2013年考研英語模擬試題及答案
2013年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語
答題注意事項(xiàng)
1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘，滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測(cè)試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)
1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.
[A] amplify
[B] enlarge
[C] magnify
[D] reinforce
3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[D] environments
4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.
[A] cancelled
[B] abolished
[C] refused
[D] rejected
5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
[A] assert
[B] impart
[C] ascertain
[D] notify
6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.
[A] proves
[B] certifies
[C] secures
[D] approves
7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
[A] restrictively
[B] radically
[C] inclusively
[D] exclusively
8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
[A] happen
[B] take place
[C] occur
[D] run
9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.
[A] expelled
[B] propelled
[C] repelled
[D] dispelled
10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.
[A] credible
[B] credulous
[C] incredulous
[D] incredible
11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.
[A] future
[B] possibility
[C] ability
[D] opportunity
12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
[A] density
[B] intensity
[C] popularity
[D] prosperity
13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
[A] transferred
[B] transported
[C] transformed
[D] transmitted
14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.
[A] disposition
[B] deficit
[C] defect
[D] discrepancy
15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.
[A] initiate
[B] initial
[C] initiative
[D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
[A] cover
[B] change
[C] differ
[D] range
17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing.
[A] ability
[B] capability
[C] capacity
[D] faculty
18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated.
[A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention
[D] intention
19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.
[A] maintained
[B] described
[C] settled
[D] afforded
20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.
[A] affect
[B] reduce
[C] check
[D] reflect
Section II Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.
Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.
Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.
21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical
22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily
23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with
24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark
25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental
26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing
27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to
28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about
29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance
30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality
31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter
32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake
33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events
34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill
35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply
36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where
37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole
38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate
39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess
40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving Section III Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status(A)
[D] certain behavioral changes
43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.
[A] eleven years old
[B] sixteen years old
[C] twenty-one years old(C)
[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old
44. Starting from 22, ________.
[A] one will obtain more basic rights
[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C)
[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society
45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.
[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)
[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
46. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.
[A] not as good as it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it seems(A)
[D] near to complete recovery
47. The official statistics on productivity growth ________.
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation
[C] meet the expectation of business people(B)
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy
48. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because ________.
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading(B)
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
49. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.(A)
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
50. According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards the productivity revolution in the U.S.A is ____.
[A] biased
[B] optimistic
[C] ambiguous
[D] negative
Text 3
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive— advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ________.
[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
[C] advertising costs money like everything else
[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
[A] Securing greater fame.
[C] Enhancing living standards.
[B] Providing more jobs.
[D] Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________.
[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
[B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention
[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author’s opinion, ________.
[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
55. The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
[A] Positive and Negative Aspects of Advertising
[B] Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function
[C] Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium
[D] Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Products Text 4
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
56. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)
[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
57. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.
[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)
[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
58. The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients
[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients
[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients
[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients
59. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.
[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)
[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days
60. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval(C)
[D] indifference
Section IV Translation
Read the following sentences, translate English into Chinese, and translate Chinese into English. (20points)
61. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.
62. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
63. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.
64. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
65. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.
66. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
67. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
68. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
69. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
70. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. 答題注意事項(xiàng) 1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘，滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測(cè)試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary答案及部分解析：
1-5 DACBC 6-10 BDCAD
11-15 CADBA 16-20 DCBBA
16. [D] 本句意思為“估計(jì)數(shù)字的范圍大約從60萬到300萬之間”，而range from… to …這一句型正是表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)變化”的意思，故本題選[D]。[A] cover雖然有“包含”之意，但cover表示“覆蓋”的面積、大小，不表示范圍，故排除。[C] differ主要強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，而本句并未強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍，故選擇range。
