以下是為大家整理的《高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講》，希望能為大家的學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)幫助，不斷進(jìn)步，取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。
Unit13 Healthy eating · 英語(yǔ)小竅門 · 句型與句子結(jié)構(gòu)(句型層次表) 第一層 第二層 例句 簡(jiǎn)單句 主 謂 I am coming. 主 謂 賓 I like cats. 主 謂 賓 賓 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you. 主 謂 賓 補(bǔ) I seldom see him do morning exercises. 主 謂 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall. 并列句 主謂 + 主謂 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer. 復(fù)合句 主語(yǔ)從句 名詞性從句 What he told me yesterday is true. 賓語(yǔ)從句 I know that he is an American. 表語(yǔ)從句 This is how he broke the door. 同位語(yǔ)從句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted. 定語(yǔ)從句 This is the room where he was born. 狀語(yǔ)從句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years. · 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析 · 1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有： have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼 lie on one's stomach 俯臥 have the stomach for… 對(duì)……有興趣 turn one's stomach 使……惡心 on an empty/a full stomach 空著肚子/吃飽 2. bar n. (1)條狀物；棒 a bar of soap 一條肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一條巧克力 a bar of gold一根金條 (2)酒吧 a coffee bar (3)固定短語(yǔ)：behind bars 在獄中 3. diet n. (1)正常飲食 a balanced diet 均衡的飲食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品 (2)飲食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 節(jié)食, 節(jié)食 No sugar in my coffee; I'm dieting. 4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 嚴(yán)重的肝病 diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病態(tài)的植物 辨析：illness, disease illness：很少指具體疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的狀態(tài)。 disease: 指可以染上和傳染他人的疾病。 e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.幾個(gè)孩子因生病沒上學(xué)。 He has a rare heart disease.他得了一種罕見的心臟病。 5. probably 與 possibly比較 (1)probably 極有可能, 有幾分根據(jù)的猜測(cè); 比possibly所指的可能性大些。 e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聰明；很多人愿意幫助他。他極有可能取勝。 (2)possibly 可能地。表示客觀上潛在的可能性，可能性比probably小，經(jīng)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 或may 連用。 e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation. 她或許是她那一代人中偉大的作家。 6. promise v. &n. 允諾；答應(yīng) 動(dòng)詞用法：后接名詞或代詞、不定式、that 從句 (1)They promised an immediate reply. 他們答應(yīng)立刻回復(fù)。 (2)He promised me to be here at six o'clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o'clock.. 他答應(yīng)我他將在六點(diǎn)在這里等我。 (3)I promised you not to say that. 我答應(yīng)你不說(shuō)那件事。 (4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望轉(zhuǎn)暖。 (5)He is a promising boy. 他是一個(gè)有前途的男孩。 名詞用法： make a promise 許下諾言 give a promise 許下諾言 keep a promise 信守諾言 carry out a promise 履行諾言 break a promise違背諾言 7. brain n. (1)用作不可數(shù)名詞，大腦 The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大腦是高等神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的中樞。 (2)用作可數(shù)名詞brains，智力，頭腦 She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聰明。 8. advise, suggest用法 (1)advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建議做某事。 advise that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 I advise you to leave now. 我建議你現(xiàn)在就離開。 I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建議等到適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)(才行動(dòng))。 We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我們建議立即采取措施。 (2)suggest建議，其句型為 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 suggest one's doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建議某人去做某事 suggest that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible. 我們建議那座舊博物館應(yīng)該盡早重修。 9．diet與food的區(qū)別： diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物。 food指能吃喝的具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西。例如： The doctor has ordered me a special diet.醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。 I like a simple diet best.我喜歡粗茶淡飯。 We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我們必須有食物吃，有衣服穿。 The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar. 這個(gè)病人不可不吃東西，但要吃不含糖的飲食。 · 重點(diǎn)詞組解析 · 1. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可數(shù)名詞又可修不可數(shù)名詞，只用于陳述句， 在疑問(wèn)句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。 注意：plenty of前面沒有冠詞a, 不可誤記成a plenty of。 Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of chairs here. in plenty 充足地 There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food. 2．be careful用法歸納 (1)be careful 單獨(dú)使用，當(dāng)心 Be careful！The pan is hot! 當(dāng)心！鍋很熱。 (2)be careful about…對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎 I hope you'll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你將來(lái)對(duì)所說(shuō)事謹(jǐn)慎。 (3)be careful of…留神…… We have to be careful of what they are doing.我們得留神他們做的什么。 (4)be careful with…注意…… You must be more careful with your work.你們需注意你們的工作。 有時(shí)be careful表示吝嗇。 He's too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone. 他太吝嗇了，他從不給別人買杯水。 (5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做…… We want to be careful not to break anything.我們要小心不要打破任何東西。 (6)be careful+從句 加以小心 Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。 3．keep up with 跟上（防止落后） keep up with the class 跟上班級(jí)（不掉隊(duì)） keep up with the development of society 適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展 keep up with the going on 跟上時(shí)尚 注意：catch up with （已經(jīng)落后）趕上 4．Be +adj +to短語(yǔ) (1)be harmful to…對(duì)……有害 be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指對(duì)某人或某物有……影響或態(tài)度如何。 