1 She was close to success.
A fast B quick C tight D near
2 The two girls look alike
A similar B beautiful C pretty D attractive
3 The boy is intelligent.
A naughty B clever C difficult D active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back
A sorry B sad C happy D angry
5 Zhat is your glad in life?
A aim B plan C arrangement D idea
6 Jack was dismissed
A fined B fired C exhausted D criticized
7 John is crazy about pop music
A mad B sorry C concerned D worried
8 It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.
A frightens B scares C confuses D arouses
9 It is highly unlikely that she will arrive today.
A very B probably C hardly D possibly
10 I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was.
A many B no C some D much
11 Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat
A eat B cook C keep D freeze
12 We packed up the things we had accumulated (積累) over the last three years and
A late B recent C final D past
13 The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning
A bottom of tile mountain B foot of the mountain C staring point D top of the mountain
14 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.
A destroys B beats C maintains D defends
15 The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.
A stated B said C announced D suggested
答案:
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 13 D 14 B 15 D
American Sports The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. The professional baseball teams that play well are allowed to play in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
KEY：CBAABCA Messages from the Media 1. The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (復(fù)數(shù)的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.
2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.
3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think, for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television."
4. Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天的廣告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication——a book.
5. We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A Importance of Classroom Learning
B Television as Rich Source of Information
C Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass Media
D Various Messages One May Receive Each Day
E Media —— Means to Communicate Messages
F Importance of the Mass Media
27 Each day we get a lot of messages from .
28 Television, radio and books are all important media of .
29 For most people television is the most important .
30 The mass media are important to us because they shape .
A sports news
B our decisions and opinions
C mass communication
D our messages
E source of information
F the mass media
參考答案：23. C 24. B 25. D 26. F 27. F 28. C 29. E 30. B Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes. "Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. "For example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
"Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "
練習(xí):
1. In paragraph 2 ，John Hayes points out that
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.
B.many people reject low-salt food completely.
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly
D.food with reduced salt tastes better.
2. The fourth paragraph describes briefly
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.
B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.
3. The article argues that supertasters
A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.
B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.
C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.
D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.
4. Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.
C.They prefer high-salt cheese，which tastes less bitter.
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.
5. What message do the last two paragraphs carry?
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.
C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.
答案與題解:
1. C 根據(jù)短文的第二段內(nèi)容，很多人因為食物中的含鹽量降低，所以必須做出很大努力 ( struggling) 去適應(yīng)，而低鹽食物對于他們來說，口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste… good to them) 。選項C有 accept reluctantly (勉強(qiáng)接受)表達(dá)了這層意思，所以是正確的選擇。A 、B 、D 三個選項均是錯誤的。
2. A 第四段介紹了科學(xué)家是如何設(shè)計這項研究的，它包含了研究對象的人數(shù)、性別、人選條件、咸度味感分級表等。選項 A 概括了這方面的內(nèi)容，所以是答案。而選項 B 、C、D 所述內(nèi) 容均不符合該段的意思。
3. B 短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在這里的意思是:口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster是其反義詞，即，口味清談的人。該段告訴我們，口味重的人消耗更多的鹽;因為快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人對快餐較為偏愛。選項B表達(dá)了上述內(nèi)容，所以是答案。
4. C 短文第六段提供了答案。該段告訴我們，奶醋發(fā)酵會產(chǎn)生苦味，supertasters 不喜歡苦味，而高含鹽量可以蓋住奶酷里的苦睞，這是他們偏愛高鹽奶酷的原因。所以，只有C是正確選擇。
5. A文章第七段中，Hayes引用了75年前一位遺傳學(xué)專家的實驗。從這項實驗中，Hayes 得出的結(jié)論是，Taste acuity( 味覺敏度)上的差異與他們頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異是同一類現(xiàn)象，也就是說，都是與生俱來的。第八段又說，這是一種 biological difference (生物差異)，所以 A 是答案。B 說味覺敏'度是后天形成的，顯然與作者的結(jié)論相左。C 說味覺敏度的差異與頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異有關(guān)，顯然是錯誤的。D 的內(nèi)容在最后兩段都沒有提到，所以不會是答案。
Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."
