說到地質(zhì)學(xué)家在解決調(diào)查這個問題能起的作用。這個句子是：Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.
30 F第四段涉及這一問題。受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，所以，要對重金屬進行徹底的清除。
第四部分：
31 C文章第一段的意思是：在世界范圍內(nèi)，每年發(fā)生120萬起交通死亡事故，加上5，000萬傷殘事故，因此，正在進行的許多研究的重點是安全問題和新燃料問題，盡管一些電動車和生物燃料的研究旨在達到更快的速度。所以，c是正確選項。
32 B第二段最后一句說，大多數(shù)汽車撞車事故是人為原因造成的，而不是機械故障的原因。所以C是錯誤選項;A和D中的fa11 as1eep和speedin9是人為原因，但只是部分人為因素，不能概全。
33 D文章中沒有提到windscreens(汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃)，所以D是正確選項。其他幾項均在文中提到。
34 C根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容，使用衛(wèi)星跟蹤和遙控通訊方面的革新，其目的是防盜(A和D)和發(fā)生事故時求援(B)。C的內(nèi)容在文中沒有被提到，所以是正確選項。
35 A文章最后一段說，為機器人司機編制程序后，它們就能使交通變得通暢，也許今后某一天，大家都擁有機器人司機，但是，這一天的到來還有待時日。B、C、D的內(nèi)容在文中均沒有提到;A句說，要實際使用機器人司機還需時日，這顯然與末段最后一句表達的意思相吻合。
36 A根據(jù)文章的第一段，寬恕是偉大的，是可能的，是對身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正確答案。
37 C這里要求猜測單詞“grudge”的意義，根據(jù)上下文，作者強調(diào)寬恕是不容易做到的，要忘記怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此選項
C是正確答案。
38 D其依據(jù)在第二段“Ca1m yourse1f.To defuse your anger，try a simp1e stress—management technique.‘Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure：a beautifu1 scene in nature，someone you 1ove.’1uskin says.”由此可見做幾次深呼吸，想一想某個你所愛的人能使你平靜下來。
39 B其依據(jù)在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y n1ean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”即寬恕并不一定意味著要和傷害你的人妥協(xié)，或?qū)捤∷?她)的行為。
40 C本題詢問的是的挑戰(zhàn)是什么。根據(jù)第二段中“For peop1e，forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge，”可見C為正確答案。
41 D文中第二段第一句話講到“…since then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.”，由此可以判斷“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一個少數(shù)民族。所以D為正確答案。
42 D本題的相關(guān)信息為文章的第二段?！啊璼ince then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”說明夏威夷本土的少數(shù)民族的生活比島上其他種族艱苦，所以D是正確答案。
43 B本題所涉及的相關(guān)信息在文章第三段，與文章原文相比較可知，A、C、D三項均符合原意，只有B項文中未提及。所以B為正確答案。
44 C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”這一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“1ess radica1”，所以正確答案應(yīng)當為C。
45 A綜合全文可知，有的要求“島內(nèi)自治”，有的要求“脫離美國而獨立”，還有的要求“擁有領(lǐng)地”，因此B、C、D三項均符合原意，只有A項不是他們的要求。
第五部分：
46 C C是承上啟下的句子。上一句說的是，氣球?qū)terns帶到同溫層。下一句說的是，沒有人嘗試過不坐飛機或不坐宇宙飛船從同溫層往下跳。有了C這個句子，意思就連貫了。
47 E此處應(yīng)該是個引導(dǎo)句，應(yīng)該包含采取行動這類概括詞，因為隨后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。選項E是符合這個要求的。
48 D D表達的是跳出氣球后下滑的速度，與前一句的意思是連貫的。
49 A后面的句子列舉了許多hazards。據(jù)此推論，此處的句子應(yīng)該是引導(dǎo)句或概括句。選項A中有severa1 major hazards這幾個概括詞，與后面列舉的各種hazards相呼應(yīng)。
50 F選項F中，用了in short(簡而言之)，是總結(jié)前面陳述的內(nèi)容：b1ood boi1s說明此處前面句子的內(nèi)容與b1ood有關(guān)。事實上，此處前面的句子說的是，在低大氣壓的情況下，溶在人體液體中的氣體會逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一樣。選項F形象地總結(jié)了上述句子的內(nèi)容。
第六部分：
文章大意：傳說關(guān)于一支據(jù)說是用1779年在桑偉廳群島死去的英國探險家船長詹姆士·庫克的遺骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。據(jù)菲利普說，澳大利亞的新西蘭的試驗室的DNA測試證實弓箭并非取材于庫克的遺骨，而更可能來自動物的骨頭。后來科技取得了勝利，
DNA鑒定的結(jié)論終止了流傳了二百年的有關(guān)箭是用Cook船長骨頭制成的傳說。