be good to…=be kind to…對(duì)……態(tài)度好 be friendly to…對(duì)……友好 be cruel to…對(duì)……兇殘 be bad to…對(duì)……態(tài)度不好 be polite/impolite to…對(duì)……有禮貌/無(wú)禮貌 be rude to…對(duì)……粗魯 5．cut短語(yǔ)總結(jié)： (1)cut into…把……切成 Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water. 蔬菜應(yīng)切成小碎塊放進(jìn)開水里。 (2)cut up 切碎 Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.媽媽正剁肉準(zhǔn)備包餃子。 (3)cut down 砍倒；削減 If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐樹木，就會(huì)毀壞土地。 I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我決定戒煙。 (4)cut off 切斷，停掉 Our water supply has been cut off again. 我們的供水再次中斷。 6．Short短語(yǔ) (1)be short of 缺少 I'm short of money this week, can you lend me some？這星期我缺錢，你能借我一點(diǎn)? (2)run short 幾乎用光 We've run short of oil. 我們已經(jīng)用光油了。 The supply of oil is running short. 供應(yīng)的油快要用光了。 · 重點(diǎn)句型解析 · 1．It was a bit green. 它還有點(diǎn)生。 1)句中的green意為"沒有成熟的"，是ripe的反義詞。例如： We don t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to pick. 2)a bit作程度副詞，與a little同義。例如： I m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower? 3)但是，not a bit＝ not at all,而not a little＝very/ much. 例如： I m not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)不累 I m not a little tired.我很累。 2．While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在學(xué)校上課或步行回家時(shí)，你體內(nèi)每小時(shí)消耗100卡。 1)burn up意為"燒掉"、"燒毀"，在本句中意為"消耗掉"。例如： He burned up all the old letters. 他把過(guò)去的全部信件都燒掉了。 The house burned up before they got there.他們到達(dá)那兒之前，房子已燒毀了。 2)up與一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)，有"完結(jié)"、"終結(jié)"的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光， tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up鎖好。 3. Eating habits become part of who we are.飲食習(xí)慣變成我們自身的一部分。 who we are 為介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)從句。 eating habits 為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞或不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)part of… ……的一部分 Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大樓的一部分被火燒毀了。 a part of 指不足一半，意為"一小部分"。 We spent a part of our holiday in France.我們的一部分假期是在法國(guó)度過(guò)的。 4．The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中國(guó)人吃的糖比世界上其它許多國(guó)家的人都少。 1)the Chinese 指（全體）中國(guó)人。以－ese結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)籍的詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)，表示整個(gè)國(guó)家的人。例如：the Japanese(全體)日本人，the Vietnamese(全體)越南人。但指該國(guó)單個(gè)的人時(shí)，則是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese. 5．They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他們吃蛋糕、軟飲料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。 1)in the form of 意為"以……的形式"。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提問(wèn)題的形式提出建議。 He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用寫信來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感情。 He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日記的形式寫了一本小說(shuō)。 6．In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英國(guó)有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齒就都脫光了！ 1)one person in ten 是"十個(gè)中有一個(gè)"的意思，也可說(shuō)成one person out of ten。 例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./ 2)by the age of意"……歲之前""到……歲時(shí)"，at the age of 意"在……歲時(shí) She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十歲之前，他就學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴。 He died at the age of 90.他九十歲去世。 7．Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.開張后的頭幾天，許多人到那家餐館去吃飯。 1)score作"二十"解，和數(shù)字連用時(shí)，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20個(gè)蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of則為固定詞組，意為"許多"。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席會(huì)議。 I have been there scores of times.我到那兒去過(guò)多次了。 2)first后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為"頭幾個(gè)"、"頭一批"。例如： For the first few weeks, they didn t talk to each other.頭幾個(gè)星期，他們彼此不曾講過(guò)話。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人之一。
· 語(yǔ)法精講 · 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better, should及 ought to的用法 (1)had better 好 ①加動(dòng)詞原形 You'd better get some sleep. 你好睡一會(huì)兒。 I'd better not disturb him. 我好不打擾他了。 ②后接be doing sth. 表示好立即做某事 I think I'd better be going.我想我好立刻走。 ③祈使句中had省略 Better not wait for them. 好不等他們。 ④反義疑問(wèn)句用had You'd better put away your socks, hadn't you? 你好把你襪子收拾好，難道不行嗎？ You had better not follow her, had you？你好不要跟她，不是嗎？ (2)should 與ought to 應(yīng)該 ①ought to 的口氣比should 稍重一些，更側(cè)重于某件事責(zé)任、義務(wù)上該做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子兩個(gè)詞不宜換用： You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父親，就應(yīng)該照顧他。 We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech. 我們不應(yīng)該說(shuō)太多的大話在我們的日常講話中。 ②ought to 的句式變化 否定句：You ought not =(oughtn't) to write so carelessly.你不該寫得這樣粗心。 疑問(wèn)句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我們?cè)摻o他機(jī)會(huì)試一試? ③與完成時(shí)連用 should/ought to have done sth.本應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際沒做) We ought to have finished our homework on time.我們本應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。 shouldn't/oughtn't to have done sth.本不應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際做了) They oughtn't to have come back so late.他們本不該回來(lái)這樣晚。 · 同步練習(xí) · 1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting. A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores 2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question. A .with B .by C .on D .in 3．--Your English is very good.