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When you watch a movie these days, it’s difficult to tell what’s real and what’s created in a computer. In the future, visual effects could even alter how movies are made.
今天，你看電影的時(shí)候，很難分清哪些場(chǎng)景是真的，哪些是電腦制作的。將來，電影特效可能根本改變電影的制作方法。電影特效的這一領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)展，創(chuàng)造電影幻覺的下一個(gè)疆界又在哪里？
Almost anything that can be imagined by a director can now become reality in the world of movies.
電影導(dǎo)演能想象出來的幾乎所有畫面都能在銀幕上成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。
“We’re really not limited by the technology to build pretty much anything we want,” said David Smith, of Sony Pictures Imageworks. Smith said that with today's computer processing power and speed, the digital world is more realistic than ever before.
索尼電影畫面制作公司的史密斯說：“我們制作想做的任何畫面都沒有技術(shù)限制?！?索尼電影畫面制作公司的史密斯表示，今天的電腦處理能力和速度使數(shù)字世界比以往任何時(shí)候都更真實(shí)。
For The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Smith's team created a Times Square that was indistinguishable from the real one in New York.
史密斯的“驚人的蜘蛛俠續(xù)集”制片組創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)，跟紐約真的時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)真假難辨。
“If there’s lights inside the stores that are lighting areas inside the store, we put those lights in there. All the street lights on the street we put versions of that into the computer world so that it mimics the real world exactly,” said Smith.
史密斯說：“商店里有燈光，照亮商店里一些地方。我們把燈裝在那里。我們把街上的燈光輸入電腦，仿照真實(shí)世界，以假亂真。
But there is still one challenge for visual effects artists, said Paul Debevec of the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies.
但是，南加州大學(xué)創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)研究所的德貝維奇說，對(duì)視覺效果藝術(shù)家來說，還有一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。德貝維奇使用這個(gè)燈光平臺(tái)掃描人物的臉，創(chuàng)造數(shù)字克隆形象。
“We’re still trying to figure out how to perfect the human face in movies,” said Debevec.
“我們?nèi)匀辉谂υO(shè)法在影片中制作完美的人臉?！?BR> Debevec said the 2008 movie The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is still the best example of a computer-generated face, as actor Brad Pitt aged - backwards - from a wrinkled old man to a baby.
德貝維奇說，2008年的影片“本杰明-巴頓奇事”是電腦造臉的例證。這部影片造的是演員布拉德·皮特的臉。
Debevec added that in addition to changing the look of an actor's face, there could be another use for digital faces in the world of entertainment.
但是德貝維奇說，特效藝術(shù)家正在超越今天在世的影星。
“There’s also a big interest in trying to bring back actors who are no longer with us and that’s a big deal right now,” said Debevec.
Last year, effects artists created a digital double of deceased Asian pop singer Teresa Teng in concert with Chinese pop star Jay Chou. Fans can still see and hear the concert on YouTube.
去年，他們創(chuàng)造了已故亞洲流行歌手鄧麗君的數(shù)字克隆，讓鄧麗君出現(xiàn)在中國流行歌手周杰倫的音樂會(huì)上。
“With a ton of data from us and a ton of artistic effort and technical know-how from Digital Domain, they were able to create a singing face of Teresa Teng where she performed not only one of her original songs but two songs that weren’t even written at the time she was alive with Jay Chou,” said Debevec.
德貝維奇說：“我們提供巨量信息，藝術(shù)家也付出巨大的努力，加上數(shù)字域名公司提供的技術(shù)。他們能夠創(chuàng)造鄧麗君的面孔。她不僅演唱了一首自己的原創(chuàng)歌曲，而且和周杰倫一起演唱了兩首她在世時(shí)根本還沒有寫出來的歌曲?！?BR> Debevec expects directors will start to use more virtual production techniques, like those seen in the movie Avatar.
德貝維奇預(yù)計(jì)，導(dǎo)演們將開始更多使用虛擬制作技術(shù)，就像影片阿凡達(dá)展示的那樣。
“Even though it looks like that’s a bunch of expensive technology, ultimately it’s going to be much easier to make movies that way,” he said.
“雖然看上去這不過是一堆昂貴的技術(shù)，但是這種制片方法最終會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)便得多?！?BR> Debevec said that with virtual production, there won’t be a need for as many people behind the scenes.
德貝維奇說，使用虛擬制作技術(shù)，就不需要那么多人在幕后工作了。
Sony Pictures Imageworks' David Smith pointed out that computer generated locations can also be more realistic to actors.
史密斯說，對(duì)演員來說，電腦創(chuàng)造的場(chǎng)景也能顯得更有形、更真實(shí)。
“That’s where potentially in the future, if we can help create the world in the computer and bring it to the set so they’re not acting in front of a green screen but they’re acting in front of a set that we’ve sort of mocked up in the computer that eventually will look more grandiose, they’ll have something to grasp there," said Smith.
“未來可能的情形是，如果我們能通過電腦中創(chuàng)造虛擬世界，并把它放在拍片現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，使演員不在一個(gè)綠色的空白屏幕前表演，而是在一套虛擬場(chǎng)景前表演。那么最終場(chǎng)面會(huì)變得更宏偉，演員將能感受到場(chǎng)景。”
But visual effects artists agree, even with improved technology and the potential to create anything in the virtual world, there is no replacement for a real actor interpreting a character in a movie.
但是，視覺效果藝術(shù)家們同意，即便改進(jìn)了技術(shù)，在虛擬世界創(chuàng)造的潛力還是不能取代真人演員在電影中演繹一個(gè)人物。
When you watch a movie these days, it’s difficult to tell what’s real and what’s created in a computer. In the future, visual effects could even alter how movies are made.