17. [C] capacity意為“容量”，本題中的storage capacity指存儲(chǔ)量。[A] ability意為“能力，才干”，指人的才智而言，強(qiáng)調(diào)不但聰明，而且有受過實(shí)際鍛煉的才干，含義比capability強(qiáng)。[B] capability意為“能力，才能，手腕”。[D] faculty意為“才能，天賦，技能”，指特殊的才能。
18. [B] 本題[C][D]詞義不符合上下文邏輯，首先排除，而care和concern雖都有“關(guān)注”的意思，但concern涉及責(zé)任(something you have a duty to be involved in)，與本文講的特定空間設(shè)計(jì)與室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者的任務(wù)相符，而care 無此意，且與其前的important basic不搭配，所以選[B]。
19. [B] 本題測(cè)試語義搭配。句中提到在某次會(huì)議上“講述”的試驗(yàn)，故選described為貼切。[A] maintain“主張;維持”，[C] settle“解決”和[D] afford“擔(dān)負(fù)得起;供給”，均不合上下文的邏輯搭配。
20. [A] 前文的Changes in the social structure對(duì)于juvenile crime rates自然有“影響”。[A] affect“影響，作用”，符合題意。[B] reduce“減少”。[C] check“檢查，校對(duì)”，也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D] reflect“反射，反映”。
Section II Use of English 答案及解析
21. A
An angry, frustrated, emotionally unstable person in good physical condition is not necessarily healthy.一個(gè)易怒的，情緒沮喪的，感情不穩(wěn)定但是體格很好的人，未必是健康的。
[A] unstable adj. (情緒)不穩(wěn)定的;
[B] unsure adj. 沒有自信的，不肯定的，不確定的;
[C] imprecise adj. 不嚴(yán)密的，不精確的;
[D] impractical adj. 不切實(shí)際的;
22. D
要表達(dá)“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用not necessarily或not definitely。
23. D
Mental health, therefore, has much to do with how a person copes with the world as it exists.因此，精神健康，和一個(gè)人在生活中如何處理身邊的事情，有很大的關(guān)系。
have…(nothing, little, much, a lot) to do with…：和……(沒)有(很大的)關(guān)系。
24. B
Many of the factors that influence physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. 很多影響體格健康的因素，同時(shí)也影響精神和感情的健康。
[B] influence影響。例：My teacher influenced my decision to study science. 我的老師對(duì)我學(xué)理科的決定起了影響作用。influence也可做名詞，用法如下：(常與on連用)影響力;感化力。例：My teacher’s influence made me study science at college. 由于我老師的影響，我上大學(xué)學(xué)了理科。Some women have bad influence upon their husbands. 有些婦女對(duì)其丈夫有壞影響。上下文中also一詞提示填空處需要affect的近義詞。
[A] signify①表示;象征;意味。②用動(dòng)作表示……意思。例：He signified his content with a nod. 他以點(diǎn)頭表示同意。③有關(guān)系;有重要性。
[C] predict v. 預(yù)知，預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)。
[D] mark vt. 做標(biāo)記于，打分?jǐn)?shù)，標(biāo)志。由also或affect一詞可以輕易解此題。
25. D
上下文中多次出現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞。
[D] mental adj. 精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相對(duì)。一般“精神病”被稱作mental illness。上下文中physical一詞是答案信號(hào)。[A] intellectual adj. 智力的，有智力的，顯示智力的。作名詞時(shí)意為“知識(shí)分子”。[B] sensual adj. 肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，強(qiáng)調(diào)“通過感官感覺到的”。[C] spiritual adj. 非物質(zhì)的，精神的;靈魂的;宗教的;神圣的。和material相對(duì)。
26. D
capable of doing為固定搭配。意思相當(dāng)于be able to do。
27. D
People with good self-images like themselves, and they are better able to like others. 那些對(duì)自己的形象有積極認(rèn)識(shí)的人通常很欣賞自己，也更容易欣賞其他人。to be able to的比較級(jí)，用to be better able to，其他選項(xiàng)的詞序都不對(duì)。
28. A
Having a good self-image is based on a realistic assessment of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. 對(duì)自己的形象有積極的認(rèn)識(shí)，是建立在對(duì)自己的價(jià)值和能力的符合實(shí)際的評(píng)價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上的。
be based on：建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上，它基于句式base A on B(將A以B為基礎(chǔ))。
29. A
[A] assessment是動(dòng)詞assess(估計(jì)，估算;評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià))的名詞形式。
30. D
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful reality of our society. 壓力是我們社會(huì)中無可避免的，而且有潛在的促進(jìn)社會(huì)健康作用的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在。表示“存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況”用[D] reality (n. 真實(shí)，事實(shí)，本體;逼真)。[A] ideality n. 理想，是ideal的名詞形式。[B] realization n. 實(shí)現(xiàn);認(rèn)識(shí);領(lǐng)會(huì)，是realize的名詞形式。[C] realism n.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。
31. D
由第三段的后一句話：If stressful situations are continually encountered, …可以找到此題答案。People of all ages encounter stress. 各個(gè)年齡段的人都會(huì)遇到壓力。[D] encounter遭遇，遇到，強(qiáng)調(diào)“偶然遇見”;[A] occur vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);[B] engage vt. 使忙碌，雇傭，預(yù)定，使從事于;例：be engaged in…忙于(從事)……。[C] confront①面對(duì);面臨;遭遇。例：to confront danger(勇敢地)面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)②(與with連用)使面對(duì);使面臨。例：be confronted with crisis面臨危機(jī)。
32. C
由36空所在的句子中：One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at a11. 可以找到此題答案。Children begin to experience stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. 兒童在出生之前，以及降臨到世界的過程中都有壓力的體驗(yàn)。[C] experience vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷，閱歷;[A] tolerate vt. (主觀上努力去)忍受，容忍;[B] sustain vt. 支撐，撐住，維持，持續(xù);[D] undertake vt. 承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任(也包含“主觀努力”的意思)。 33. D
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年輕人的生活中，能夠帶來壓力的事件，包括寵物的死亡、學(xué)業(yè)的壓力、父母的離異，或者加入新的年輕人群體。[D] event來自拉丁語evenire發(fā)生，e-出.外+venire來，發(fā)生出來的事就是“(比較重大的)事件”。而句子表語部分恰恰羅列了種種較為重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據(jù)，[物]證據(jù)，證物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定傷亡或者損失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷。
34. B
“學(xué)業(yè)上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“獲得”解時(shí)，作及物動(dòng)詞，后及賓語。[D]fulfill vt. 實(shí)踐，實(shí)行，完成，達(dá)到，側(cè)重“履行”之意。
35. A
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人們對(duì)壓力做出的不同的反應(yīng)方式，可能會(huì)帶來有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常與to連用)反應(yīng)，回報(bào)，對(duì)……有反應(yīng)，對(duì)……起作用;[B] return vt. 歸還，回報(bào)，(經(jīng)濟(jì))收益;[C] retort v. 反駁，反擊;[D]reply vi. 答復(fù)，回?fù)?，?bào)復(fù)，答辯，回答。
36. C
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的壓力下。有的人可能會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)非常自如，但是另一個(gè)人就完全無法正常發(fā)揮。[C] while此處是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，表示“雖然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你愛打網(wǎng)球，但我愛看書。類似用法的連詞還有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜歡肥肉，相反有些人討厭肥肉。
37. A
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 讓人滿意的社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)于良好的精神和情緒健全至關(guān)重要。
[A] sound作形容詞意為“完好的，健全的，合理的，明智的”。例：the sound development of a baby(一個(gè)嬰兒的健康發(fā)育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判斷。[B] all-round adj. 全面的，多才多藝的。
38. D
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般認(rèn)為，要想建立，發(fā)展，并且維持有效而給人滿足感的社會(huì)關(guān)系，人們必須擁有了解和信任他人，影響他人，及幫助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明，照亮，闡明，說明;[B] enunciate v. 闡明，清晰發(fā)言;[C] enumerate v. 列舉。
39. D
上下文中also一詞提示天空處需要be capable of的近義詞，所以possess the ability符合題意。
40. [A]
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他們必須有能力以建設(shè)性的方法來解決沖突。
resolve和solve都有“解決”之意。例：solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用來表達(dá)“評(píng)定或平息沖突或爭端等”之意，相當(dāng)于settle。例：resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解決紛爭)。此外，resolve還有“決心，決定”之意，相當(dāng)于decide或determine。例：Parliament has resolved that… (國會(huì)決議……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下決心做……)。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Text 1
41. [C] 意為：人們所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定
根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分，它指出，(相對(duì)原始社會(huì))，工業(yè)社會(huì)中青春期變長有兩方面的原因：教育期的延長和反童工法的制定。所以，正確選項(xiàng)為[C]。
[A]的干擾來自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的長短取決于不同社會(huì)對(duì)成熟和成年的定義”。接著第二句就比較了原始社會(huì)和工業(yè)化社會(huì)。從這兩句其實(shí)我們可以推出這兩種社會(huì)對(duì)成熟的定義必定不同。但第二句已經(jīng)明確指出了具體原因，因此[C]為佳答案。[B] 工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá)，文中未提。[D]是工業(yè)社會(huì)中關(guān)于青春期變化的現(xiàn)象，而非青春期變長的原因。
42. [A]意為：從各類學(xué)校畢業(yè)
第二段第二句指出：青春期的社會(huì)儀式(social ones)已經(jīng)被一系列階段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句說明了“一系列階段”的具體所指—─各階段學(xué)習(xí)的畢業(yè)。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
[B]、[C]、[D]的錯(cuò)誤在于：social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期儀式的替代品，而只是和其替代品緊密相連的因素。第三句提到，行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可度是伴隨“階段”而存在的，而一個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會(huì)影響各階段對(duì)他的重要性。
43.[C] 意為：21歲第二段后面部分從It is during the nine years到倒數(shù)第二句列舉了青春期各階段的權(quán)利。其中，第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出，21歲是開始享有完全成****利的年齡。所以[C]為正確選項(xiàng)。