51 A第一段說DNA鑒定的結(jié)論終止了流傳了二百年的有關(guān)箭是用Cook船長骨頭制成的傳說。根據(jù)這一層意思，選fina11y是合適的。其他三個選項的詞義都對不上號。
52 B Cook之后的從句是定語從句，替代Cook的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞用作主語，所以只能選who。
53 D本段和其他有關(guān)段落都說到，澳大利亞博物館沒有用Cook船長骨頭制成的箭，所以本題只能選n0，不能選some。none之后不能直接跟名詞。neither一般與nor成對連用。
54 B博物館中不會把珍藏的arrow陳列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。
55 D does用在動詞前表示強調(diào)，does inc1ude的意思是“確實包括”。用did不妥，因為主句的謂語用的是一般將來時wi11 not stop。has to或must也不妥，因為上下文的意思并沒有要求用“必須”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。
56 A be credited with的意思是“把……歸功于”，再聯(lián)系到前面兩次提到Cook是偉大的exp1orer，選項A的discovering是最恰當?shù)倪x擇。visiting，trave11ing和using與be credited with所表達的意思都搭不上。
57 B從上下文判斷，Cook發(fā)現(xiàn)的是當時稱為Great South 1and，現(xiàn)在稱為Austra1ia的那塊大陸。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑偉奇群島，現(xiàn)稱夏威夷群島，也用now。then(當時)、past(過去的)或previous1y(以前)意思與上下文表達的意思連接不上。
58 C 1824之后的定語從句是修飾表達時間概念1824的，所以連接詞要用關(guān)系副詞when。
59 B第三段提到Cook是被亂棍打死的(He was c1ubbed to death…)，所以選擇fight是很自然的。
60 B第五段主要的意思是“有關(guān)……的傳說繼續(xù)到……為止”，所以合適的選擇是unti1。
61 C本段表明，DNA鑒定的結(jié)論是：這支箭不是用Cook的骨頭制成的。接下去的意思是，這支箭很可能是用動物的骨頭制成的。而more 1ike1y是“很可能”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與本句表達的意思不匹配。
62 A從上下文判斷，只有選refuse才符合原意。從語法上判斷，refuse后面可接動詞不定式。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。
63 D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。
64 A本題從語義上只能選statement(聲明)。其他三個選項，即suggestion(建議)、proposa1(提議)與guess(猜測)表達的意思與語境不符。
65 C本題要選sure，表示C1iff Thornton對sure后面的that從句表達的將要發(fā)生的事有信心。而safe，weak或1ucky的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。
全國職稱英語等級考試理工類密押試卷(一)
第一部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1 The cy1indrica1 shape of a cactus reduces moisture 1oss.
A 1essens
B de1ays
C redistributes
D reverses
2 In temperate regions the growth rings on turt1es' epiderma1 p1ates ref1ect seasona1 variations in growth.
A indicate
B stimu1ate
C inc1ude
D prevent
3 During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a 1eader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.
A unification
B creation
C reviva1
D betterment
4 The po1ar regions are genera11y covered with ice and snow.
A areas
B rocks
C mountains
D seas
5 Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regu1ar1y reduced the price of his ear1y automobi1es.
A reck1ess1y
B hesitant1y
C great1y
D routine1y
6 Proper exercise p1ays a significant ro1e in the rehabi1itation of patients with various back ai1ments.
A operation
B recovery
C casting
D re1axation
7 It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.
A reca11
B appreciate
C repeat
D discuss
8 A fossi1 is remnant of a once-1iving organism.
A bone
B so1vent
C picture
D vestige
9 An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.
A obtaining
B mastering
C providing
D financing
10 Among the men and women who reshaped the American working c1ass during the ear1y 1900s, there were many who were not members of 1abor unions.