--__________ A .Thank you. I m glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor. C .Is that true? D .Don t you think so? 4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding. A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by 5．I hope you ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you. A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed 6．--Why don t we go and play football? --___________. A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football C .It s a good game D .That s a good idea 7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder? A .about B .for C .from D .with 8．You_____ better________the thing to be done. A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause C .hadn t; cause D .hadn t; causing 9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise. A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take 10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets? A .from B .in C .among D .between 11．She was too excited to fall______last night. A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping 12．--I m not feeling well. --I m not_____. I advise you_______. A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight 13．In winter we see water fall______of snow. A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops 14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident. A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very 15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding. A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as 參考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B · 課外閱讀 · The Wolf and the Lamb WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations." The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 狼與小羊 一只小羊在河邊喝水，狼見到后，便想找一個(gè)名正言順的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，惡狠狠地說(shuō)小羊把河水?dāng)嚋啙崃?，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答說(shuō)，他僅僅站在河邊喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水?dāng)嚋?。狼見此?jì)不成，又說(shuō)道："我父親去年被 你罵過(guò)。"小羊說(shuō)，那時(shí)他還沒有出生。狼對(duì)他說(shuō)："不管你怎樣辯解，反正我不會(huì)放 過(guò) 你。" 這說(shuō)明，對(duì)惡人做任何正當(dāng)?shù)霓q解也是無(wú)效的。 The Bat and the Weasels A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠與黃鼠狼 蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黃鼠狼叼去，他請(qǐng)求饒命。黃鼠狼說(shuō)絕不會(huì)放過(guò)他，自己生來(lái)痛恨 鳥類。蝙蝠說(shuō)他是老鼠，不是鳥，便被放了。后來(lái)蝙蝠又掉落了下來(lái)，被另一只黃鼠狼叼 住，他再三請(qǐng)求不要吃他。這只黃鼠狼說(shuō)他恨一切鼠類。蝙蝠改口說(shuō)自己是鳥類，并非老 鼠，又被放了。這樣，蝙蝠兩次改變了自己的名字，終于死里逃生。 這故事說(shuō)明，我們遇事要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變方能避免危險(xiǎn)。 Unit14 Festivals · 英語(yǔ)小竅門 · 十二條經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ) 1. Pain past is pleasure. (過(guò)去的痛苦就是快樂。) 2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (腦中有知識(shí)，勝過(guò)手有金錢。) 3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，無(wú)所不成。) 4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先難后易。) 5. Great hopes make great man. (偉大的理想造就偉大的人。) 6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。) 7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的詞匯概括了成功的秘訣：多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)！) [比別人多一點(diǎn)努力、多一點(diǎn)自律、多一點(diǎn)決心、多一點(diǎn)反省、多一點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)、多一點(diǎn)實(shí)踐、多一點(diǎn)瘋狂，多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就能創(chuàng)造奇跡！] 8. In doing we learn. (實(shí)踐長(zhǎng)才干。) 9. East or west, home is best. (東好西好，還是家里好。) 10. Two heads are better than one. (三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。) 11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷徑。) 12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石) · 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析 · 1. hono(u)r vt. (1)尊敬 e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子應(yīng)該尊敬父母。 (2)對(duì)……表示敬意 e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鮮花擺放在那里為了紀(jì)念他 (3)使感到榮幸 e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我們?cè)谝黄疬@是我們的榮幸。 I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)诖酥v話是我的榮幸。 honour n. (1)榮譽(yù)，光榮(不可數(shù)名詞) e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)的榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)。 (2)(高尚)人格，信譽(yù)(不可數(shù)名詞) A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way. 一個(gè)高尚的人行為處事不會(huì)這么懦弱。 (3)尊敬，敬重(不可數(shù)) e. g. One must show honour to one's parents. 一個(gè)人必須尊敬父母。 (4)使感到光榮的人或事，榮幸(可數(shù)，多作單數(shù)) e. g. It's an honour to meet you. 見到你十分榮幸。 比較：in honour of 為了(紀(jì)念或表示敬意而舉行某活動(dòng)) e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 這只是紀(jì)念她生日的一個(gè)舞會(huì)。 A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 為了紀(jì)念他而舉行紀(jì)念會(huì)。 have the honour (of)有幸……, 榮幸地 e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸與您共進(jìn)晚餐嗎？ 2. determine vt. (1)決定 e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他還沒決定好未來(lái)，但他可能學(xué)醫(yī)。 Can we now determine the date for our party? 我們現(xiàn)在能決定派對(duì)的日期嗎？ (2)決心，決意，決定(作某事)，(用過(guò)去分詞)決心，下定決心 determine+不定式to do e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她決心就在那個(gè)下午走。 determine+從句 He had been determined that no one should know.他決意不讓任何人知道。 determined 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，果斷，堅(jiān)定，堅(jiān)決 e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing. 他的聲音很堅(jiān)決，他的眼睛閃閃發(fā)亮。 determination n. (1)決心(不可數(shù)) e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他決心呆一周。 (2)決定(不可數(shù)，間或加不定冠詞) e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩決定逃學(xué)。 self-determination n. 自主，自我決定 3. purpose n. 