11歲不屬于該部分介紹的范圍;16歲時(shí)只能享有部分成****利;12到21歲期間是一個(gè)從兒童向成人轉(zhuǎn)變的過程，個(gè)人享有權(quán)利逐漸增加，但若享有完全成****利，需要達(dá)到21歲。因此其他項(xiàng)排除。
44. [C]意為：個(gè)人的基本權(quán)利將不會(huì)比21歲時(shí)有所增加。
文中倒數(shù)第二句說明，一旦達(dá)到成人階段(21歲)，將不再繼續(xù)獲得其他額外的基本權(quán)利。所以，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為[C]。其他項(xiàng)[A] 個(gè)人會(huì)得到更多的基本權(quán)利;[B] 一個(gè)人越老，擁有的基本權(quán)利越多;[D] 人們將享有社會(huì)賦予的更多的權(quán)利;與原文內(nèi)容相反。
45. 答案[A]意為：獲得駕照的人就可以算是成人了
第一段末句指出，到了19世紀(jì)晚期，美國的青春期和成年期的分界線消失。Frontier意為dividing line。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
第二段倒數(shù)第五句指出，18歲后，可以不經(jīng)父母的同意結(jié)婚。所以[B]錯(cuò)在“21歲”。第二段四、六、七句說明：16歲青少年可以獲得駕照，但只有到了21歲，他們才稱為法律意義上的成年人。所以[C]錯(cuò)誤。第二段倒數(shù)第六、七句說明：16歲就可以不受童工法限制，而18歲后他們才可以參軍。所以[D]錯(cuò)誤。
Text 2
46. [A] 意為：并不像表面看上去那樣好。
第一段第三、四句指出，美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)(for real)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。該句實(shí)際上是全文的主旨，從反面提出了下文旨在回答的問題，所謂生產(chǎn)率革命根本不存在，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀;該段第四句指出，問題是;近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈(rebound)造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。由題目能夠定位到第一段的這一句：What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是：商人們自認(rèn)為的他們所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事，這一點(diǎn)更加難以確定。因此可以看出作者覺得美國經(jīng)濟(jì)形式并不像商人們說的那樣好，因此聯(lián)系到了A選項(xiàng)。
后一段引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施進(jìn)行了否定，特別是羅森伯格的評(píng)價(jià)，在他看來，目前負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)的顧問們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效)，是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”(ambulance-chasing)。
B意為：處于轉(zhuǎn)折階段。文章中只是說經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不樂觀，但是還沒有達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折的地步，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于夸張類干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：比現(xiàn)狀要好得多。這個(gè)和原文意思恰恰相反，同作者的中心思想相違背。換句話說，這個(gè)是作者要批駁的觀點(diǎn)。
D意為;幾乎要實(shí)現(xiàn)全面復(fù)蘇了。此選項(xiàng)同C選項(xiàng)，都是與作者思想相違背的，更何況，復(fù)蘇這個(gè)詞根本無從談起。
47. [B] 意為：與商人的預(yù)想不符。或：不像商人預(yù)想的那樣好。
第二段指出，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀，如果將制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)算在一起(lump... together)，1989年以來生產(chǎn)率平均增長了1.2%，比前十年的平均指數(shù)略有增長;1991年后，生產(chǎn)率每年增長約2%，是1978年至1987年這十年平均指數(shù)的一倍多。然而問題是：近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。正如財(cái)政部長魯賓所說的那樣，一方面，大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)，另一方面，(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字又是另一番景象，二者之間存在著一個(gè)“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的這幾句：There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是：正如財(cái)政部長羅伯特脠賓所說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”。商業(yè)傳奇即是說大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況和商人們所塑造的神話有脫節(jié)，即聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)。
A意為：排除了商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈。此選項(xiàng)定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，意思是：近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的。但是官方統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)并未排除此反彈，在原文中沒有根據(jù)。原文只是說這個(gè)反彈是個(gè)trouble，但是并未說找個(gè)trouble被排除了。
C意為：與商人預(yù)想的一致。這個(gè)與B選項(xiàng)正好矛盾，參考B選項(xiàng)的解釋。
D意為：沒有準(zhǔn)確地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的狀況。該選項(xiàng)的說法太籠統(tǒng)了，雖然由原文得出了“脫節(jié)”的結(jié)論，但是請(qǐng)注意，是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”，而不是該官方統(tǒng)計(jì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)情況存在脫節(jié)。至少，原文并未說該統(tǒng)計(jì)不準(zhǔn)確，而只是說該統(tǒng)計(jì)與商人們預(yù)料的不符。
48. [B] 意為：他認(rèn)為所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并未奏效。
第一段指出，人們常說：不勞則無所獲，但是，要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚。
另外，從第三段來看，所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命包括了改組企業(yè)(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施，正如第四段所指出的，近年所進(jìn)行的一些重組措施也許并未奏效，而且，即使有所成效，效果也沒有人們想像的那樣廣泛。在后一段，作者引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，這幾位專家對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施更是持否定態(tài)度。作者的引用當(dāng)然帶有很大的傾向性，用以支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。第一段指出，人們常說：不勞則無所獲，但是，要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚，就是說所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并沒起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出，現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)與商人們所想的存在脫節(jié)，因此他們所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)
A意為：他對(duì)“不勞則無所獲”的真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思，而與作者的真正用意無關(guān)。這是一個(gè)用字面意思來迷惑考生的干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：他認(rèn)為官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)寧可能有錯(cuò)。正好相反，他們認(rèn)為所謂的商業(yè)振興僅僅是假象。聯(lián)系上一道題，作者并未說官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不符合實(shí)際。如果上道題明白的話，就會(huì)第一個(gè)排除此選項(xiàng)的。
D意為：他獲得了商業(yè)振興的確鑿證據(jù)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有兩個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。首先作者壓根沒說商業(yè)振興，反而在說經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不如想象中的好。第二個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是所謂的確鑿證據(jù)無從說起。文章中所有的例證都是在說明“脫節(jié)”這個(gè)問題，而不是在說什么商業(yè)振興。
49. [A] 意為：激進(jìn)的改革對(duì)生產(chǎn)率的提高極其重要。
首先要看清楚題目，是說文章未提到的，大家一定不要犯這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤，選了文章提到過的選項(xiàng)。，作者只指出促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率革命的措施并未奏效，未達(dá)到人們想象的效果，而并末提到應(yīng)該如何才對(duì)。這屬于過度引申的干擾項(xiàng)。
B意為：用新方法改變工作場(chǎng)所可以提高生產(chǎn)率。第三段第二句指出，重新改變工作場(chǎng)所僅是加快一個(gè)國家的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合生產(chǎn)率水平(overall productivity of an economy)的一種措施，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的因素還有許多，如：設(shè)備和機(jī)器投資、新技術(shù)、教育和培訓(xùn)投資等都會(huì)帶來生產(chǎn)率的提高。
C意為：降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤。根據(jù)第五段第三句，在比爾看來，許多公司機(jī)械地(in a mechanistic fashion)應(yīng)用改革措施，降低了成本，但對(duì)長期盈利卻考慮不夠?？梢姡档统杀竞烷L期盈利并非總是成正比。
D意為：顧問們是一伙飯桶。不要以為這種罵人句肯定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在原文中，那你就犯了主觀主義錯(cuò)誤了。文章后一段指出，在羅森伯格看來，目前負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整的顧問們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效)，是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”。
50. [D]否定的。 本題問：根據(jù)文章，作者對(duì)美國提高生產(chǎn)率的革命態(tài)度如何?作者在文章的一開頭就提出，本文要討論“得不償失、勞而無功”的問題，所以作者對(duì)這場(chǎng)提高生產(chǎn)率革命的態(tài)度顯然是否定的。故選D。 A有偏心的，有偏見的。 B樂觀的。 C模棱兩可的。均不符合題意，不能入選。 TEXT 3
51. [D] 這句話可直譯為：將錢花在廣告上是我所知道的好的花錢方式之一。意為：將錢花在廣告上好或很值(worthwhile)。
該句的非比較級(jí)形式為：Money spent on advertising is money spent well.在該句中，any指任何一種好的花錢方式(any money spent well);know of意為：知道，所了解到的。其實(shí)，該句所陳述的內(nèi)容不僅是第一段的主題思想，也是全文旨在說明的問題。在第一段的其他部分，作者就列舉了合理的廣告帶來的諸多方面的益處。
A意為：他對(duì)廣告的價(jià)格了如指掌。這顯然不對(duì)。
B意為：眾人皆知做廣告很費(fèi)錢(money consuming)，即：做廣告很貴。
C意為：像做其他事一樣，做廣告要花錢。
52. [A] secure在此意為：取得，獲得。A意為：獲得更大知名度。這是原文所未提到的。
原文第一段歷數(shù)了廣告所帶來的諸多益處。它直接有助于產(chǎn)品以合理價(jià)格迅速銷出(distribution)，在穩(wěn)定國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)(home market)的同時(shí)，使產(chǎn)品能以有競爭力(competitive)的價(jià)格出口進(jìn)入國際市場(chǎng);它給人以新的消費(fèi)觀，從而大大地提高人們的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn);它增加了市場(chǎng)需求(demand)，擴(kuò)大了勞動(dòng)力(labour)市場(chǎng)，有效地?cái)U(kuò)大了就業(yè)。它使許多公共事業(yè)的服務(wù)價(jià)格低廉，因?yàn)?，這些服務(wù)都可以利用登廣告所嫌的錢補(bǔ)貼其經(jīng)營費(fèi)用，這使得它們可以降低價(jià)格。
B與原文內(nèi)容相符。
C意為：提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。與原文內(nèi)容相符。
D與原文內(nèi)容相符。
53. [D] 在這一題的提問部分，deem意為：認(rèn)為。選擇項(xiàng)D中partial意為：片面的，不公平的。
文章第四段和第五段討論了一個(gè)反對(duì)廣告的電視工作者(television personality)的看法。他反對(duì)廣告的理由是：廣告是勸誘性的(persuade)，而不是客觀地提供信息(inform)，但是，作者認(rèn)為：作這種區(qū)別有些過于細(xì)微了(excessively fine)，廣告當(dāng)然要?jiǎng)裾T人們。即使在很小的方面，也很難做到只局限于(confine... to)客觀地提供信息，而且，那樣的話，廣告就失去了吸引力，沒人會(huì)注意它。由此可見，在作者看來，廣告的這兩方面很難嚴(yán)格地區(qū)別開來，二者是有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起的，不能顧此失彼。
A意為：準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了他對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)。這里，pass意為：表述，表達(dá)，提出。
B意為：只關(guān)心消費(fèi)者的注意力。這里，nothing but意為：只有，除……之外都不。
C意為：區(qū)分勸誘與信息提供是有道理的。這里，tell the difference意為：區(qū)分，區(qū)別。
54. [C] 意為：廣告勸誘消費(fèi)者無可指責(zé)。
