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Fruit Flies Love Alcohol!
果蠅喜歡酒精！
When human females are pregnant, they’re advised to stay away from alcohol, for fear of harming the fetus. And most parents refrain from giving their infants bottles full of whiskey or beer, for obvious reasons.
當(dāng)人類女性懷孕時，人們就會建議她們戒酒，以免傷害胎兒。大多數(shù)父母都不會給嬰兒接觸滿瓶的威士忌或者啤酒，原因是顯而易見的。
But if you’re a fruit fly, literally dousing your offspring in alcohol is apparently one of the best ways to protect them from danger, particularly from certain types of wasps.
但如果你是一只果蠅，毫不夸張的說，你把后代浸沒在酒精中是保護(hù)它們遠(yuǎn)離危險的辦法之一，特別是這樣能避免黃蜂的傷害。
How and why?
如何以及為什么要這樣做？
Let’s back up a bit. First, certain types of wasps prey on fruit flies by injecting eggs inside fruit fly larvae. Unless an infected larva kills the wasp egg, it hatches and the wasp larva eats its way out from inside the fruit fly larva, killing it.
讓我們來回顧一下。首先，特定類型的黃蜂會將卵注入果蠅幼蟲中，以捕食果蠅。除非受感染的果蠅幼蟲殺死黃蜂卵，否則當(dāng)黃蜂卵孵化出來后，黃蜂幼蟲將會由內(nèi)而外吞噬果蠅幼蟲，將其殺死。
One way for fruit fly moms to protect against this gruesome fate is to lay their eggs in an alcohol soaked environment, such as fermenting fruit, when they see that parasitic wasps are around. Although alcohol is toxic to fruit flies, it’s even more toxic to wasps, which, unlike fruit flies, have not evolved a high level of alcohol tolerance. So if the larvae eat enough alcohol rich food, it can kill the wasp egg and keep it from hatching.
果蠅媽媽為防止幼蟲遭受厄運的其中一種辦法是，當(dāng)看到寄生蜂的出現(xiàn)時，將卵產(chǎn)在酒精浸泡的環(huán)境之中，例如發(fā)酵的水果里。盡管酒精對果蠅有毒，但酒精對黃蜂的毒性更大。與果蠅不同，黃蜂還沒有進(jìn)化成對高濃度酒精的耐受性。所以如果果蠅幼蟲吃了足夠富含酒精的食物后，它就可以殺死黃蜂卵并使之不能孵化。
Protecting young
保護(hù)果蠅幼蟲
Apparently, fruit flies are not the only fly species to use alcohol to protect their young. In fact, it seems that most flies that eat rotting fruit use the alcohol defense against wasps. So fruit flies are not unique in this regard, but they’re still mighty impressive.
很明顯，果蠅并不是利用酒精來保護(hù)幼蟲的的蠅類。實際上，大部分的蒼蠅都會食用腐爛水果，利用酒精來防御黃蜂。所以果蠅在這方面并不獨特，但它們?nèi)匀涣钊擞∠笊羁獭?
Fruit Flies Love Alcohol!
果蠅喜歡酒精！
When human females are pregnant, they’re advised to stay away from alcohol, for fear of harming the fetus. And most parents refrain from giving their infants bottles full of whiskey or beer, for obvious reasons.
當(dāng)人類女性懷孕時，人們就會建議她們戒酒，以免傷害胎兒。大多數(shù)父母都不會給嬰兒接觸滿瓶的威士忌或者啤酒，原因是顯而易見的。
But if you’re a fruit fly, literally dousing your offspring in alcohol is apparently one of the best ways to protect them from danger, particularly from certain types of wasps.
但如果你是一只果蠅，毫不夸張的說，你把后代浸沒在酒精中是保護(hù)它們遠(yuǎn)離危險的辦法之一，特別是這樣能避免黃蜂的傷害。
How and why?
如何以及為什么要這樣做？
Let’s back up a bit. First, certain types of wasps prey on fruit flies by injecting eggs inside fruit fly larvae. Unless an infected larva kills the wasp egg, it hatches and the wasp larva eats its way out from inside the fruit fly larva, killing it.
讓我們來回顧一下。首先，特定類型的黃蜂會將卵注入果蠅幼蟲中，以捕食果蠅。除非受感染的果蠅幼蟲殺死黃蜂卵，否則當(dāng)黃蜂卵孵化出來后，黃蜂幼蟲將會由內(nèi)而外吞噬果蠅幼蟲，將其殺死。
One way for fruit fly moms to protect against this gruesome fate is to lay their eggs in an alcohol soaked environment, such as fermenting fruit, when they see that parasitic wasps are around. Although alcohol is toxic to fruit flies, it’s even more toxic to wasps, which, unlike fruit flies, have not evolved a high level of alcohol tolerance. So if the larvae eat enough alcohol rich food, it can kill the wasp egg and keep it from hatching.
果蠅媽媽為防止幼蟲遭受厄運的其中一種辦法是，當(dāng)看到寄生蜂的出現(xiàn)時，將卵產(chǎn)在酒精浸泡的環(huán)境之中，例如發(fā)酵的水果里。盡管酒精對果蠅有毒，但酒精對黃蜂的毒性更大。與果蠅不同，黃蜂還沒有進(jìn)化成對高濃度酒精的耐受性。所以如果果蠅幼蟲吃了足夠富含酒精的食物后，它就可以殺死黃蜂卵并使之不能孵化。
Protecting young
保護(hù)果蠅幼蟲
Apparently, fruit flies are not the only fly species to use alcohol to protect their young. In fact, it seems that most flies that eat rotting fruit use the alcohol defense against wasps. So fruit flies are not unique in this regard, but they’re still mighty impressive.
很明顯，果蠅并不是利用酒精來保護(hù)幼蟲的的蠅類。實際上，大部分的蒼蠅都會食用腐爛水果，利用酒精來防御黃蜂。所以果蠅在這方面并不獨特，但它們?nèi)匀涣钊擞∠笊羁獭?