詞匯:
mice / mais / n. 老鼠(復(fù)數(shù))
sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹
bioethicist // n. 生物倫理學(xué)家
注釋:
1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹
2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我們離它遠(yuǎn)點，這里的it指代前面講的 anti-ageing technology.
練習(xí):
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?
A. Spending more time with his family.
B. Having more education.
C. Realizing more dreams.
D. Working longer.
2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?
A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.
B More and more people in the US today want to get married.
C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.
D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.
3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT
A Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.
B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.
C The job market would be more competitive.
D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.
4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that
A.it places more emphasis on educating the young.
B.it is both wise and energetic.
C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.
D.it welcomes changes.
5. Which of the following best describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?
A.Optimistic.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Reserved.
D.Negative.
答案與題解：
1. B 長壽使個人能做的事主要在第三、四段里講到，作者沒有提到長壽可以讓人更多地接受教育。
2. A 本題答案以下面的這兩句話為依據(jù):People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. 暗示美國人目前的婚姻關(guān)系已經(jīng)十分脆弱。
3. B 文章的第九段講了壽命延長、退休推遲可能帶來的種種問題，但作者沒有提到雇傭者需要更多的錢來支付員工的工資。
4. C 答案可以在第十、十一這兩段里找到。
5. C 本題的答案依據(jù)可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 認(rèn)為在搞清楚長壽社會會給我們帶來哪些問題之前，不要急著搞抗衰老的技術(shù)?？梢娝麑顾ダ霞夹g(shù)的發(fā)展是有保留的。
Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.
A. if they keep thinking of their past
B. if they believe they'll recover
C. if they put off moving on
D. if they manage to get on with their life
42 What had happened to the patients under study?
A. They had just survived an accident.
B. They had just had an operation.
C. They had just injured their colons.
D. They had just made some pouches.
43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.
A. they made the best of their current situation
B. they were good at playing function
C. they regarded normal bowel function
D. they were promised another operation
44 The other group was not as happy because ________.
A. they accepted their current situation
B. they were anxious to get better
C. they missed their previous life
D. they refused to play cards
45 What could be the message of the passage?
A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C. Hope is what makes people move on.
D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
解析：
41.D [解析]第二段的最后一句sometimes，if hope makes people put off getting on withtheir life，it can get in the way of happiness.有時候，如果希望使人們不能適應(yīng)自己的生活，那么希望就會阻礙幸福。也就是說，當(dāng)人們能適應(yīng)自己的生活時，就會更幸福。第五段也提到We think they weree happier because they got on with their lives. 因此選D。
42.B [解析]第三段說…studied patients who had Dew colostomies…，colostomy是結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)。因此B是正確答案。
43.A [解析]第五段說覺得幸福的那組"we think tlaey were happier because they got onwith their lives."第六段說不幸福的那組"They contrasted their current life with the life they hopedto lead，and didn't make the best of their current situation."因此覺得幸福的原因是A。
44.B [解析]答案所在段是第六段"The other group was waiting for tIleir colostomy to bereversecl."he added."Tlaey contrastecl their current life with the life they hoped to lead，and didn'tmake the best of tlaeir Current situation."由此可見，不幸福的原因是B。
45.B [解析]該題目是文章主旨題。本文的中心是說希望不一定都能帶來幸福，要能面對現(xiàn)實，適應(yīng)不幸，才會更幸福。A和c都與本文主旨不符。D中frequently(經(jīng)常地)使用不當(dāng)。B符合本文主題。 The Importance of Agriculture in China
The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is ____(1)____, which has been growing steadily.
Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of population.
Agriculture also _____(2)____ because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw material and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s, After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan "Agriculture is the foundation of the economy" has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.
___(3)___, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are ___(4)___ or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore __(5)___.