目的，意圖，目標(biāo) e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做這件事的目的是什么？ 比較：for…purpose為了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意 e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you. 如果我今后去那兒的話，就是為了見你。 I've come on purpose to speak to you. 我來(lái)是特意要與你談?wù)劇?She did it on purpose. 她是故意那樣做。 4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示 e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.請(qǐng)下午提醒我給他打電話。 remind v. 使……想起，提醒 (1)+ of短語(yǔ) e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had. 你剛剛講的故事使我想起了我曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷。 (2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐覍懶拧?(3)+從句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看見時(shí)鐘使我想起我遲到了。 5.compare v. (1)compare … with…比較，指同類事物的具體比較 e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities. 比較這兩種語(yǔ)言，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有同有異。 Parents like to compare their own children with other children. 父母?jìng)兛傁矚g把自己的孩子與別的孩子進(jìn)行比較。 (2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同類事物的抽象比較 e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺(tái)。 People often compare girls to flowers. 人們經(jīng)常把女孩子比作花朵。 (3) compared to/ with…與……比起來(lái)，常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。 It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來(lái)，那時(shí)它還是個(gè)小地方。 6. 表示穿著的動(dòng)詞 (1)put on 表示穿上的動(dòng)作 e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。 (2) wear表示穿著狀態(tài)，意義廣，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、襪、手套、眼鏡、手表、徽章、首飾，還可表示頭發(fā)、胡須的式樣，帶有某種表情或樣子。 e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一個(gè)帶著厚厚的眼鏡的矮小的人。 (3) dress既可表示動(dòng)作也可表示狀態(tài)，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面賓語(yǔ)是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth. e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她給孩子穿上了紅色的衣服。 (4) have on表示穿著狀態(tài)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件紅裙子。 (5)be in sth. 表示狀態(tài) e. g. He's in plain clothes. 他身著便裝。 What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿著什么顏色的衣服？ 7. light的用法 (1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，淺色的(=pale) e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房間又亮又通風(fēng)。 It gets light at about six o'clock. 六點(diǎn)左右天亮。 She has a light green dress. 她有一條淡綠色的裙子。 (2)n.①光線，亮光(不可數(shù))，但如表示一種光線時(shí)，尤其是被形容詞修飾時(shí)，前可加不定冠詞。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.試管里發(fā)出微弱的藍(lán)光。 ②燈，燈光，發(fā)光物，引火物(可數(shù)) e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 沒有一個(gè)辦公室里有燈光。 (3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted) ①點(diǎn)燃(生爐子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑時(shí)我們點(diǎn)上了蠟燭。 ②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被燈光照亮。 ③(使)變得亮起來(lái)，開朗起來(lái) e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.當(dāng)她看清是誰(shuí)時(shí)，她的臉亮了起來(lái)。 Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的臉亮了起來(lái)。 (4)light up動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) ①照亮，點(diǎn)亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃燒的建筑物照亮了整條街道。 ②(使)容光煥發(fā)，春風(fēng)滿面 (指人的面部表情) e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.當(dāng)她聽到好消息時(shí)，臉上露出喜色。 注意：light的過(guò)去分詞有兩種: lighted, lit當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，用lighted。 e. g. a lighted candle 一支點(diǎn)著的蠟燭。 8 .common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general區(qū)別 (1)common ①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英語(yǔ)是他們的共同語(yǔ)言。 ②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 沒有比此更普通的。 ③常見的，到處可見的e. g. Is this word in common use? 這個(gè)字常用嗎？ ④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我們有許多共同之處。 (2) common, general, ordinary, usual區(qū)別 common側(cè)重"普通"，表示"時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生，人所共有"，并含有"并不高貴，地位低下"之意，指符合或具有全體共有的特征，其反義詞為rare。 e. g. a common saying 俗語(yǔ) a common wish 一個(gè)共同的愿望 common sense 常識(shí)common knowledge 普通知識(shí) This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English. 這是個(gè)初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人易犯的錯(cuò)誤。 general 側(cè)重"普遍"，表示在大多數(shù)人或事物中流行并受到關(guān)注，不含有"地位低下"之意，其反義詞為specific。e. g. general readers 一般讀者a general idea 一個(gè)普通的觀點(diǎn) ordinary與common基本同義，側(cè)重"外表平凡的，普通的"，表示"隨時(shí)可以碰到，不值得驚奇"，其反義詞為superior。 e. g. an ordinary event一件極平常的事an ordinary person一個(gè)普通的人 My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老師是個(gè)相貌平常的人。 usual用來(lái)指事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性，一貫如此，意為"通常的，慣常的", 含有"隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習(xí)慣而常常發(fā)生"之意，其反義詞為unusual。 e. g. as usual和往常一樣 It's a usual thing with him. 這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是平常事。 9. believe與believe in believe相信 = think …true, 后接表示人或事物的名詞或代詞，也可接what/ that從句 e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said. 我相信你說(shuō)的話。 I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我所聽到的/看到的。 比較：believe sb. 相信某人所說(shuō)的話 believe in sb. 信任某人，指人的品格、作風(fēng)、為人等方面的情況。 e. g. We usually believe in him, but this doesn't mean we always believe him. 我們通常是信任他的，但這并不意味著我們總是相信他的話。 10. gather與collect區(qū)別 gather作"收集""聚集"講時(shí)用法廣泛，可指把人集中起來(lái)，也可指把分散的東西或抽象的東西(如信息、力量)聚集起來(lái)。 collect作"收集""采集"講時(shí)，著重于計(jì)劃性和選擇性的含義。 e. g. Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今為止，他已收集了五百?gòu)埻鈬?guó)郵票。 Gather round, and I'll tell you a story. 大家圍過(guò)來(lái)，我給你們講個(gè)故事。 When the accident happened, a lot of people quickly gathered round. 事故發(fā)生后，很快周圍聚集了很多人。 How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins? 你用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才收集到這些古代硬幣？ 注意：gather一般不與together連用，因其自身就是bring together / come together之意。