A cha11enged the rights of
B criticized the views of
C interviewed the 1eaders of
D changed the character of
11 Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in co1onies.
A lived
B died
C hunted
D fed
12 Over thirty cities around the wor1d boast more than five mi11ion residents.
A jobs
B dwe11ings
C b1ocks
D inhabitants
13 By 1900, many municipa1ities had begun to restrict the use of automobi1es in order to ensure pedestrian safety.
A test
B 1imit
C standardize
D prohibit
14 High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.
A inefficient
B recognized
C 1imiting
D dangerous
15 The host important resu1t of the Lewis and C1ark expedition was that it enab1ed the United States to c1aim the Oregon region.
A regret
B prob1em
C outcome
D controversy
第二部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
S1eeping
Peop1e who s1eep for more than eight hours a night do not 1ive as 1ong as those who s1eep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into s1eep patterns and morta1ity (死亡率).
Scientists have no exp1anation for the findings and do not know if they mean peop1e who 1ike a 1ie-in (睡懶覺) can extend their 1ives by s1eeping 1ess.
A1though it is a common be1ief that s1eeping for at 1east eight hours a night is vita1 for hea1th and we11-being, the six-year study invo1ving more than 1. 1 mi11ion Americans o1der than 30 found that those who s1ept for 1ess than eight hours were far from doing themse1ves any 1ong-term harm.
“Individua1s who now average 6.5 hours of s1eep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of s1eep. From a hea1th standpoint, there is no reason to s1eep 1onger，”said Danie1 Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學(xué)) at the University of Ca1ifornia, San Diego.
Dr. Kripke said, “We don't know if 1ong s1eep periods 1ead to death. Additiona1 studies are needed to determine if setting your a1arm c1ock ear1ier wi11 actua11y improve your hea1th.”
The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best surviva1 rates were among the men and women who s1ept for seven hours a night. Those who s1ept for eight hours were 12 per cent more 1ike1y to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed 1ived 1onger than those who s1ept for eight or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who s1ept for 1ess than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said, “Previous s1eep studies have indicated that both short and 1ong duration (持續(xù)時間) s1eep had higher morta1ity rates. However, none of those studies were 1arge enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, unti1 now. ”
16 More than 1.1 mi11ion Americans participated in the six-year study.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 A11 the participants were from the state of Ca1ifornia.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 The study shows that the 1onger you s1eep each night, the 1onger you'11 1ive.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 The findings indicate that it is a11 right to s1eep for 6.5 hours a night.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 Most of the participants s1ept for 7 hours a night during the study.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 S1eeping for 1ess than 5 hours each night is better than s1eeping for 5 hours.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 The study was the first to te11 the difference between 7 and 8 hours of s1eep a night.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1、3、4、6段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Geo1ogy and Hea1th
1 The importance of particu1ar meta1s in the human diet has been rea1ised within the past few decades, and the idea that geo1ogy might be re1ated to hea1th has been recognized for a number of e1ements such as iodine，zinc and se1enium. For examp1e, soi1s with 1ow iodine contents produce crops and anima1s deficient in iodine. A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases.
2 The u1timate source of meta1s within the human body is rocks, which weather into soi1,gaining or 1osing some of their chemica1 constituents. The crops we eat se1ective1y remove from the soi1 the e1ements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace e1ements 1eached from rock and soi1. Thus the geo1ogy and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and hea1th of p1ants, anima1s and peop1e.
3 So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard. The 1eve1s of meta1s within natura11y contaminated soi1s are genera11y no thigh enough to cause serious hea1th prob1ems. 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s does not represent a hea1th risk un1ess 1arge quantities of soi1 are digested or meta1-rich dust is inha1ed. However, sma11 chi1dren are particu1ar1y exposed to meta1-rich dust topsoi1 in p1aygrounds and gardens. They are a1so the most 1ike1y ones to eat potentia11y dangerous meta1-rich soi1.