作者認(rèn)為，毫無疑問，廣告會(huì)勸誘消費(fèi)者。它不僅是這樣，而且應(yīng)該是這樣，否則，廣告便失去了吸引力而沒人看了。參閱第53題題解。
A是不對(duì)的。正如第三段所指出的，廣告給社會(huì)(community)帶來的物質(zhì)利益(material benefit)比其他形式都大。
B意為：廣告應(yīng)給人以新的(消費(fèi))觀念，而不在于說服人。這里，win over意為：說服，爭取;rather than意為：而不是。可見，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與原文中作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)相反。
D意為：消費(fèi)者不關(guān)心廣告所提供的信息。這與作者的觀點(diǎn)也不同，作者僅是說：廣告不能僅局限于提供客觀信息，否則，就無法吸引消費(fèi)者。參閱第53題題解。
55. [B]意為：廣告帶來的好處和它的促銷作用。
本題問：本文好的標(biāo)題是什么?本文第一段談到做廣告的社會(huì)效益。第2、3段講廣告使物有所值，因而貢獻(xiàn)巨大。后兩段論述廣告的促銷作用。故應(yīng)選B. D具有片面性，不能入選。
Text 4
56. [D] 意為：理解該法獲批準(zhǔn)的意義尚需要時(shí)間。
第二段第一句是該段的主題句，該句意為：其(即這一立法的)整體含義(import)可能需要一段時(shí)間才為人徹底理解(sink in)。其實(shí)，該段的第二句是對(duì)第一句更具體的闡釋，該句可譯為：北部地方州(此處NT是Northern Territory的縮略形式，指澳大利亞中北部地區(qū))晚期病****利法的批準(zhǔn)使醫(yī)生和普通人都在思索其道義與實(shí)踐方面的含義。本段下文提到了支持和反對(duì)該法的兩種觀點(diǎn)。
A意為：在(除澳大利亞以外的)其他國家，對(duì)安樂死的反對(duì)意見緩慢而至。這一點(diǎn)該段沒有提到。實(shí)際上，聽到該法批準(zhǔn)后，遠(yuǎn)在美國和加拿大的人也很快作出了反應(yīng)。
B意為：在安樂死這一問題上，醫(yī)生和普通人觀點(diǎn)相同。正像該段第三句所指出的，對(duì)于該法的批準(zhǔn)，意見分歧很大。有些人松了口氣，而有些人——包括教堂、保衛(wèi)生命權(quán)益組織與澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)——對(duì)該法進(jìn)行激烈的抨擊，認(rèn)為它的批準(zhǔn)過于倉促。
C意為：技術(shù)(條件)的變化應(yīng)對(duì)該法的倉促批準(zhǔn)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。該段第五句意為：在澳大利亞，其他州也將考慮通過制定同樣的一項(xiàng)法律來解決安樂死問題，而促成這一形勢(shì)的是澳大利亞老化的人口、生命延續(xù)技術(shù)、正在變化的社會(huì)態(tài)度等因素。可見，這與C所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不一樣。
57. [B] 意為：美國、加拿大及其他國家也可能批準(zhǔn)類似法律。
第二段后一句指出，在美國和加拿大“死之權(quán)利”運(yùn)動(dòng)正在集結(jié)力量，觀望者正在等待多米諾骨牌開始傾倒。多米諾骨牌是一種西洋骨牌游戲;游戲中將許多長方形的骨牌豎立排列成行，碰倒第一張時(shí)，其余骨牌將依次紛紛倒下。用于比喻時(shí)，這種游戲指一系列的連鎖反應(yīng)，即：牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。這里喻指：澳大利亞的形勢(shì)會(huì)波及北美等國家，引起類似的做法。
A意為：觀察者對(duì)安樂死的未來持觀望態(tài)度。根據(jù)對(duì)B的分析，觀察者等待的是是否美、加等國會(huì)在對(duì)安樂死的態(tài)度方面步澳之后塵，通過類似立法，而并非是指他們對(duì)安樂死態(tài)度暖昧、莫衷一是。
C意為：觀察者正等待看多米諾游戲的結(jié)果。這種解釋未免太拘泥于字面的意思。
D意為：所批準(zhǔn)的法案的影響也許會(huì)終停止。與原文不符。
58. [C]意為：醫(yī)師為幫助生命垂危病人擺脫痛苦而采取的致死措施。
本題是一道詞義題，但是解題更多的需要涉及到文章中心詞，本文第一段從澳大利亞通過的一個(gè)關(guān)于安樂死法案的新聞入手，下文全部在討論各界對(duì)該法案的反應(yīng)，同時(shí)在文章后作者以實(shí)例表明了自己對(duì)安樂死的觀點(diǎn)，由此我們可以確定文章的中心是關(guān)于安樂死的。而考研(論壇) 文章的任何一道閱讀題目的命制都是和文章中心緊密相連的。據(jù)此我們可以推斷出答案為C。
A意為：醫(yī)師對(duì)垂危病人的同情。
B醫(yī)師對(duì)垂死病人采取的過激醫(yī)療手段。
D醫(yī)師為挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治療。
另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.處于平衡位置，由此我們可以判斷“euthanasia”和下句的the right to die大意相同,答案可以鎖定C，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有該選項(xiàng)與死亡相關(guān)。
59. [A] 意為：死時(shí)表現(xiàn)出安樂死的平靜特征。
這實(shí)際上是說他將采用安樂死的方式離開人世。第三段提到，住在達(dá)爾文市(位于北部地方州)的尼克森患肺癌，對(duì)他來說，允許安樂死的法案的批準(zhǔn)意味著他可以心情平靜地生活，而無需懼怕將要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的呼吸困難所帶來的痛苦折磨。他說：從思想認(rèn)識(shí)上講，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因?yàn)槲以H眼目睹過醫(yī)院的病人死時(shí)由缺氧而掙扎并抓撓氧氣罩的情景。從以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患絕癥并依法為自己選擇安樂死的方式告別人世。
B意為：經(jīng)歷肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不對(duì)，相反，尼克森將會(huì)平靜死去。
C意為：對(duì)痛苦的折磨極度恐懼。
D意為：將經(jīng)歷7天的平靜階段。第三段指出，根據(jù)北部地區(qū)新通過的法律，要求安樂死的病人必須具備以下條件：1)該病人必須由兩名醫(yī)生診斷為晚期病人;2)平靜考慮7天后，病人簽署一個(gè)申請(qǐng)證書;3)48小時(shí)后再給病人實(shí)行安樂死。可見，這里所說的“平靜”7天是讓病人(及其家庭)平靜、認(rèn)真地考慮一下是否選擇采用安樂死這一形式。
60. [C] 意為;贊同。
這是一篇新聞體文章，在新聞體文章中，寫作者往往通過引用相關(guān)者的觀點(diǎn)來結(jié)束討論，并將自己的態(tài)度通過引用間接地表述出來。本文以尼克森的話結(jié)束了對(duì)安樂死的討論，而尼克森是安樂死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字陳述了對(duì)安樂死法案的褒揚(yáng)態(tài)度，而反對(duì)態(tài)度卻一帶而過。從這兩方面來看，作者對(duì)安樂死持贊同態(tài)度。
A意為：反對(duì)。
B意為：懷疑。
D意為：不關(guān)心。
Section IV Translation
答案與解析：
61.【譯文】針對(duì)大壩的影響和治水的耗資與收益進(jìn)行合理科學(xué)的研究能有助于解決這些沖突。
【解析】此句的翻譯關(guān)鍵在分析of的修飾成分。其核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts。但是理解的重點(diǎn)卻在study后面那有兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的of，說明了study的內(nèi)容：study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water。第三個(gè)of修飾的是the cost and benefits兩個(gè)名詞，of后面是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語。
重點(diǎn)詞：study研究;impact 影響，沖擊;benefits 收益，福利;resolve解決
62. 【譯文】戰(zhàn)后生育高峰年代的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所付出的巨大個(gè)人代價(jià)是否值得。
【解析】本句注意詞類轉(zhuǎn)換以及定語從句的翻譯。如：名詞entry轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞更符合漢語習(xí)慣;本句定語從句較長，宜采用重復(fù)先行詞teenagers譯成獨(dú)立的分句的方法。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語是The coming of age ... male-dominated job market，謂語是have limited，賓語是the opportunities of teenagers，而who are already ... schools and jobs是teenagers的定語從句，該從句中involved in ... schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的補(bǔ)語。
重點(diǎn)詞：age 時(shí)代，年代;baby boom 生育高峰，嬰兒潮;question 質(zhì)問，質(zhì)疑;involved in與某事有關(guān)，由某事引起
63. 【譯文】無法斷定兩個(gè)大陸是在朝相反的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)大陸停止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)從它身邊漂移開去。
【解析】此句翻譯時(shí)注意it是形式主語， to引導(dǎo)的不定式短語是真正主語，注意兩個(gè)whether從句的選擇關(guān)系，以及后一個(gè)從句中兩個(gè)小句所描述的相對(duì)關(guān)系。determine后面跟的是whether... or whether...引導(dǎo)的選擇關(guān)系的從句。注意后面whether從句中有兩個(gè)分句，用and連接，其中the other指的是the other continent。
重點(diǎn)詞： determine確定，斷定;continent大陸;stationary靜止的，固定的
64. 【譯文】強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長勢(shì)頭，加上北半球冬季的到來，可能在短期內(nèi)使石油價(jià)格漲得更高。
【解析】本句重點(diǎn)是要首先抓住主句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：是一個(gè)含有插入成分的單句。主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Strengthening economic growth，謂語是could push，插入成分是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語。
重點(diǎn)詞：strengthen加強(qiáng)
65. 【譯文】但網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的公司借助強(qiáng)行推送策略去掙錢并非不可避免。/但網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠推動(dòng)策略方能掙錢。
【解析】本句注意真正主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，翻譯時(shí)可還原后再譯(如前一種)，或靈活處理(如后一種)。
重點(diǎn)詞：resort to憑借，采取;push strategy推動(dòng)策略
66. 【譯文】奇怪的是他們也許已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中獲益頗多了——如果不是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的或祖父母的。
【解析】此句主語為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語為have benefited from，賓語ambition，破折號(hào)后if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。此處破折號(hào)后的狀語從句為補(bǔ)充說明，位置不變?yōu)橐恕?BR> 重點(diǎn)詞：ambition雄心壯志
67. 【譯文】 這一成功，以及后來顯示記憶本身并非由基因所決定的研究，讓埃里克森得出結(jié)論：記憶行為更多地屬于認(rèn)知練習(xí)而不是直覺練習(xí)。
【解析】本句是個(gè)簡單句，主語是This success，謂語是led，后面接兩個(gè)賓語，一是Ericsson，一是不定式to conclude。不定式本身接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)coupled with later research做success的定語，但翻譯成漢語時(shí)需靈活處理成主語，現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)showing that memory itself is not genetically determined又做later research的定語。注意more...than...中，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是more之后的部分。
重點(diǎn)詞： couple with再加上;genetically determined由基因決定的;cognitive認(rèn)知的;intuitive直覺的
68. 【譯文】人與人之間的差異以及自然選擇利用該差異的機(jī)會(huì)減少了。
【解析】注意differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it是兩個(gè)并列的主語，千萬不要理解成people與the opportunity是between的并列賓語。另外注意句中的it指代的是differences between people。
重點(diǎn)詞組：natural selection自然選擇;take advantage of利用
69. 【譯文】這次近3倍的石油漲價(jià)喚起了1973年油價(jià)暴漲的可怕記憶，那時(shí)油價(jià)漲了四倍，也喚起了1979至1980的可怕記憶，那時(shí)油價(jià)也漲了近三倍。
【解析】本句翻譯時(shí)注意兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的均為定語從句，而非狀語從句，所以要翻譯成“當(dāng)時(shí)，那時(shí)”，切勿譯成“當(dāng)...的時(shí)候”
重點(diǎn)詞：oil shock石油危機(jī);quadruple(乘)四倍
70. 【譯文】在僅僅一代人的時(shí)間里，數(shù)百萬母親投入工作的行列，改變了基本的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。
【解析】解析：本句主要注意現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)transforming basic family economics做結(jié)果狀語，翻譯時(shí)要體現(xiàn)出來。
重點(diǎn)詞：generation一個(gè)世代，一代人;economics經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
注：翻譯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
如果句子譯文明顯扭曲原文意思，該句得分多不超過0.5分。如果考生就一個(gè)題目提供了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的譯法，若均正確，給分;如果其中一個(gè)譯法有錯(cuò)，按錯(cuò)誤譯法評(píng)分。中文錯(cuò)別字不個(gè)別扣分，按每題累計(jì)扣分。每三個(gè)錯(cuò)別字扣0.5分，無0.25扣分。
2013年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語
答題注意事項(xiàng)
1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘，滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測(cè)試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)
1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.