Unit13 Healthy eating · 英語(yǔ)小竅門 · 句型與句子結(jié)構(gòu)(句型層次表) 第一層 第二層 例句 簡(jiǎn)單句 主 謂 I am coming. 主 謂 賓 I like cats. 主 謂 賓 賓 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you. 主 謂 賓 補(bǔ) I seldom see him do morning exercises. 主 謂 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall. 并列句 主謂 + 主謂 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer. 復(fù)合句 主語(yǔ)從句 名詞性從句 What he told me yesterday is true. 賓語(yǔ)從句 I know that he is an American. 表語(yǔ)從句 This is how he broke the door. 同位語(yǔ)從句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted. 定語(yǔ)從句 This is the room where he was born. 狀語(yǔ)從句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years. · 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析 · 1. stomach n. 肚子，胃，復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有： have a pain in the stomach 胃(腹)疼 lie on one's stomach 俯臥 have the stomach for… 對(duì)……有興趣 turn one's stomach 使……惡心 on an empty/a full stomach 空著肚子/吃飽 2. bar n. (1)條狀物；棒 a bar of soap 一條肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一條巧克力 a bar of gold一根金條 (2)酒吧 a coffee bar (3)固定短語(yǔ)：behind bars 在獄中 3. diet n. (1)正常飲食 a balanced diet 均衡的飲食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品 (2)飲食限制 go on a diet=be on a diet 節(jié)食, 節(jié)食 No sugar in my coffee; I'm dieting. 4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 嚴(yán)重的肝病 diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病態(tài)的植物 辨析：illness, disease illness：很少指具體疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的狀態(tài)。 disease: 指可以染上和傳染他人的疾病。 e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.幾個(gè)孩子因生病沒上學(xué)。 He has a rare heart disease.他得了一種罕見的心臟病。 5. probably 與 possibly比較 (1)probably 極有可能, 有幾分根據(jù)的猜測(cè); 比possibly所指的可能性大些。 e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He will probably win.他工作努力，人也聰明；很多人愿意幫助他。他極有可能取勝。 (2)possibly 可能地。表示客觀上潛在的可能性，可能性比probably小，經(jīng)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 或may 連用。 e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation. 她或許是她那一代人中偉大的作家。 6. promise v. &n. 允諾；答應(yīng) 動(dòng)詞用法：后接名詞或代詞、不定式、that 從句 (1)They promised an immediate reply. 他們答應(yīng)立刻回復(fù)。 (2)He promised me to be here at six o'clock.=He promised me that he would be here at six o'clock.. 他答應(yīng)我他將在六點(diǎn)在這里等我。 (3)I promised you not to say that. 我答應(yīng)你不說(shuō)那件事。 (4)It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午有望轉(zhuǎn)暖。 (5)He is a promising boy. 他是一個(gè)有前途的男孩。 名詞用法： make a promise 許下諾言 give a promise 許下諾言 keep a promise 信守諾言 carry out a promise 履行諾言 break a promise違背諾言 7. brain n. (1)用作不可數(shù)名詞，大腦 The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大腦是高等神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的中樞。 (2)用作可數(shù)名詞brains，智力，頭腦 She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聰明。 8. advise, suggest用法 (1)advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建議做某事。 advise that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 I advise you to leave now. 我建議你現(xiàn)在就離開。 I advise waiting till the proper time. 我建議等到適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)(才行動(dòng))。 We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我們建議立即采取措施。 (2)suggest建議，其句型為 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 suggest one's doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建議某人去做某事 suggest that…(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible. 我們建議那座舊博物館應(yīng)該盡早重修。 9．diet與food的區(qū)別： diet指的是習(xí)慣的食物或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物。 food指能吃喝的具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西。例如： The doctor has ordered me a special diet.醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。 I like a simple diet best.我喜歡粗茶淡飯。 We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我們必須有食物吃，有衣服穿。 The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar. 這個(gè)病人不可不吃東西，但要吃不含糖的飲食。 · 重點(diǎn)詞組解析 · 1. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可數(shù)名詞又可修不可數(shù)名詞，只用于陳述句， 在疑問(wèn)句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many 或much。 注意：plenty of前面沒有冠詞a, 不可誤記成a plenty of。 Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone. We have plenty of chairs here. in plenty 充足地 There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food. 2．be careful用法歸納 (1)be careful 單獨(dú)使用，當(dāng)心 Be careful！The pan is hot! 當(dāng)心！鍋很熱。 (2)be careful about…對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎 I hope you'll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你將來(lái)對(duì)所說(shuō)事謹(jǐn)慎。 (3)be careful of…留神…… We have to be careful of what they are doing.我們得留神他們做的什么。 (4)be careful with…注意…… You must be more careful with your work.你們需注意你們的工作。 有時(shí)be careful表示吝嗇。 He's too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone. 他太吝嗇了，他從不給別人買杯水。 (5)be careful not to do sth. 小心不要做…… We want to be careful not to break anything.我們要小心不要打破任何東西。 (6)be careful+從句 加以小心 Be careful what you do. 小心你做的一切。 3．keep up with 跟上（防止落后） keep up with the class 跟上班級(jí)（不掉隊(duì)） keep up with the development of society 適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展 keep up with the going on 跟上時(shí)尚 注意：catch up with （已經(jīng)落后）趕上 4．Be +adj +to短語(yǔ) (1)be harmful to…對(duì)……有害 be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指對(duì)某人或某物有……影響或態(tài)度如何。 