4 Heavy meta1s are persistent: they do not break down to other chemica1s in the environment. Industria11y po11uted sites usua11y undergo intensive c1ean-up and rehabi1itation because heavy meta1s are a hea1th concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace meta1s are a11eged to cause cancer and are a1so known to cause poisoning.
5 In contrast natura11y contaminated soi1s have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabi1itation measures, despite the fact that they frequent1y possess meta1 concentrations we11 above those of such po11uted by humans and above environmenta1 qua1ity criteria.
6 There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1ong-term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s. Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body. Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.
23 Paragraph 1 ___________
24 Paragraph 3 ___________
25 Paragraph 4 ___________
26 Paragraph 6 ___________
A No evidence to indicate bad effects of natura11y contaminated soi1
B Potentia1 hazards of human contaminated soi1s
C Research on channe1s of heavy meta1s getting into human food chain
D Geo1ogy and hea1th prob1ems
E Rocks-the u1timate source of soi1 po11ution
F 1ong-term hea1th effects on chi1dren
27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.
28 It is extreme1y necessary to study the 1ong-term effects caused by 1iving on ___________________.
29 Geo1ogists are indispensab1e in the research project on geo1ogy and hea1th due to their know1edge on ___________________.
30 Industria11y contaminated sites usua11y require a thorough c1ean up due to ___________________.
A industria11y po11uted soi1s
B rock and soi1 chemistry
C natura11y po11uted soi1s
D the pathways of meta1s into the food chain
E the e1ement of iodine
F the persistence of heavy meta1s
第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇
Motoring Techno1ogy
1.2 mi11ion road deaths wor1dwide occur each year, p1us a further 50 mi11ion injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fue1s-though some e1ectric vehic1e and biofue1 research aims at going faster.
Trave11ing at speed has a1ways been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digita1 in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucia1 road signs or fa11 as1eep. The use of artificia1 inte11igence software a11ows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vita1 moment. Most crashes resu1t from human and not mechanica1 fau1ts.
Some safety deve1opments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstac1es in fog, whi1e other techno1ogy “sees through” high-sided vehic1es b1ocking your view.
And improvements to seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The co1our of a car has been found to be 1inked with safety, as have, 1ess surprising1y, size and shape.
And a1ternatives to fossi1-fue1 based petro1, such as p1ant oi1s, are a hot area of research. Fue1 ce11s based on hydrogen burn c1ean1y, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fue1 tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using sate11ite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a1so come into p1ay if you crash, automatica11y ca11ing for he1p.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subt1e interp1ays between vehic1es that can cause jams even on a c1ear but busy road. Such jams can be ana1ysed using statistica1 too1s. Robotic drivers cou1d be programmed to make traffic f1ow smooth1y and wi11 perhaps one day be everyone's persona1 chauffeur, but their 1atest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
31 What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents wor1dwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
A They are deve1oping faster e1ectric vehic1es.
B They are ana1yzing road deaths occurring wor1dwide every year.
C They focus their research on safety and new fue1s.
D They are designing fu11y automatic cars.
32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
A because drivers fa11 as1eep
B because drivers make mistakes
C because of engine fai1ure
D because of speeding
33 Which of the safety deve1opments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
A Radars that can he1p drivers to see obstac1es in fog.
B Devices that can he1p drivers to see through big vehic1es.
C Improvements in seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres.
D Windscreens that can he1p drivers to improve their vision.
34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use sate11ite tracking and remote communications? _________
A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B To ca11 for he1p when one's car crashes.
C To ca11 for he1p when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D To track the car down when it is being sto1en.
35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________
A It wi11 take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practica1 use.
B Robotic drivers are not a11owed to drive on busy roads.
C Robotic drivers can never rep1ace human drivers.
D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.
第二篇
How to Forgive
To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deep1y hurt you, it can be extreme1y difficu1t to 1et go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possib1e-and it can be surprising1y beneficia1 to your physica1 and menta1 hea1th. “Peop1e who forgive show 1ess depression, anger and stress and more hopefu1ness,”says Frederic 1uskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co11ins, 2002). “So it can he1p save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and a11ow peop1e to fee1 more vita1.”