[A] amplify
[B] enlarge
[C] magnify
[D] reinforce
3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[D] environments
4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.
[A] cancelled
[B] abolished
[C] refused
[D] rejected
5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
[A] assert
[B] impart
[C] ascertain
[D] notify
6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.
[A] proves
[B] certifies
[C] secures
[D] approves
7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
[A] restrictively
[B] radically
[C] inclusively
[D] exclusively
8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
[A] happen
[B] take place
[C] occur
[D] run
9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.
[A] expelled
[B] propelled
[C] repelled
[D] dispelled
10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.
[A] credible
[B] credulous
[C] incredulous
[D] incredible
11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.
[A] future
[B] possibility
[C] ability
[D] opportunity
12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
[A] density
[B] intensity
[C] popularity
[D] prosperity
13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
[A] transferred
[B] transported
[C] transformed
[D] transmitted
14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.
[A] disposition
[B] deficit
[C] defect
[D] discrepancy
15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.
[A] initiate
[B] initial
[C] initiative
[D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
[A] cover
[B] change
[C] differ
[D] range
17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing.
[A] ability
[B] capability
[C] capacity
[D] faculty
18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated.
[A] care
[B] concern
[C] attention
[D] intention
19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.
[A] maintained
[B] described
[C] settled
[D] afforded
20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.
[A] affect
[B] reduce
[C] check
[D] reflect
Section II Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.
Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.
Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.
21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical
22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily
23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with
24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark
25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental
26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing
27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to
28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about
29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance
30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality
31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter
32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake
33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events
34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill
35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply
36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where
37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole
38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate
39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess
40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving Section III Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status(A)
[D] certain behavioral changes
43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.
[A] eleven years old
[B] sixteen years old
[C] twenty-one years old(C)
[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old
44. Starting from 22, ________.
[A] one will obtain more basic rights
[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C)
[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society
45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.
[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)
[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
46. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.
[A] not as good as it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it seems(A)
[D] near to complete recovery
47. The official statistics on productivity growth ________.
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation
[C] meet the expectation of business people(B)
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy
48. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because ________.
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading(B)
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
49. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.(A)
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
50. According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards the productivity revolution in the U.S.A is ____.
[A] biased
[B] optimistic
[C] ambiguous
[D] negative
Text 3
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive— advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ________.
[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
[C] advertising costs money like everything else
[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
[A] Securing greater fame.
[C] Enhancing living standards.
[B] Providing more jobs.
[D] Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________.
[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
[B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention
[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author’s opinion, ________.
[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
55. The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
[A] Positive and Negative Aspects of Advertising
[B] Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function
[C] Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium
[D] Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Products Text 4
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
56. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)
[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
57. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.
[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)
[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
58. The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients
[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients
[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients
[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients
59. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.
[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)
[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days
60. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval(C)
[D] indifference
Section IV Translation
Read the following sentences, translate English into Chinese, and translate Chinese into English. (20points)
61. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.
62. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
63. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.
64. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
65. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.
66. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
67. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
68. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
69. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
70. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. 答題注意事項(xiàng) 1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘，滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測(cè)試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary答案及部分解析：
1-5 DACBC 6-10 BDCAD
11-15 CADBA 16-20 DCBBA
16. [D] 本句意思為“估計(jì)數(shù)字的范圍大約從60萬到300萬之間”，而range from… to …這一句型正是表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)變化”的意思，故本題選[D]。[A] cover雖然有“包含”之意，但cover表示“覆蓋”的面積、大小，不表示范圍，故排除。[C] differ主要強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，而本句并未強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍，故選擇range。