練習(xí)：
A determines the progress of industry
B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population
C either agricultural raw materials
D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry
E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry
F thus promoting both import and export
KEY : B A F C D The Invention of the telephone In the nineteenth century， the invention of the telegraph made it possible to send noises， signals， and even music over wires from one place to another. However， the human voice __1__ this way. Many inventors tried to find a __2__ to send a voice over wires， and in 1876 some of their efforts were crowned with success. ___3___ American inventors， Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray， __4__ at almost the same time. The United States Supreme Court finally had to decide which of the two __5__ the first inventor of the telephone. The Court decided __6__ Bell's favor.
Born in Edinbrug， Scotland， Bell grew up in a family __7__ was very interested in teaching people to speak. His grandfather had been an actor who left __8__ to teach elocution; his father was a teacher __9__ deaf-mutes learn how to speak.
However， probably none of the __10__ inventions gave Bell the same feeling of triumph __11__ he had on the day when he spilled some acid from his batteries. It was after he had worked for months to find ways to send something more __12__metallic twangs over the wires. Thinking Watson， __13__， was in the next room， Bell called， “Mr.Watson， __14__. I want you.” Watson was not in the next room. He was down in his laboratory， __15__ to the receiver. To Watson's surprise， he heard the words perfectly. He ran to tell Bell the news： the wires had carried Bell's voice perfectly.
EXERCISE：
1. A) had never traveled
B) never had traveled
C) was never traveled
D) never was traveled
2. A) solution
B) key
C) way
D) mean
3. A)Two
B) The two
C) The two of
D) Of two
4. A) was succeeded
B) have succeeded
C) succeeded
D) was succeeding
5. A) was
B) to be
C) being
D) having been
6. A) at
B) on
C) to
D) in
7. A) that
B)where
C) in which
D) who
8. A) a theatre
B) theatre
C) theatres
D) the treatre
9. A) which was helped
B) that was helped
C) who helped
D) who has helped
10. A) later
B) latter
C) lately
D) afterwards
11. A) like
B) to
C)which
D) as
12. A) of
B) /
C) as
D) than
13. A) being his helper
B) was his helper
C) his helper
D) to be his helper
14. A) come here
B) come up
C) go away
D) go down
15. A) besides
B) beside
C) next
D) by
Key： A C A C A D A D C A D D C A C
A fast B quick C tight D near
2 The two girls look alike
A similar B beautiful C pretty D attractive
3 The boy is intelligent.
A naughty B clever C difficult D active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back
A sorry B sad C happy D angry
5 Zhat is your glad in life?
A aim B plan C arrangement D idea
6 Jack was dismissed
A fined B fired C exhausted D criticized
7 John is crazy about pop music
A mad B sorry C concerned D worried
8 It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.
A frightens B scares C confuses D arouses
9 It is highly unlikely that she will arrive today.
A very B probably C hardly D possibly
10 I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was.
A many B no C some D much
11 Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat
A eat B cook C keep D freeze
12 We packed up the things we had accumulated (積累) over the last three years and
A late B recent C final D past
13 The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning
A bottom of tile mountain B foot of the mountain C staring point D top of the mountain
14 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.
A destroys B beats C maintains D defends
15 The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.
A stated B said C announced D suggested
答案:
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 13 D 14 B 15 D
American Sports The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. The professional baseball teams that play well are allowed to play in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
KEY：CBAABCA Messages from the Media 1. The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (復(fù)數(shù)的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.
2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.
3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think, for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television."
4. Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天的廣告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication——a book.
5. We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A Importance of Classroom Learning
B Television as Rich Source of Information
C Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass Media
D Various Messages One May Receive Each Day
E Media —— Means to Communicate Messages
F Importance of the Mass Media
27 Each day we get a lot of messages from .
28 Television, radio and books are all important media of .
29 For most people television is the most important .
30 The mass media are important to us because they shape .
A sports news
B our decisions and opinions
C mass communication
D our messages
E source of information
F the mass media
參考答案：23. C 24. B 25. D 26. F 27. F 28. C 29. E 30. B Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes. "Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. "For example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
"Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "
練習(xí):
1. In paragraph 2 ，John Hayes points out that
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.
B.many people reject low-salt food completely.
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly
D.food with reduced salt tastes better.
2. The fourth paragraph describes briefly
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.
B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.
3. The article argues that supertasters
A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.
B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.