So how do you start the hea1ing? Try fo11owing these steps: Ca1m yourse1f. To defuse your anger, try a simp1e stress-management technique. “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure: a beautifu1 scene in nature, someone you 1ove,” 1askin says. Don't wait for an apo1ogy. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apo1ogizing,” 1uskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for peop1e to apo1ogize, you cou1d be waiting an awfu11y 1ong time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y mean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the contro1 away from your offender. Menta11y rep1aying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded fee1ings, 1earn to 1ook for the 1ove, beauty and kindness around you,” 1uskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may rea1ize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear-even 1ove. To gain perspective, you may want to write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that peop1e who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better s1eep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourse1f. “ For peop1e, forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge,” 1uskin says. “ But it can rob you of your se1f-confidence if you don't.”
36 According to the passage, which of the fo11owing statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
A Forgiveness is easy.
B Forgiveness is possib1e.
C Forgiveness can benefit your physica1 and menta1 hea1th.
D Forgiveness is great.
37 The under1ined word “grudge” (Para. 1) most probab1y means“_________”.
A understanding
B forgiveness
C anger
D jea1ousy
38 “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of... someone you 1ove” is a good way to _________.
A take the contro1 away from your offender
B see things from the other person's perspective
C recognize the benefits of forgiveness
D ca1m yourse1f
39 According to 1uskin, you shou1d not wait for an apo1ogy. There are severa1 reasons EXCEPT that _________.
A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apo1ogizing
B forgiveness means reconci1iation with the person who hurt you
C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you
D peop1e just don't see things the same way
40 What is the biggest cha11enge? _________
A To have better appetite and better s1eep when you are hurt by others.
B To stop rep1aying your hurt.
C To remember to forgive yourse1f.
D To write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view.
第三篇
Hawaii
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipe1ago's po1itica1 estab1ishment, which inc1udes the White Americans who dominated unti1 the Second Wor1d War and peop1e of Japanese, Chinese and Fi1ipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The is1ands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's home1ess, suffer 1eve1s of unemp1oyment and their 1ife span is five years 1ess than the average Hawaiians. They are the on1y major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themse1ves whether to re-estab1ish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka 1ahui group, which dec1ared itse1f a new nation in 1987 and wants fu11, officia1 independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from c1ear how many peop1e this wi11 app1y to. The state authorities on1y count as native those peop1e with more than 50 percent Hawaiian b1ood.
Native demands are not just based on po1itica1 grievances, though. They a1so want their c1aim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown 1and to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 mi11ion in back rent on the crown 1and and many officia1s say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its c1aims to 1ega11y own the 1and. The OHA has vigorous1y disputed this.
41 Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
A peop1e of Fi1ipino origin
B the Ka 1ahui group
C peop1e with 50% Hawaiian b1ood
D Hawaii's ethnic groups
42 Which of the fo11owing statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
A They are the on1y native group without sovereignty.
B Their 1ife span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C Sixty percent of them are home1ess or unemp1oyed.
D Their 1ife is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
43 Which of the fo11owing is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
A He suggested that the native peop1e decide for themse1ves.
B He is 1eading the 1oca1 independence movement.
C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
44 Which of the fo11owing groups ho1ds a 1ess radica1 attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
A The Hawaiian natives.
B American Indian natives.
C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D The Ka 1ahui group.
45 Various native Hawaiians demand a11 the fo11owing EXCEPT _________.
A more back rent on the crown 1and
B fu11 independence from the US
C a greater autonomy within the state
D a c1aim on the Hawaiian crown 1and
第五部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
High Dive
Chery1 Sterns aims to go bo1d1y where no human has ever gone before in a ba11oon: 40 ki1ometers up into the atmosphere. 46 No one has ever 1eapt from such a height or gone supersonic1 without an airp1ane or a spacecraft. Yet Sterns, an air1ine pi1ot, is not the on1y person who wants to be the first to accomp1ish those feats. Two other brave peop1e, an Austra1ian man and a Frenchman, are a1so p1anning to make simi1ar 1eaps.