17. [C] capacity意為“容量”，本題中的storage capacity指存儲(chǔ)量。[A] ability意為“能力，才干”，指人的才智而言，強(qiáng)調(diào)不但聰明，而且有受過實(shí)際鍛煉的才干，含義比capability強(qiáng)。[B] capability意為“能力，才能，手腕”。[D] faculty意為“才能，天賦，技能”，指特殊的才能。
18. [B] 本題[C][D]詞義不符合上下文邏輯，首先排除，而care和concern雖都有“關(guān)注”的意思，但concern涉及責(zé)任(something you have a duty to be involved in)，與本文講的特定空間設(shè)計(jì)與室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)者的任務(wù)相符，而care 無此意，且與其前的important basic不搭配，所以選[B]。
19. [B] 本題測(cè)試語義搭配。句中提到在某次會(huì)議上“講述”的試驗(yàn)，故選described為貼切。[A] maintain“主張;維持”，[C] settle“解決”和[D] afford“擔(dān)負(fù)得起;供給”，均不合上下文的邏輯搭配。
20. [A] 前文的Changes in the social structure對(duì)于juvenile crime rates自然有“影響”。[A] affect“影響，作用”，符合題意。[B] reduce“減少”。[C] check“檢查，校對(duì)”，也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D] reflect“反射，反映”。
Section II Use of English 答案及解析
21. A
An angry, frustrated, emotionally unstable person in good physical condition is not necessarily healthy.一個(gè)易怒的，情緒沮喪的，感情不穩(wěn)定但是體格很好的人，未必是健康的。
[A] unstable adj. (情緒)不穩(wěn)定的;
[B] unsure adj. 沒有自信的，不肯定的，不確定的;
[C] imprecise adj. 不嚴(yán)密的，不精確的;
[D] impractical adj. 不切實(shí)際的;
22. D
要表達(dá)“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用not necessarily或not definitely。
23. D
Mental health, therefore, has much to do with how a person copes with the world as it exists.因此，精神健康，和一個(gè)人在生活中如何處理身邊的事情，有很大的關(guān)系。
have…(nothing, little, much, a lot) to do with…：和……(沒)有(很大的)關(guān)系。
24. B
Many of the factors that influence physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. 很多影響體格健康的因素，同時(shí)也影響精神和感情的健康。
[B] influence影響。例：My teacher influenced my decision to study science. 我的老師對(duì)我學(xué)理科的決定起了影響作用。influence也可做名詞，用法如下：(常與on連用)影響力;感化力。例：My teacher’s influence made me study science at college. 由于我老師的影響，我上大學(xué)學(xué)了理科。Some women have bad influence upon their husbands. 有些婦女對(duì)其丈夫有壞影響。上下文中also一詞提示填空處需要affect的近義詞。
[A] signify①表示;象征;意味。②用動(dòng)作表示……意思。例：He signified his content with a nod. 他以點(diǎn)頭表示同意。③有關(guān)系;有重要性。
[C] predict v. 預(yù)知，預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)。
[D] mark vt. 做標(biāo)記于，打分?jǐn)?shù)，標(biāo)志。由also或affect一詞可以輕易解此題。
25. D
上下文中多次出現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞。
[D] mental adj. 精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相對(duì)。一般“精神病”被稱作mental illness。上下文中physical一詞是答案信號(hào)。[A] intellectual adj. 智力的，有智力的，顯示智力的。作名詞時(shí)意為“知識(shí)分子”。[B] sensual adj. 肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，強(qiáng)調(diào)“通過感官感覺到的”。[C] spiritual adj. 非物質(zhì)的，精神的;靈魂的;宗教的;神圣的。和material相對(duì)。
26. D
capable of doing為固定搭配。意思相當(dāng)于be able to do。
27. D
People with good self-images like themselves, and they are better able to like others. 那些對(duì)自己的形象有積極認(rèn)識(shí)的人通常很欣賞自己，也更容易欣賞其他人。to be able to的比較級(jí)，用to be better able to，其他選項(xiàng)的詞序都不對(duì)。
28. A
Having a good self-image is based on a realistic assessment of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. 對(duì)自己的形象有積極的認(rèn)識(shí)，是建立在對(duì)自己的價(jià)值和能力的符合實(shí)際的評(píng)價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上的。
be based on：建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上，它基于句式base A on B(將A以B為基礎(chǔ))。
29. A
[A] assessment是動(dòng)詞assess(估計(jì)，估算;評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià))的名詞形式。
30. D
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful reality of our society. 壓力是我們社會(huì)中無可避免的，而且有潛在的促進(jìn)社會(huì)健康作用的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在。表示“存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況”用[D] reality (n. 真實(shí)，事實(shí)，本體;逼真)。[A] ideality n. 理想，是ideal的名詞形式。[B] realization n. 實(shí)現(xiàn);認(rèn)識(shí);領(lǐng)會(huì)，是realize的名詞形式。[C] realism n.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。
31. D
由第三段的后一句話：If stressful situations are continually encountered, …可以找到此題答案。People of all ages encounter stress. 各個(gè)年齡段的人都會(huì)遇到壓力。[D] encounter遭遇，遇到，強(qiáng)調(diào)“偶然遇見”;[A] occur vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);[B] engage vt. 使忙碌，雇傭，預(yù)定，使從事于;例：be engaged in…忙于(從事)……。[C] confront①面對(duì);面臨;遭遇。例：to confront danger(勇敢地)面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)②(與with連用)使面對(duì);使面臨。例：be confronted with crisis面臨危機(jī)。
32. C
由36空所在的句子中：One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at a11. 可以找到此題答案。Children begin to experience stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. 兒童在出生之前，以及降臨到世界的過程中都有壓力的體驗(yàn)。[C] experience vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷，閱歷;[A] tolerate vt. (主觀上努力去)忍受，容忍;[B] sustain vt. 支撐，撐住，維持，持續(xù);[D] undertake vt. 承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任(也包含“主觀努力”的意思)。 33. D
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年輕人的生活中，能夠帶來壓力的事件，包括寵物的死亡、學(xué)業(yè)的壓力、父母的離異，或者加入新的年輕人群體。[D] event來自拉丁語evenire發(fā)生，e-出.外+venire來，發(fā)生出來的事就是“(比較重大的)事件”。而句子表語部分恰恰羅列了種種較為重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據(jù)，[物]證據(jù)，證物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定傷亡或者損失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷。
34. B
“學(xué)業(yè)上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“獲得”解時(shí)，作及物動(dòng)詞，后及賓語。[D]fulfill vt. 實(shí)踐，實(shí)行，完成，達(dá)到，側(cè)重“履行”之意。
35. A
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人們對(duì)壓力做出的不同的反應(yīng)方式，可能會(huì)帶來有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常與to連用)反應(yīng)，回報(bào)，對(duì)……有反應(yīng)，對(duì)……起作用;[B] return vt. 歸還，回報(bào)，(經(jīng)濟(jì))收益;[C] retort v. 反駁，反擊;[D]reply vi. 答復(fù)，回?fù)?，?bào)復(fù)，答辯，回答。
36. C
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的壓力下。有的人可能會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)非常自如，但是另一個(gè)人就完全無法正常發(fā)揮。[C] while此處是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，表示“雖然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你愛打網(wǎng)球，但我愛看書。類似用法的連詞還有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜歡肥肉，相反有些人討厭肥肉。
37. A
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 讓人滿意的社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)于良好的精神和情緒健全至關(guān)重要。
[A] sound作形容詞意為“完好的，健全的，合理的，明智的”。例：the sound development of a baby(一個(gè)嬰兒的健康發(fā)育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判斷。[B] all-round adj. 全面的，多才多藝的。
38. D
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般認(rèn)為，要想建立，發(fā)展，并且維持有效而給人滿足感的社會(huì)關(guān)系，人們必須擁有了解和信任他人，影響他人，及幫助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明，照亮，闡明，說明;[B] enunciate v. 闡明，清晰發(fā)言;[C] enumerate v. 列舉。
39. D
上下文中also一詞提示天空處需要be capable of的近義詞，所以possess the ability符合題意。
40. [A]
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他們必須有能力以建設(shè)性的方法來解決沖突。
resolve和solve都有“解決”之意。例：solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用來表達(dá)“評(píng)定或平息沖突或爭端等”之意，相當(dāng)于settle。例：resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解決紛爭)。此外，resolve還有“決心，決定”之意，相當(dāng)于decide或determine。例：Parliament has resolved that… (國會(huì)決議……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下決心做……)。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Text 1
41. [C] 意為：人們所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定
根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分，它指出，(相對(duì)原始社會(huì))，工業(yè)社會(huì)中青春期變長有兩方面的原因：教育期的延長和反童工法的制定。所以，正確選項(xiàng)為[C]。
[A]的干擾來自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的長短取決于不同社會(huì)對(duì)成熟和成年的定義”。接著第二句就比較了原始社會(huì)和工業(yè)化社會(huì)。從這兩句其實(shí)我們可以推出這兩種社會(huì)對(duì)成熟的定義必定不同。但第二句已經(jīng)明確指出了具體原因，因此[C]為佳答案。[B] 工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá)，文中未提。[D]是工業(yè)社會(huì)中關(guān)于青春期變化的現(xiàn)象，而非青春期變長的原因。
42. [A]意為：從各類學(xué)校畢業(yè)
第二段第二句指出：青春期的社會(huì)儀式(social ones)已經(jīng)被一系列階段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句說明了“一系列階段”的具體所指—─各階段學(xué)習(xí)的畢業(yè)。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
[B]、[C]、[D]的錯(cuò)誤在于：social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期儀式的替代品，而只是和其替代品緊密相連的因素。第三句提到，行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可度是伴隨“階段”而存在的，而一個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會(huì)影響各階段對(duì)他的重要性。
43.[C] 意為：21歲第二段后面部分從It is during the nine years到倒數(shù)第二句列舉了青春期各階段的權(quán)利。其中，第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出，21歲是開始享有完全成****利的年齡。所以[C]為正確選項(xiàng)。