今天，你看電影的時(shí)候，很難分清哪些場(chǎng)景是真的，哪些是電腦制作的。將來，電影特效可能根本改變電影的制作方法。電影特效的這一領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)展，創(chuàng)造電影幻覺的下一個(gè)疆界又在哪里？
Almost anything that can be imagined by a director can now become reality in the world of movies.
電影導(dǎo)演能想象出來的幾乎所有畫面都能在銀幕上成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。
“We’re really not limited by the technology to build pretty much anything we want,” said David Smith, of Sony Pictures Imageworks. Smith said that with today's computer processing power and speed, the digital world is more realistic than ever before.
索尼電影畫面制作公司的史密斯說：“我們制作想做的任何畫面都沒有技術(shù)限制?！?索尼電影畫面制作公司的史密斯表示，今天的電腦處理能力和速度使數(shù)字世界比以往任何時(shí)候都更真實(shí)。
For The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Smith's team created a Times Square that was indistinguishable from the real one in New York.
史密斯的“驚人的蜘蛛俠續(xù)集”制片組創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)，跟紐約真的時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)真假難辨。
“If there’s lights inside the stores that are lighting areas inside the store, we put those lights in there. All the street lights on the street we put versions of that into the computer world so that it mimics the real world exactly,” said Smith.
史密斯說：“商店里有燈光，照亮商店里一些地方。我們把燈裝在那里。我們把街上的燈光輸入電腦，仿照真實(shí)世界，以假亂真。
But there is still one challenge for visual effects artists, said Paul Debevec of the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies.
但是，南加州大學(xué)創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)研究所的德貝維奇說，對(duì)視覺效果藝術(shù)家來說，還有一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。德貝維奇使用這個(gè)燈光平臺(tái)掃描人物的臉，創(chuàng)造數(shù)字克隆形象。
“We’re still trying to figure out how to perfect the human face in movies,” said Debevec.
“我們?nèi)匀辉谂υO(shè)法在影片中制作完美的人臉?！?BR> Debevec said the 2008 movie The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is still the best example of a computer-generated face, as actor Brad Pitt aged - backwards - from a wrinkled old man to a baby.
德貝維奇說，2008年的影片“本杰明-巴頓奇事”是電腦造臉的例證。這部影片造的是演員布拉德·皮特的臉。
Debevec added that in addition to changing the look of an actor's face, there could be another use for digital faces in the world of entertainment.
但是德貝維奇說，特效藝術(shù)家正在超越今天在世的影星。
“There’s also a big interest in trying to bring back actors who are no longer with us and that’s a big deal right now,” said Debevec.
Last year, effects artists created a digital double of deceased Asian pop singer Teresa Teng in concert with Chinese pop star Jay Chou. Fans can still see and hear the concert on YouTube.
去年，他們創(chuàng)造了已故亞洲流行歌手鄧麗君的數(shù)字克隆，讓鄧麗君出現(xiàn)在中國流行歌手周杰倫的音樂會(huì)上。
“With a ton of data from us and a ton of artistic effort and technical know-how from Digital Domain, they were able to create a singing face of Teresa Teng where she performed not only one of her original songs but two songs that weren’t even written at the time she was alive with Jay Chou,” said Debevec.
德貝維奇說：“我們提供巨量信息，藝術(shù)家也付出巨大的努力，加上數(shù)字域名公司提供的技術(shù)。他們能夠創(chuàng)造鄧麗君的面孔。她不僅演唱了一首自己的原創(chuàng)歌曲，而且和周杰倫一起演唱了兩首她在世時(shí)根本還沒有寫出來的歌曲?！?BR> Debevec expects directors will start to use more virtual production techniques, like those seen in the movie Avatar.
德貝維奇預(yù)計(jì)，導(dǎo)演們將開始更多使用虛擬制作技術(shù)，就像影片阿凡達(dá)展示的那樣。
“Even though it looks like that’s a bunch of expensive technology, ultimately it’s going to be much easier to make movies that way,” he said.
“雖然看上去這不過是一堆昂貴的技術(shù)，但是這種制片方法最終會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)便得多?！?BR> Debevec said that with virtual production, there won’t be a need for as many people behind the scenes.
德貝維奇說，使用虛擬制作技術(shù)，就不需要那么多人在幕后工作了。
Sony Pictures Imageworks' David Smith pointed out that computer generated locations can also be more realistic to actors.
史密斯說，對(duì)演員來說，電腦創(chuàng)造的場(chǎng)景也能顯得更有形、更真實(shí)。
“That’s where potentially in the future, if we can help create the world in the computer and bring it to the set so they’re not acting in front of a green screen but they’re acting in front of a set that we’ve sort of mocked up in the computer that eventually will look more grandiose, they’ll have something to grasp there," said Smith.
“未來可能的情形是，如果我們能通過電腦中創(chuàng)造虛擬世界，并把它放在拍片現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，使演員不在一個(gè)綠色的空白屏幕前表演，而是在一套虛擬場(chǎng)景前表演。那么最終場(chǎng)面會(huì)變得更宏偉，演員將能感受到場(chǎng)景。”
But visual effects artists agree, even with improved technology and the potential to create anything in the virtual world, there is no replacement for a real actor interpreting a character in a movie.
但是，視覺效果藝術(shù)家們同意，即便改進(jìn)了技術(shù)，在虛擬世界創(chuàng)造的潛力還是不能取代真人演員在電影中演繹一個(gè)人物。