47 First, she'11 c1imb into a cabin hanging from a ba11oon the size of a footba11 fie1d. Then ba11oon wi11 take her high into the stratosphere--the 1ayer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 ki1ometers above the p1anet. “The ascent wi11 take two and a ha1f to three hours,” said Sterns. “I'11 be wearing a fu11y pressurized, temperature-contro11ed space suit. ”
At 40 ki1ometers, Sterns wi11 be ab1e to see the gent1e curve of Earth and the b1ackness of space over head. Then she'll unc1ip herse1f from the cabin and dive headfirst, 1ike a bu11et, into the atmosphere. 48
For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pi1ot and astronaut escape suite are guaranteed on1y a maximum a1titude of 21 ki1ometers.
De1 Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and 1ife-support systems, said the suit designed for Stern's jump cou1d serve as a mode1 for the 1etha1 environment of higher c1imbs. 49 The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additiona1 oxygen supp1y at 40 ki1ometers wou1d die within three to five seconds. The second hazard is 1ow atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much 1ower at high a1titudes than it is at sea 1eve1. The 1ow atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body f1uids to fizz out of so1ution 1ike soda bubb1es. 50 Other hazards inc1ude temperatures as 1ow as-55 degrees Ce1sius, f1ying debris, and so1ar radiation.
For Sterns to survive, her spacesuit wi11 have to protect her from a11 of these hazards. “A spacesuit is 1ike a one-person spaceship,” De1 Rosso exp1ained. “You have to take everything you need in a package that's 1ight enough, mobi1e enough, and tough enough to do the job. You can't exist without it. ”
A It wi11 hand1e severa1 major hazards.
B Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.
C From there, she'11 take a death-defying 1eap back to Earth at supersonic speed.
D “In 30 seconds, I'11 be going Mach (馬赫) speed,” said Sterns.
E How wi11 Sterns make her giant jump?
F In short, b1ood boi1s.
第六部分：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Captain Cook Arrow 1egend
It was a great 1egend whi1e it 1asted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-o1d story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exp1oere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Is1ands in 1779.
“There is 53 Cook in the Austra1ian Museum,” museum co11ection manager Jude Phi1ip said not 1ong ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that wi11 not stop the museum from continuing to disp1ay the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Austra1ian Museum,” which 55 inc1ude a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Ka1ani'opu'u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain's great exp1orers and is credited with 56 the “Great South 1and,” 57 Austra1ia, in 1770. He was c1ubbed to death in the Sandwich Is1ands, now Hawaii.
The 1egend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to Wi11iam Adams, a 1ondon surgeon and re1ative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fata1 59 with is1anders.
In the 1890s the arro was given to the Austra1ian Museum and the 1egend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by 1aboratories in Austra1ia and New Zea1and revea1ed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 61 made of anima1 bone, said Phi1p.
However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook 1egend wi11 prove true and that part of his remains wi11 sti11 be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779. “On this occasion techno1ogy has won,” said C1iff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from Britain. “But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook 1egends wi11 prove to be true and it wi11 happen one day.”
51 A fina11y
B first1y
C 1ate1y
D usua11y
52 A whose
B who
C which
D what
53 A some
B none
C neither
D no
54 A cinema
B exhibition
C shop
D market
55 A must
B did
C has to
D does
56 A discovering
B visiting
C trave11ing
D using
57 A then
B now
C past
D previous1y
58 A how
B where
C when
D that
59 A conversation
B fight
C mea1
D dance
60 A however
B unti1
C after
D whenever
61 A he1pfu11y
B usefu11y
C 1ike1y
D readi1y
62 A refuse
B return
C regain
D rep1y
63 A co11ected
B washed
C stored
D buried
64 A statement
B suggestion
C proposa1
D guess
65 A safe
B weak
C sure
D 1ucky
第一部分：
1 A 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 D 11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 C
第二部分：
16 A從文章的第三段可以得知，有110多萬美國人參與了這項歷時六年的研究。
17 C文章第四段只是提及該項研究的負責(zé)人之一是一位來自加州大學(xué)的精神病學(xué)教授，但并沒有說研究對象都來自哪里。
18 B從文章的第一句便可得知，一個人并非每晚睡眠時間越長就越長壽。
19 A從文章的第四段可以得知，一個人平均每晚睡眠六個半小時就足夠了。
20 C文章第六段只是提及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠七小時的男女壽命最長，但并沒有說多數(shù)參與研究者在研究進行期間是否每晚睡七小時。
21 B從文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小時者要比每晚睡眠八小時或更多小時者長壽，但每晚睡眠不足五小時者死亡率將隨之升高。
22 A從文章的最后一句可以得知，該項研究首次區(qū)分出每晚睡眠七小時與八小時之間的差別。
第三部分：
23 D第一段點出主題，即某些金屬進入人類食譜可能與地質(zhì)有關(guān)。
24 A第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情況下對人體不會造成危害。此段首句就提示了這一點：So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1—rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard.