be good to…=be kind to…對(duì)……態(tài)度好 be friendly to…對(duì)……友好 be cruel to…對(duì)……兇殘 be bad to…對(duì)……態(tài)度不好 be polite/impolite to…對(duì)……有禮貌/無(wú)禮貌 be rude to…對(duì)……粗魯 5．cut短語(yǔ)總結(jié)： (1)cut into…把……切成 Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water. 蔬菜應(yīng)切成小碎塊放進(jìn)開水里。 (2)cut up 切碎 Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.媽媽正剁肉準(zhǔn)備包餃子。 (3)cut down 砍倒；削減 If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐樹木，就會(huì)毀壞土地。 I have decided to cut down my smoking. 我決定戒煙。 (4)cut off 切斷，停掉 Our water supply has been cut off again. 我們的供水再次中斷。 6．Short短語(yǔ) (1)be short of 缺少 I'm short of money this week, can you lend me some？這星期我缺錢，你能借我一點(diǎn)? (2)run short 幾乎用光 We've run short of oil. 我們已經(jīng)用光油了。 The supply of oil is running short. 供應(yīng)的油快要用光了。 · 重點(diǎn)句型解析 · 1．It was a bit green. 它還有點(diǎn)生。 1)句中的green意為"沒有成熟的"，是ripe的反義詞。例如： We don t like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green to pick. 2)a bit作程度副詞，與a little同義。例如： I m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower? 3)但是，not a bit＝ not at all,而not a little＝very/ much. 例如： I m not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)不累 I m not a little tired.我很累。 2．While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在學(xué)校上課或步行回家時(shí)，你體內(nèi)每小時(shí)消耗100卡。 1)burn up意為"燒掉"、"燒毀"，在本句中意為"消耗掉"。例如： He burned up all the old letters. 他把過(guò)去的全部信件都燒掉了。 The house burned up before they got there.他們到達(dá)那兒之前，房子已燒毀了。 2)up與一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)，有"完結(jié)"、"終結(jié)"的意思。如eat up 吃光，drink up喝光， tear up 撕碎，use up 用完，lock up鎖好。 3. Eating habits become part of who we are.飲食習(xí)慣變成我們自身的一部分。 who we are 為介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)從句。 eating habits 為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞或不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)part of… ……的一部分 Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大樓的一部分被火燒毀了。 a part of 指不足一半，意為"一小部分"。 We spent a part of our holiday in France.我們的一部分假期是在法國(guó)度過(guò)的。 4．The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中國(guó)人吃的糖比世界上其它許多國(guó)家的人都少。 1)the Chinese 指（全體）中國(guó)人。以－ese結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)籍的詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)，表示整個(gè)國(guó)家的人。例如：the Japanese(全體)日本人，the Vietnamese(全體)越南人。但指該國(guó)單個(gè)的人時(shí)，則是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese. 5．They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他們吃蛋糕、軟飲料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。 1)in the form of 意為"以……的形式"。例如：He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提問(wèn)題的形式提出建議。 He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用寫信來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感情。 He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日記的形式寫了一本小說(shuō)。 6．In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! 在英國(guó)有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齒就都脫光了！ 1)one person in ten 是"十個(gè)中有一個(gè)"的意思，也可說(shuō)成one person out of ten。 例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./ 2)by the age of意"……歲之前""到……歲時(shí)"，at the age of 意"在……歲時(shí) She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十歲之前，他就學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴。 He died at the age of 90.他九十歲去世。 7．Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.開張后的頭幾天，許多人到那家餐館去吃飯。 1)score作"二十"解，和數(shù)字連用時(shí)，不可加s，如a score of eggs(20個(gè)蛋)，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但scores of則為固定詞組，意為"許多"。例如：A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席會(huì)議。 I have been there scores of times.我到那兒去過(guò)多次了。 2)first后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為"頭幾個(gè)"、"頭一批"。例如： For the first few weeks, they didn t talk to each other.頭幾個(gè)星期，他們彼此不曾講過(guò)話。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人之一。
· 語(yǔ)法精講 · 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better, should及 ought to的用法 (1)had better 好 ①加動(dòng)詞原形 You'd better get some sleep. 你好睡一會(huì)兒。 I'd better not disturb him. 我好不打擾他了。 ②后接be doing sth. 表示好立即做某事 I think I'd better be going.我想我好立刻走。 ③祈使句中had省略 Better not wait for them. 好不等他們。 ④反義疑問(wèn)句用had You'd better put away your socks, hadn't you? 你好把你襪子收拾好，難道不行嗎？ You had better not follow her, had you？你好不要跟她，不是嗎？ (2)should 與ought to 應(yīng)該 ①ought to 的口氣比should 稍重一些，更側(cè)重于某件事責(zé)任、義務(wù)上該做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子兩個(gè)詞不宜換用： You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父親，就應(yīng)該照顧他。 We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech. 我們不應(yīng)該說(shuō)太多的大話在我們的日常講話中。 ②ought to 的句式變化 否定句：You ought not =(oughtn't) to write so carelessly.你不該寫得這樣粗心。 疑問(wèn)句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我們?cè)摻o他機(jī)會(huì)試一試? ③與完成時(shí)連用 should/ought to have done sth.本應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際沒做) We ought to have finished our homework on time.我們本應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。 shouldn't/oughtn't to have done sth.本不應(yīng)該做……(而實(shí)際做了) They oughtn't to have come back so late.他們本不該回來(lái)這樣晚。 · 同步練習(xí) · 1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting. A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores 2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question. A .with B .by C .on D .in 3．--Your English is very good.--__________ A .Thank you. I m glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor. C .Is that true? D .Don t you think so? 4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding. A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by 5．