11歲不屬于該部分介紹的范圍;16歲時(shí)只能享有部分成****利;12到21歲期間是一個(gè)從兒童向成人轉(zhuǎn)變的過程，個(gè)人享有權(quán)利逐漸增加，但若享有完全成****利，需要達(dá)到21歲。因此其他項(xiàng)排除。
44. [C]意為：個(gè)人的基本權(quán)利將不會(huì)比21歲時(shí)有所增加。
文中倒數(shù)第二句說明，一旦達(dá)到成人階段(21歲)，將不再繼續(xù)獲得其他額外的基本權(quán)利。所以，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為[C]。其他項(xiàng)[A] 個(gè)人會(huì)得到更多的基本權(quán)利;[B] 一個(gè)人越老，擁有的基本權(quán)利越多;[D] 人們將享有社會(huì)賦予的更多的權(quán)利;與原文內(nèi)容相反。
45. 答案[A]意為：獲得駕照的人就可以算是成人了
第一段末句指出，到了19世紀(jì)晚期，美國的青春期和成年期的分界線消失。Frontier意為dividing line。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
第二段倒數(shù)第五句指出，18歲后，可以不經(jīng)父母的同意結(jié)婚。所以[B]錯(cuò)在“21歲”。第二段四、六、七句說明：16歲青少年可以獲得駕照，但只有到了21歲，他們才稱為法律意義上的成年人。所以[C]錯(cuò)誤。第二段倒數(shù)第六、七句說明：16歲就可以不受童工法限制，而18歲后他們才可以參軍。所以[D]錯(cuò)誤。
Text 2
46. [A] 意為：并不像表面看上去那樣好。
第一段第三、四句指出，美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)(for real)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。該句實(shí)際上是全文的主旨，從反面提出了下文旨在回答的問題，所謂生產(chǎn)率革命根本不存在，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀;該段第四句指出，問題是;近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈(rebound)造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。由題目能夠定位到第一段的這一句：What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是：商人們自認(rèn)為的他們所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事，這一點(diǎn)更加難以確定。因此可以看出作者覺得美國經(jīng)濟(jì)形式并不像商人們說的那樣好，因此聯(lián)系到了A選項(xiàng)。
后一段引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施進(jìn)行了否定，特別是羅森伯格的評(píng)價(jià)，在他看來，目前負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)的顧問們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效)，是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”(ambulance-chasing)。
B意為：處于轉(zhuǎn)折階段。文章中只是說經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不樂觀，但是還沒有達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折的地步，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于夸張類干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：比現(xiàn)狀要好得多。這個(gè)和原文意思恰恰相反，同作者的中心思想相違背。換句話說，這個(gè)是作者要批駁的觀點(diǎn)。
D意為;幾乎要實(shí)現(xiàn)全面復(fù)蘇了。此選項(xiàng)同C選項(xiàng)，都是與作者思想相違背的，更何況，復(fù)蘇這個(gè)詞根本無從談起。
47. [B] 意為：與商人的預(yù)想不符。或：不像商人預(yù)想的那樣好。
第二段指出，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂觀，如果將制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)算在一起(lump... together)，1989年以來生產(chǎn)率平均增長了1.2%，比前十年的平均指數(shù)略有增長;1991年后，生產(chǎn)率每年增長約2%，是1978年至1987年這十年平均指數(shù)的一倍多。然而問題是：近顯示出的增長部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。正如財(cái)政部長魯賓所說的那樣，一方面，大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)，另一方面，(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字又是另一番景象，二者之間存在著一個(gè)“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的這幾句：There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是：正如財(cái)政部長羅伯特脠賓所說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”。商業(yè)傳奇即是說大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況和商人們所塑造的神話有脫節(jié)，即聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)。
A意為：排除了商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈。此選項(xiàng)定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，意思是：近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的。但是官方統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)并未排除此反彈，在原文中沒有根據(jù)。原文只是說這個(gè)反彈是個(gè)trouble，但是并未說找個(gè)trouble被排除了。
C意為：與商人預(yù)想的一致。這個(gè)與B選項(xiàng)正好矛盾，參考B選項(xiàng)的解釋。
D意為：沒有準(zhǔn)確地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的狀況。該選項(xiàng)的說法太籠統(tǒng)了，雖然由原文得出了“脫節(jié)”的結(jié)論，但是請(qǐng)注意，是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”，而不是該官方統(tǒng)計(jì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)情況存在脫節(jié)。至少，原文并未說該統(tǒng)計(jì)不準(zhǔn)確，而只是說該統(tǒng)計(jì)與商人們預(yù)料的不符。
48. [B] 意為：他認(rèn)為所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并未奏效。
第一段指出，人們常說：不勞則無所獲，但是，要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚。
另外，從第三段來看，所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命包括了改組企業(yè)(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施，正如第四段所指出的，近年所進(jìn)行的一些重組措施也許并未奏效，而且，即使有所成效，效果也沒有人們想像的那樣廣泛。在后一段，作者引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，這幾位專家對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施更是持否定態(tài)度。作者的引用當(dāng)然帶有很大的傾向性，用以支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。第一段指出，人們常說：不勞則無所獲，但是，要是勞而無獲呢?美國到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚，就是說所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并沒起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出，現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)與商人們所想的存在脫節(jié)，因此他們所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)
A意為：他對(duì)“不勞則無所獲”的真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思。該選擇項(xiàng)過于局限于字面意思，而與作者的真正用意無關(guān)。這是一個(gè)用字面意思來迷惑考生的干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：他認(rèn)為官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)寧可能有錯(cuò)。正好相反，他們認(rèn)為所謂的商業(yè)振興僅僅是假象。聯(lián)系上一道題，作者并未說官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不符合實(shí)際。如果上道題明白的話，就會(huì)第一個(gè)排除此選項(xiàng)的。
D意為：他獲得了商業(yè)振興的確鑿證據(jù)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有兩個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。首先作者壓根沒說商業(yè)振興，反而在說經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不如想象中的好。第二個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是所謂的確鑿證據(jù)無從說起。文章中所有的例證都是在說明“脫節(jié)”這個(gè)問題，而不是在說什么商業(yè)振興。
49. [A] 意為：激進(jìn)的改革對(duì)生產(chǎn)率的提高極其重要。
首先要看清楚題目，是說文章未提到的，大家一定不要犯這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤，選了文章提到過的選項(xiàng)。，作者只指出促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率革命的措施并未奏效，未達(dá)到人們想象的效果，而并末提到應(yīng)該如何才對(duì)。這屬于過度引申的干擾項(xiàng)。
B意為：用新方法改變工作場(chǎng)所可以提高生產(chǎn)率。第三段第二句指出，重新改變工作場(chǎng)所僅是加快一個(gè)國家的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合生產(chǎn)率水平(overall productivity of an economy)的一種措施，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的因素還有許多，如：設(shè)備和機(jī)器投資、新技術(shù)、教育和培訓(xùn)投資等都會(huì)帶來生產(chǎn)率的提高。
C意為：降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤。根據(jù)第五段第三句，在比爾看來，許多公司機(jī)械地(in a mechanistic fashion)應(yīng)用改革措施，降低了成本，但對(duì)長期盈利卻考慮不夠?？梢姡档统杀竞烷L期盈利并非總是成正比。
D意為：顧問們是一伙飯桶。不要以為這種罵人句肯定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在原文中，那你就犯了主觀主義錯(cuò)誤了。文章后一段指出，在羅森伯格看來，目前負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整的顧問們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒有成效)，是典型的“于事無補(bǔ)”。
50. [D]否定的。 本題問：根據(jù)文章，作者對(duì)美國提高生產(chǎn)率的革命態(tài)度如何?作者在文章的一開頭就提出，本文要討論“得不償失、勞而無功”的問題，所以作者對(duì)這場(chǎng)提高生產(chǎn)率革命的態(tài)度顯然是否定的。故選D。 A有偏心的，有偏見的。 B樂觀的。 C模棱兩可的。均不符合題意，不能入選。 TEXT 3
51. [D] 這句話可直譯為：將錢花在廣告上是我所知道的好的花錢方式之一。意為：將錢花在廣告上好或很值(worthwhile)。
該句的非比較級(jí)形式為：Money spent on advertising is money spent well.在該句中，any指任何一種好的花錢方式(any money spent well);know of意為：知道，所了解到的。其實(shí)，該句所陳述的內(nèi)容不僅是第一段的主題思想，也是全文旨在說明的問題。在第一段的其他部分，作者就列舉了合理的廣告帶來的諸多方面的益處。
A意為：他對(duì)廣告的價(jià)格了如指掌。這顯然不對(duì)。
B意為：眾人皆知做廣告很費(fèi)錢(money consuming)，即：做廣告很貴。
C意為：像做其他事一樣，做廣告要花錢。
52. [A] secure在此意為：取得，獲得。A意為：獲得更大知名度。這是原文所未提到的。
原文第一段歷數(shù)了廣告所帶來的諸多益處。它直接有助于產(chǎn)品以合理價(jià)格迅速銷出(distribution)，在穩(wěn)定國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)(home market)的同時(shí)，使產(chǎn)品能以有競爭力(competitive)的價(jià)格出口進(jìn)入國際市場(chǎng);它給人以新的消費(fèi)觀，從而大大地提高人們的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn);它增加了市場(chǎng)需求(demand)，擴(kuò)大了勞動(dòng)力(labour)市場(chǎng)，有效地?cái)U(kuò)大了就業(yè)。它使許多公共事業(yè)的服務(wù)價(jià)格低廉，因?yàn)?，這些服務(wù)都可以利用登廣告所嫌的錢補(bǔ)貼其經(jīng)營費(fèi)用，這使得它們可以降低價(jià)格。
B與原文內(nèi)容相符。
C意為：提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。與原文內(nèi)容相符。
D與原文內(nèi)容相符。
53. [D] 在這一題的提問部分，deem意為：認(rèn)為。選擇項(xiàng)D中partial意為：片面的，不公平的。
文章第四段和第五段討論了一個(gè)反對(duì)廣告的電視工作者(television personality)的看法。他反對(duì)廣告的理由是：廣告是勸誘性的(persuade)，而不是客觀地提供信息(inform)，但是，作者認(rèn)為：作這種區(qū)別有些過于細(xì)微了(excessively fine)，廣告當(dāng)然要?jiǎng)裾T人們。即使在很小的方面，也很難做到只局限于(confine... to)客觀地提供信息，而且，那樣的話，廣告就失去了吸引力，沒人會(huì)注意它。由此可見，在作者看來，廣告的這兩方面很難嚴(yán)格地區(qū)別開來，二者是有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起的，不能顧此失彼。
A意為：準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了他對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)。這里，pass意為：表述，表達(dá)，提出。