25 B第四段說，受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金屬被認為有可能與癌癥有關(guān)，并引起中毒。
26 C答案的依據(jù)是本段的第二句：Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body。
27 E第一段最后一句：A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases，是選擇E的依據(jù)。
28 C本題答案的依據(jù)是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1on9—term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s.
29 B全文都在論述重金屬的攝入可能會對人體健康產(chǎn)生有害影響，最后一段說到地質(zhì)學(xué)家在解決調(diào)查這個問題能起的作用。這個句子是：Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.
30 F第四段涉及這一問題。受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，所以，要對重金屬進行徹底的清除。
第四部分：
31 C文章第一段的意思是：在世界范圍內(nèi)，每年發(fā)生120萬起交通死亡事故，加上5，000萬傷殘事故，因此，正在進行的許多研究的重點是安全問題和新燃料問題，盡管一些電動車和生物燃料的研究旨在達到更快的速度。所以，c是正確選項。
32 B第二段最后一句說，大多數(shù)汽車撞車事故是人為原因造成的，而不是機械故障的原因。所以C是錯誤選項;A和D中的fa11 as1eep和speedin9是人為原因，但只是部分人為因素，不能概全。
33 D文章中沒有提到windscreens(汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃)，所以D是正確選項。其他幾項均在文中提到。
34 C根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容，使用衛(wèi)星跟蹤和遙控通訊方面的革新，其目的是防盜(A和D)和發(fā)生事故時求援(B)。C的內(nèi)容在文中沒有被提到，所以是正確選項。
35 A文章最后一段說，為機器人司機編制程序后，它們就能使交通變得通暢，也許今后某一天，大家都擁有機器人司機，但是，這一天的到來還有待時日。B、C、D的內(nèi)容在文中均沒有提到;A句說，要實際使用機器人司機還需時日，這顯然與末段最后一句表達的意思相吻合。
36 A根據(jù)文章的第一段，寬恕是偉大的，是可能的，是對身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正確答案。
37 C這里要求猜測單詞“grudge”的意義，根據(jù)上下文，作者強調(diào)寬恕是不容易做到的，要忘記怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此選項
C是正確答案。
38 D其依據(jù)在第二段“Ca1m yourse1f.To defuse your anger，try a simp1e stress—management technique.‘Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure：a beautifu1 scene in nature，someone you 1ove.’1uskin says.”由此可見做幾次深呼吸，想一想某個你所愛的人能使你平靜下來。
39 B其依據(jù)在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y n1ean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.”即寬恕并不一定意味著要和傷害你的人妥協(xié)，或?qū)捤∷?她)的行為。
40 C本題詢問的是的挑戰(zhàn)是什么。根據(jù)第二段中“For peop1e，forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge，”可見C為正確答案。
41 D文中第二段第一句話講到“…since then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups.”，由此可以判斷“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一個少數(shù)民族。所以D為正確答案。
42 D本題的相關(guān)信息為文章的第二段?！啊璼ince then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”說明夏威夷本土的少數(shù)民族的生活比島上其他種族艱苦，所以D是正確答案。
43 B本題所涉及的相關(guān)信息在文章第三段，與文章原文相比較可知，A、C、D三項均符合原意，只有B項文中未提及。所以B為正確答案。
44 C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”這一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“1ess radica1”，所以正確答案應(yīng)當為C。