I hope you ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you. A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed 6．--Why don t we go and play football? --___________. A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football C .It s a good game D .That s a good idea 7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder? A .about B .for C .from D .with 8．You_____ better________the thing to be done. A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause C .hadn t; cause D .hadn t; causing 9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise. A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take 10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets? A .from B .in C .among D .between 11．She was too excited to fall______last night. A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping 12．--I m not feeling well. --I m not_____. I advise you_______. A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight 13．In winter we see water fall______of snow. A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops 14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident. A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very 15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding. A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as 參考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B · 課外閱讀 · The Wolf and the Lamb WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations." The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 狼與小羊 一只小羊在河邊喝水，狼見到后，便想找一個(gè)名正言順的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，惡狠狠地說(shuō)小羊把河水?dāng)嚋啙崃?，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答說(shuō)，他僅僅站在河邊喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水?dāng)嚋?。狼見此?jì)不成，又說(shuō)道："我父親去年被 你罵過(guò)。"小羊說(shuō)，那時(shí)他還沒有出生。狼對(duì)他說(shuō)："不管你怎樣辯解，反正我不會(huì)放 過(guò) 你。" 這說(shuō)明，對(duì)惡人做任何正當(dāng)?shù)霓q解也是無(wú)效的。 The Bat and the Weasels A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠與黃鼠狼 蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黃鼠狼叼去，他請(qǐng)求饒命。黃鼠狼說(shuō)絕不會(huì)放過(guò)他，自己生來(lái)痛恨 鳥類。蝙蝠說(shuō)他是老鼠，不是鳥，便被放了。后來(lái)蝙蝠又掉落了下來(lái)，被另一只黃鼠狼叼 住，他再三請(qǐng)求不要吃他。這只黃鼠狼說(shuō)他恨一切鼠類。蝙蝠改口說(shuō)自己是鳥類，并非老 鼠，又被放了。這樣，蝙蝠兩次改變了自己的名字，終于死里逃生。 這故事說(shuō)明，我們遇事要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變方能避免危險(xiǎn)。 Unit14 Festivals · 英語(yǔ)小竅門 · 十二條經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ) 1. Pain past is pleasure. (過(guò)去的痛苦就是快樂。) 2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (腦中有知識(shí)，勝過(guò)手有金錢。) 3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，無(wú)所不成。) 4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先難后易。) 5. Great hopes make great man. (偉大的理想造就偉大的人。) 6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。) 7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的詞匯概括了成功的秘訣：多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)！) [比別人多一點(diǎn)努力、多一點(diǎn)自律、多一點(diǎn)決心、多一點(diǎn)反省、多一點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)、多一點(diǎn)實(shí)踐、多一點(diǎn)瘋狂，多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就能創(chuàng)造奇跡！] 8. In doing we learn. (實(shí)踐長(zhǎng)才干。) 9. East or west, home is best. (東好西好，還是家里好。) 10. Two heads are better than one. (三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。) 11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷徑。) 12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石) · 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析 · 1. hono(u)r vt. (1)尊敬 e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子應(yīng)該尊敬父母。 (2)對(duì)……表示敬意 e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鮮花擺放在那里為了紀(jì)念他 (3)使感到榮幸 e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我們?cè)谝黄疬@是我們的榮幸。 I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)诖酥v話是我的榮幸。 honour n. (1)榮譽(yù)，光榮(不可數(shù)名詞) e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)的榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)。 (2)(高尚)人格，信譽(yù)(不可數(shù)名詞) A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way. 一個(gè)高尚的人行為處事不會(huì)這么懦弱。 (3)尊敬，敬重(不可數(shù)) e. g. One must show honour to one's parents. 一個(gè)人必須尊敬父母。 (4)使感到光榮的人或事，榮幸(可數(shù)，多作單數(shù)) e. g. It's an honour to meet you. 見到你十分榮幸。 比較：in honour of 為了(紀(jì)念或表示敬意而舉行某活動(dòng)) e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 這只是紀(jì)念她生日的一個(gè)舞會(huì)。 A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 為了紀(jì)念他而舉行紀(jì)念會(huì)。 have the honour (of)有幸……, 榮幸地 e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸與您共進(jìn)晚餐嗎？ 2. determine vt. (1)決定 e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他還沒決定好未來(lái)，但他可能學(xué)醫(yī)。 Can we now determine the date for our party? 我們現(xiàn)在能決定派對(duì)的日期嗎？ (2)決心，決意，決定(作某事)，(用過(guò)去分詞)決心，下定決心 determine+不定式to do e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她決心就在那個(gè)下午走。 determine+從句 He had been determined that no one should know.他決意不讓任何人知道。 determined 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，果斷，堅(jiān)定，堅(jiān)決 e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing. 他的聲音很堅(jiān)決，他的眼睛閃閃發(fā)亮。 determination n. (1)決心(不可數(shù)) e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他決心呆一周。 (2)決定(不可數(shù)，間或加不定冠詞) e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩決定逃學(xué)。 self-determination n. 自主，自我決定 3. purpose n. 目的，意圖，目標(biāo) e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做這件事的目的是什么？ 比較：for…purpose為了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意 e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you. 