C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.
D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.
4. Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.
C.They prefer high-salt cheese，which tastes less bitter.
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.
5. What message do the last two paragraphs carry?
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.
C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.
答案與題解:
1. C 根據(jù)短文的第二段內(nèi)容，很多人因為食物中的含鹽量降低，所以必須做出很大努力 ( struggling) 去適應(yīng)，而低鹽食物對于他們來說，口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste… good to them) 。選項C有 accept reluctantly (勉強(qiáng)接受)表達(dá)了這層意思，所以是正確的選擇。A 、B 、D 三個選項均是錯誤的。
2. A 第四段介紹了科學(xué)家是如何設(shè)計這項研究的，它包含了研究對象的人數(shù)、性別、人選條件、咸度味感分級表等。選項 A 概括了這方面的內(nèi)容，所以是答案。而選項 B 、C、D 所述內(nèi) 容均不符合該段的意思。
3. B 短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在這里的意思是:口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster是其反義詞，即，口味清談的人。該段告訴我們，口味重的人消耗更多的鹽;因為快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人對快餐較為偏愛。選項B表達(dá)了上述內(nèi)容，所以是答案。
4. C 短文第六段提供了答案。該段告訴我們，奶醋發(fā)酵會產(chǎn)生苦味，supertasters 不喜歡苦味，而高含鹽量可以蓋住奶酷里的苦睞，這是他們偏愛高鹽奶酷的原因。所以，只有C是正確選擇。
5. A文章第七段中，Hayes引用了75年前一位遺傳學(xué)專家的實驗。從這項實驗中，Hayes 得出的結(jié)論是，Taste acuity( 味覺敏度)上的差異與他們頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異是同一類現(xiàn)象，也就是說，都是與生俱來的。第八段又說，這是一種 biological difference (生物差異)，所以 A 是答案。B 說味覺敏'度是后天形成的，顯然與作者的結(jié)論相左。C 說味覺敏度的差異與頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異有關(guān)，顯然是錯誤的。D 的內(nèi)容在最后兩段都沒有提到，所以不會是答案。
Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."
詞匯:
mice / mais / n. 老鼠(復(fù)數(shù))
sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹
bioethicist // n. 生物倫理學(xué)家
注釋:
1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹
2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我們離它遠(yuǎn)點，這里的it指代前面講的 anti-ageing technology.
練習(xí):
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?
A. Spending more time with his family.
B. Having more education.
C. Realizing more dreams.
D. Working longer.
2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?
A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.
B More and more people in the US today want to get married.
C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.
D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.
3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT
A Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.
B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.
C The job market would be more competitive.
D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.
4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that
A.it places more emphasis on educating the young.
B.it is both wise and energetic.
C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.
D.it welcomes changes.
5. Which of the following best describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?
A.Optimistic.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Reserved.
D.Negative.
答案與題解：
1. B 長壽使個人能做的事主要在第三、四段里講到，作者沒有提到長壽可以讓人更多地接受教育。
2. A 本題答案以下面的這兩句話為依據(jù):People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. 暗示美國人目前的婚姻關(guān)系已經(jīng)十分脆弱。
3. B 文章的第九段講了壽命延長、退休推遲可能帶來的種種問題，但作者沒有提到雇傭者需要更多的錢來支付員工的工資。
4. C 答案可以在第十、十一這兩段里找到。
5. C 本題的答案依據(jù)可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 認(rèn)為在搞清楚長壽社會會給我們帶來哪些問題之前，不要急著搞抗衰老的技術(shù)?？梢娝麑顾ダ霞夹g(shù)的發(fā)展是有保留的。
Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.
A. if they keep thinking of their past
B. if they believe they'll recover
C. if they put off moving on
D. if they manage to get on with their life
42 What had happened to the patients under study?
A. They had just survived an accident.
B. They had just had an operation.
C. They had just injured their colons.
D. They had just made some pouches.
43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.
A. they made the best of their current situation
B. they were good at playing function
C. they regarded normal bowel function
D. they were promised another operation
44 The other group was not as happy because ________.
A. they accepted their current situation
B. they were anxious to get better
C. they missed their previous life
D. they refused to play cards
45 What could be the message of the passage?
A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
C. Hope is what makes people move on.
D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.