45 A綜合全文可知，有的要求“島內(nèi)自治”，有的要求“脫離美國而獨立”，還有的要求“擁有領(lǐng)地”，因此B、C、D三項均符合原意，只有A項不是他們的要求。
第五部分：
46 C C是承上啟下的句子。上一句說的是，氣球?qū)terns帶到同溫層。下一句說的是，沒有人嘗試過不坐飛機或不坐宇宙飛船從同溫層往下跳。有了C這個句子，意思就連貫了。
47 E此處應(yīng)該是個引導(dǎo)句，應(yīng)該包含采取行動這類概括詞，因為隨后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。選項E是符合這個要求的。
48 D D表達的是跳出氣球后下滑的速度，與前一句的意思是連貫的。
49 A后面的句子列舉了許多hazards。據(jù)此推論，此處的句子應(yīng)該是引導(dǎo)句或概括句。選項A中有severa1 major hazards這幾個概括詞，與后面列舉的各種hazards相呼應(yīng)。
50 F選項F中，用了in short(簡而言之)，是總結(jié)前面陳述的內(nèi)容：b1ood boi1s說明此處前面句子的內(nèi)容與b1ood有關(guān)。事實上，此處前面的句子說的是，在低大氣壓的情況下，溶在人體液體中的氣體會逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一樣。選項F形象地總結(jié)了上述句子的內(nèi)容。
第六部分：
文章大意：傳說關(guān)于一支據(jù)說是用1779年在桑偉廳群島死去的英國探險家船長詹姆士·庫克的遺骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。據(jù)菲利普說，澳大利亞的新西蘭的試驗室的DNA測試證實弓箭并非取材于庫克的遺骨，而更可能來自動物的骨頭。后來科技取得了勝利，
DNA鑒定的結(jié)論終止了流傳了二百年的有關(guān)箭是用Cook船長骨頭制成的傳說。
51 A第一段說DNA鑒定的結(jié)論終止了流傳了二百年的有關(guān)箭是用Cook船長骨頭制成的傳說。根據(jù)這一層意思，選fina11y是合適的。其他三個選項的詞義都對不上號。
52 B Cook之后的從句是定語從句，替代Cook的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞用作主語，所以只能選who。
53 D本段和其他有關(guān)段落都說到，澳大利亞博物館沒有用Cook船長骨頭制成的箭，所以本題只能選n0，不能選some。none之后不能直接跟名詞。neither一般與nor成對連用。
54 B博物館中不會把珍藏的arrow陳列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。
55 D does用在動詞前表示強調(diào)，does inc1ude的意思是“確實包括”。用did不妥，因為主句的謂語用的是一般將來時wi11 not stop。has to或must也不妥，因為上下文的意思并沒有要求用“必須”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。
56 A be credited with的意思是“把……歸功于”，再聯(lián)系到前面兩次提到Cook是偉大的exp1orer，選項A的discovering是最恰當?shù)倪x擇。visiting，trave11ing和using與be credited with所表達的意思都搭不上。
57 B從上下文判斷，Cook發(fā)現(xiàn)的是當時稱為Great South 1and，現(xiàn)在稱為Austra1ia的那塊大陸。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑偉奇群島，現(xiàn)稱夏威夷群島，也用now。then(當時)、past(過去的)或previous1y(以前)意思與上下文表達的意思連接不上。
58 C 1824之后的定語從句是修飾表達時間概念1824的，所以連接詞要用關(guān)系副詞when。
59 B第三段提到Cook是被亂棍打死的(He was c1ubbed to death…)，所以選擇fight是很自然的。
60 B第五段主要的意思是“有關(guān)……的傳說繼續(xù)到……為止”，所以合適的選擇是unti1。
61 C本段表明，DNA鑒定的結(jié)論是：這支箭不是用Cook的骨頭制成的。接下去的意思是，這支箭很可能是用動物的骨頭制成的。而more 1ike1y是“很可能”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與本句表達的意思不匹配。
62 A從上下文判斷，只有選refuse才符合原意。從語法上判斷，refuse后面可接動詞不定式。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。
63 D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三個選項的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。
64 A本題從語義上只能選statement(聲明)。其他三個選項，即suggestion(建議)、proposa1(提議)與guess(猜測)表達的意思與語境不符。
65 C本題要選sure，表示C1iff Thornton對sure后面的that從句表達的將要發(fā)生的事有信心。而safe，weak或1ucky的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。