如果我今后去那兒的話，就是為了見你。 I've come on purpose to speak to you. 我來(lái)是特意要與你談?wù)劇?She did it on purpose. 她是故意那樣做。 4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示 e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.請(qǐng)下午提醒我給他打電話。 remind v. 使……想起，提醒 (1)+ of短語(yǔ) e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had. 你剛剛講的故事使我想起了我曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷。 (2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐覍懶拧?(3)+從句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看見時(shí)鐘使我想起我遲到了。 5.compare v. (1)compare … with…比較，指同類事物的具體比較 e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities. 比較這兩種語(yǔ)言，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有同有異。 Parents like to compare their own children with other children. 父母?jìng)兛傁矚g把自己的孩子與別的孩子進(jìn)行比較。 (2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同類事物的抽象比較 e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺(tái)。 People often compare girls to flowers. 人們經(jīng)常把女孩子比作花朵。 (3) compared to/ with…與……比起來(lái)，常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。 It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來(lái)，那時(shí)它還是個(gè)小地方。 6. 表示穿著的動(dòng)詞 (1)put on 表示穿上的動(dòng)作 e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。 (2) wear表示穿著狀態(tài)，意義廣，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、襪、手套、眼鏡、手表、徽章、首飾，還可表示頭發(fā)、胡須的式樣，帶有某種表情或樣子。 e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一個(gè)帶著厚厚的眼鏡的矮小的人。 (3) dress既可表示動(dòng)作也可表示狀態(tài)，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面賓語(yǔ)是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth. e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她給孩子穿上了紅色的衣服。 (4) have on表示穿著狀態(tài)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件紅裙子。 (5)be in sth. 表示狀態(tài) e. g. He's in plain clothes. 他身著便裝。 What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿著什么顏色的衣服？ 7. light的用法 (1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，淺色的(=pale) e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房間又亮又通風(fēng)。 It gets light at about six o'clock. 六點(diǎn)左右天亮。 She has a light green dress. 她有一條淡綠色的裙子。 (2)n.①光線，亮光(不可數(shù))，但如表示一種光線時(shí)，尤其是被形容詞修飾時(shí)，前可加不定冠詞。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.試管里發(fā)出微弱的藍(lán)光。 ②燈，燈光，發(fā)光物，引火物(可數(shù)) e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 沒有一個(gè)辦公室里有燈光。 (3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted) ①點(diǎn)燃(生爐子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑時(shí)我們點(diǎn)上了蠟燭。 ②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被燈光照亮。 ③(使)變得亮起來(lái)，開朗起來(lái) e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.當(dāng)她看清是誰(shuí)時(shí)，她的臉亮了起來(lái)。 Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的臉亮了起來(lái)。 (4)light up動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) ①照亮，點(diǎn)亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃燒的建筑物照亮了整條街道。 ②(使)容光煥發(fā)，春風(fēng)滿面 (指人的面部表情) e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.當(dāng)她聽到好消息時(shí)，臉上露出喜色。 注意：light的過(guò)去分詞有兩種: lighted, lit當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，用lighted。 e. g. a lighted candle 一支點(diǎn)著的蠟燭。 8 .common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general區(qū)別 (1)common ①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英語(yǔ)是他們的共同語(yǔ)言。 ②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 沒有比此更普通的。 ③常見的，到處可見的e. g. Is this word in common use? 這個(gè)字常用嗎？ ④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我們有許多共同之處。 (2) common, general, ordinary, usual區(qū)別 common側(cè)重"普通"，表示"時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生，人所共有"，并含有"并不高貴，地位低下"之意，指符合或具有全體共有的特征，其反義詞為rare。 e. g. a common saying 俗語(yǔ) a common wish 一個(gè)共同的愿望 common sense 常識(shí)common knowledge 普通知識(shí) This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English. 這是個(gè)初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人易犯的錯(cuò)誤。 general 側(cè)重"普遍"，表示在大多數(shù)人或事物中流行并受到關(guān)注，不含有"地位低下"之意，其反義詞為specific。e. g. general readers 一般讀者a general idea 一個(gè)普通的觀點(diǎn) ordinary與common基本同義，側(cè)重"外表平凡的，普通的"，表示"隨時(shí)可以碰到，不值得驚奇"，其反義詞為superior。 e. g. an ordinary event一件極平常的事an ordinary person一個(gè)普通的人 My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老師是個(gè)相貌平常的人。 usual用來(lái)指事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性，一貫如此，意為"通常的，慣常的", 含有"隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習(xí)慣而常常發(fā)生"之意，其反義詞為unusual。 e. g. as usual和往常一樣 It's a usual thing with him. 這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是平常事。 9. believe與believe in believe相信 = think …true, 后接表示人或事物的名詞或代詞，也可接what/ that從句 e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said. 我相信你說(shuō)的話。 I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我所聽到的/看到的。 比較：believe sb. 相信某人所說(shuō)的話 believe in sb. 信任某人，指人的品格、作風(fēng)、為人等方面的情況。 e. g. We usually believe in him, but this doesn't mean we always believe him. 我們通常是信任他的，但這并不意味著我們總是相信他的話。 10. gather與collect區(qū)別 gather作"收集""聚集"講時(shí)用法廣泛，可指把人集中起來(lái)，也可指把分散的東西或抽象的東西(如信息、力量)聚集起來(lái)。 collect作"收集""采集"講時(shí)，著重于計(jì)劃性和選擇性的含義。 e. g. Up to now, he has collected 500 foreign stamps.至今為止，他已收集了五百?gòu)埻鈬?guó)郵票。 Gather round, and I'll tell you a story. 大家圍過(guò)來(lái)，我給你們講個(gè)故事。 When the accident happened, a lot of people quickly gathered round. 事故發(fā)生后，很快周圍聚集了很多人。 How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins? 你用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才收集到這些古代硬幣？ 注意：gather一般不與together連用，因其自身就是bring together / come together之意。