解析：
41.D [解析]第二段的最后一句sometimes，if hope makes people put off getting on withtheir life，it can get in the way of happiness.有時候，如果希望使人們不能適應(yīng)自己的生活，那么希望就會阻礙幸福。也就是說，當(dāng)人們能適應(yīng)自己的生活時，就會更幸福。第五段也提到We think they weree happier because they got on with their lives. 因此選D。
42.B [解析]第三段說…studied patients who had Dew colostomies…，colostomy是結(jié)腸造口手術(shù)。因此B是正確答案。
43.A [解析]第五段說覺得幸福的那組"we think tlaey were happier because they got onwith their lives."第六段說不幸福的那組"They contrasted their current life with the life they hopedto lead，and didn't make the best of their current situation."因此覺得幸福的原因是A。
44.B [解析]答案所在段是第六段"The other group was waiting for tIleir colostomy to bereversecl."he added."Tlaey contrastecl their current life with the life they hoped to lead，and didn'tmake the best of tlaeir Current situation."由此可見，不幸福的原因是B。
45.B [解析]該題目是文章主旨題。本文的中心是說希望不一定都能帶來幸福，要能面對現(xiàn)實，適應(yīng)不幸，才會更幸福。A和c都與本文主旨不符。D中frequently(經(jīng)常地)使用不當(dāng)。B符合本文主題。 The Importance of Agriculture in China
The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is ____(1)____, which has been growing steadily.
Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of population.
Agriculture also _____(2)____ because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw material and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s, After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan "Agriculture is the foundation of the economy" has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.
___(3)___, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are ___(4)___ or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore __(5)___.
練習(xí)：
A determines the progress of industry
B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population
C either agricultural raw materials
D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry
E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry
F thus promoting both import and export
KEY : B A F C D The Invention of the telephone In the nineteenth century， the invention of the telegraph made it possible to send noises， signals， and even music over wires from one place to another. However， the human voice __1__ this way. Many inventors tried to find a __2__ to send a voice over wires， and in 1876 some of their efforts were crowned with success. ___3___ American inventors， Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray， __4__ at almost the same time. The United States Supreme Court finally had to decide which of the two __5__ the first inventor of the telephone. The Court decided __6__ Bell's favor.
Born in Edinbrug， Scotland， Bell grew up in a family __7__ was very interested in teaching people to speak. His grandfather had been an actor who left __8__ to teach elocution; his father was a teacher __9__ deaf-mutes learn how to speak.
However， probably none of the __10__ inventions gave Bell the same feeling of triumph __11__ he had on the day when he spilled some acid from his batteries. It was after he had worked for months to find ways to send something more __12__metallic twangs over the wires. Thinking Watson， __13__， was in the next room， Bell called， “Mr.Watson， __14__. I want you.” Watson was not in the next room. He was down in his laboratory， __15__ to the receiver. To Watson's surprise， he heard the words perfectly. He ran to tell Bell the news： the wires had carried Bell's voice perfectly.
EXERCISE：
1. A) had never traveled
B) never had traveled
C) was never traveled
D) never was traveled
2. A) solution
B) key
C) way
D) mean
3. A)Two
B) The two
C) The two of
D) Of two
4. A) was succeeded
B) have succeeded
C) succeeded
D) was succeeding
5. A) was
B) to be
C) being
D) having been
6. A) at
B) on
C) to
D) in
7. A) that
B)where
C) in which
D) who
8. A) a theatre
B) theatre
C) theatres
D) the treatre
9. A) which was helped
B) that was helped
C) who helped
D) who has helped
10. A) later
B) latter
C) lately
D) afterwards
11. A) like
B) to
C)which
D) as
12. A) of
B) /
C) as
D) than
13. A) being his helper
B) was his helper
C) his helper
D) to be his helper
14. A) come here
B) come up
C) go away
D) go down
15. A) besides
B) beside
C) next
D) by
Key： A C A C A D A D C A D D C A C