B意為：只關(guān)心消費(fèi)者的注意力。這里，nothing but意為：只有，除……之外都不。
C意為：區(qū)分勸誘與信息提供是有道理的。這里，tell the difference意為：區(qū)分，區(qū)別。
54. [C] 意為：廣告勸誘消費(fèi)者無可指責(zé)。
作者認(rèn)為，毫無疑問，廣告會(huì)勸誘消費(fèi)者。它不僅是這樣，而且應(yīng)該是這樣，否則，廣告便失去了吸引力而沒人看了。參閱第53題題解。
A是不對(duì)的。正如第三段所指出的，廣告給社會(huì)(community)帶來的物質(zhì)利益(material benefit)比其他形式都大。
B意為：廣告應(yīng)給人以新的(消費(fèi))觀念，而不在于說服人。這里，win over意為：說服，爭取;rather than意為：而不是。可見，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與原文中作者表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)相反。
D意為：消費(fèi)者不關(guān)心廣告所提供的信息。這與作者的觀點(diǎn)也不同，作者僅是說：廣告不能僅局限于提供客觀信息，否則，就無法吸引消費(fèi)者。參閱第53題題解。
55. [B]意為：廣告帶來的好處和它的促銷作用。
本題問：本文好的標(biāo)題是什么?本文第一段談到做廣告的社會(huì)效益。第2、3段講廣告使物有所值，因而貢獻(xiàn)巨大。后兩段論述廣告的促銷作用。故應(yīng)選B. D具有片面性，不能入選。
Text 4
56. [D] 意為：理解該法獲批準(zhǔn)的意義尚需要時(shí)間。
第二段第一句是該段的主題句，該句意為：其(即這一立法的)整體含義(import)可能需要一段時(shí)間才為人徹底理解(sink in)。其實(shí)，該段的第二句是對(duì)第一句更具體的闡釋，該句可譯為：北部地方州(此處NT是Northern Territory的縮略形式，指澳大利亞中北部地區(qū))晚期病****利法的批準(zhǔn)使醫(yī)生和普通人都在思索其道義與實(shí)踐方面的含義。本段下文提到了支持和反對(duì)該法的兩種觀點(diǎn)。
A意為：在(除澳大利亞以外的)其他國家，對(duì)安樂死的反對(duì)意見緩慢而至。這一點(diǎn)該段沒有提到。實(shí)際上，聽到該法批準(zhǔn)后，遠(yuǎn)在美國和加拿大的人也很快作出了反應(yīng)。
B意為：在安樂死這一問題上，醫(yī)生和普通人觀點(diǎn)相同。正像該段第三句所指出的，對(duì)于該法的批準(zhǔn)，意見分歧很大。有些人松了口氣，而有些人——包括教堂、保衛(wèi)生命權(quán)益組織與澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)——對(duì)該法進(jìn)行激烈的抨擊，認(rèn)為它的批準(zhǔn)過于倉促。
C意為：技術(shù)(條件)的變化應(yīng)對(duì)該法的倉促批準(zhǔn)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。該段第五句意為：在澳大利亞，其他州也將考慮通過制定同樣的一項(xiàng)法律來解決安樂死問題，而促成這一形勢(shì)的是澳大利亞老化的人口、生命延續(xù)技術(shù)、正在變化的社會(huì)態(tài)度等因素。可見，這與C所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不一樣。
57. [B] 意為：美國、加拿大及其他國家也可能批準(zhǔn)類似法律。
第二段后一句指出，在美國和加拿大“死之權(quán)利”運(yùn)動(dòng)正在集結(jié)力量，觀望者正在等待多米諾骨牌開始傾倒。多米諾骨牌是一種西洋骨牌游戲;游戲中將許多長方形的骨牌豎立排列成行，碰倒第一張時(shí)，其余骨牌將依次紛紛倒下。用于比喻時(shí)，這種游戲指一系列的連鎖反應(yīng)，即：牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。這里喻指：澳大利亞的形勢(shì)會(huì)波及北美等國家，引起類似的做法。
A意為：觀察者對(duì)安樂死的未來持觀望態(tài)度。根據(jù)對(duì)B的分析，觀察者等待的是是否美、加等國會(huì)在對(duì)安樂死的態(tài)度方面步澳之后塵，通過類似立法，而并非是指他們對(duì)安樂死態(tài)度暖昧、莫衷一是。
C意為：觀察者正等待看多米諾游戲的結(jié)果。這種解釋未免太拘泥于字面的意思。
D意為：所批準(zhǔn)的法案的影響也許會(huì)終停止。與原文不符。
58. [C]意為：醫(yī)師為幫助生命垂危病人擺脫痛苦而采取的致死措施。
本題是一道詞義題，但是解題更多的需要涉及到文章中心詞，本文第一段從澳大利亞通過的一個(gè)關(guān)于安樂死法案的新聞入手，下文全部在討論各界對(duì)該法案的反應(yīng)，同時(shí)在文章后作者以實(shí)例表明了自己對(duì)安樂死的觀點(diǎn)，由此我們可以確定文章的中心是關(guān)于安樂死的。而考研(論壇) 文章的任何一道閱讀題目的命制都是和文章中心緊密相連的。據(jù)此我們可以推斷出答案為C。
A意為：醫(yī)師對(duì)垂危病人的同情。
B醫(yī)師對(duì)垂死病人采取的過激醫(yī)療手段。
D醫(yī)師為挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治療。
另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.處于平衡位置，由此我們可以判斷“euthanasia”和下句的the right to die大意相同,答案可以鎖定C，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有該選項(xiàng)與死亡相關(guān)。
59. [A] 意為：死時(shí)表現(xiàn)出安樂死的平靜特征。
這實(shí)際上是說他將采用安樂死的方式離開人世。第三段提到，住在達(dá)爾文市(位于北部地方州)的尼克森患肺癌，對(duì)他來說，允許安樂死的法案的批準(zhǔn)意味著他可以心情平靜地生活，而無需懼怕將要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的呼吸困難所帶來的痛苦折磨。他說：從思想認(rèn)識(shí)上講，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因?yàn)槲以H眼目睹過醫(yī)院的病人死時(shí)由缺氧而掙扎并抓撓氧氣罩的情景。從以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患絕癥并依法為自己選擇安樂死的方式告別人世。
B意為：經(jīng)歷肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不對(duì)，相反，尼克森將會(huì)平靜死去。
C意為：對(duì)痛苦的折磨極度恐懼。
D意為：將經(jīng)歷7天的平靜階段。第三段指出，根據(jù)北部地區(qū)新通過的法律，要求安樂死的病人必須具備以下條件：1)該病人必須由兩名醫(yī)生診斷為晚期病人;2)平靜考慮7天后，病人簽署一個(gè)申請(qǐng)證書;3)48小時(shí)后再給病人實(shí)行安樂死。可見，這里所說的“平靜”7天是讓病人(及其家庭)平靜、認(rèn)真地考慮一下是否選擇采用安樂死這一形式。
60. [C] 意為;贊同。
這是一篇新聞體文章，在新聞體文章中，寫作者往往通過引用相關(guān)者的觀點(diǎn)來結(jié)束討論，并將自己的態(tài)度通過引用間接地表述出來。本文以尼克森的話結(jié)束了對(duì)安樂死的討論，而尼克森是安樂死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字陳述了對(duì)安樂死法案的褒揚(yáng)態(tài)度，而反對(duì)態(tài)度卻一帶而過。從這兩方面來看，作者對(duì)安樂死持贊同態(tài)度。
A意為：反對(duì)。
B意為：懷疑。
D意為：不關(guān)心。
Section IV Translation
答案與解析：
61.【譯文】針對(duì)大壩的影響和治水的耗資與收益進(jìn)行合理科學(xué)的研究能有助于解決這些沖突。
【解析】此句的翻譯關(guān)鍵在分析of的修飾成分。其核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts。但是理解的重點(diǎn)卻在study后面那有兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的of，說明了study的內(nèi)容：study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water。第三個(gè)of修飾的是the cost and benefits兩個(gè)名詞，of后面是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語。
重點(diǎn)詞：study研究;impact 影響，沖擊;benefits 收益，福利;resolve解決
62. 【譯文】戰(zhàn)后生育高峰年代的到來及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)，限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校，找好工作，攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過程中所付出的巨大個(gè)人代價(jià)是否值得。
【解析】本句注意詞類轉(zhuǎn)換以及定語從句的翻譯。如：名詞entry轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞更符合漢語習(xí)慣;本句定語從句較長，宜采用重復(fù)先行詞teenagers譯成獨(dú)立的分句的方法。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語是The coming of age ... male-dominated job market，謂語是have limited，賓語是the opportunities of teenagers，而who are already ... schools and jobs是teenagers的定語從句，該從句中involved in ... schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的補(bǔ)語。
重點(diǎn)詞：age 時(shí)代，年代;baby boom 生育高峰，嬰兒潮;question 質(zhì)問，質(zhì)疑;involved in與某事有關(guān)，由某事引起
63. 【譯文】無法斷定兩個(gè)大陸是在朝相反的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，還是一個(gè)大陸停止不動(dòng)而另一個(gè)從它身邊漂移開去。
【解析】此句翻譯時(shí)注意it是形式主語， to引導(dǎo)的不定式短語是真正主語，注意兩個(gè)whether從句的選擇關(guān)系，以及后一個(gè)從句中兩個(gè)小句所描述的相對(duì)關(guān)系。determine后面跟的是whether... or whether...引導(dǎo)的選擇關(guān)系的從句。注意后面whether從句中有兩個(gè)分句，用and連接，其中the other指的是the other continent。
重點(diǎn)詞： determine確定，斷定;continent大陸;stationary靜止的，固定的
64. 【譯文】強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長勢(shì)頭，加上北半球冬季的到來，可能在短期內(nèi)使石油價(jià)格漲得更高。
【解析】本句重點(diǎn)是要首先抓住主句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：是一個(gè)含有插入成分的單句。主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Strengthening economic growth，謂語是could push，插入成分是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語。
重點(diǎn)詞：strengthen加強(qiáng)
65. 【譯文】但網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的公司借助強(qiáng)行推送策略去掙錢并非不可避免。/但網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠推動(dòng)策略方能掙錢。
【解析】本句注意真正主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，翻譯時(shí)可還原后再譯(如前一種)，或靈活處理(如后一種)。
重點(diǎn)詞：resort to憑借，采取;push strategy推動(dòng)策略
66. 【譯文】奇怪的是他們也許已經(jīng)從雄心壯志中獲益頗多了——如果不是他們自己的雄心，那么就是他們父母的或祖父母的。
【解析】此句主語為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語為have benefited from，賓語ambition，破折號(hào)后if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。此處破折號(hào)后的狀語從句為補(bǔ)充說明，位置不變?yōu)橐恕?BR> 重點(diǎn)詞：ambition雄心壯志
67. 【譯文】 這一成功，以及后來顯示記憶本身并非由基因所決定的研究，讓埃里克森得出結(jié)論：記憶行為更多地屬于認(rèn)知練習(xí)而不是直覺練習(xí)。
【解析】本句是個(gè)簡單句，主語是This success，謂語是led，后面接兩個(gè)賓語，一是Ericsson，一是不定式to conclude。不定式本身接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)coupled with later research做success的定語，但翻譯成漢語時(shí)需靈活處理成主語，現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)showing that memory itself is not genetically determined又做later research的定語。注意more...than...中，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是more之后的部分。
重點(diǎn)詞： couple with再加上;genetically determined由基因決定的;cognitive認(rèn)知的;intuitive直覺的
68. 【譯文】人與人之間的差異以及自然選擇利用該差異的機(jī)會(huì)減少了。
【解析】注意differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it是兩個(gè)并列的主語，千萬不要理解成people與the opportunity是between的并列賓語。另外注意句中的it指代的是differences between people。
重點(diǎn)詞組：natural selection自然選擇;take advantage of利用
69. 【譯文】這次近3倍的石油漲價(jià)喚起了1973年油價(jià)暴漲的可怕記憶，那時(shí)油價(jià)漲了四倍，也喚起了1979至1980的可怕記憶，那時(shí)油價(jià)也漲了近三倍。
【解析】本句翻譯時(shí)注意兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的均為定語從句，而非狀語從句，所以要翻譯成“當(dāng)時(shí)，那時(shí)”，切勿譯成“當(dāng)...的時(shí)候”
重點(diǎn)詞：oil shock石油危機(jī);quadruple(乘)四倍
70. 【譯文】在僅僅一代人的時(shí)間里，數(shù)百萬母親投入工作的行列，改變了基本的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。
【解析】解析：本句主要注意現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)transforming basic family economics做結(jié)果狀語，翻譯時(shí)要體現(xiàn)出來。
重點(diǎn)詞：generation一個(gè)世代，一代人;economics經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
注：翻譯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
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