易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。
例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
解析： 例1意為：“她聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這使她感到恐懼?！眛hat不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故選B。例2意為：“她聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)使她恐懼的可怕聲音。”引導(dǎo)修飾noise的限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo),故選A。
2. 先行詞為reason時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
解析： 例3意為：“我早已把理由告訴他們，于是我沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議?！毕刃性~為reason時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo)，故選A。例4意為：“我已經(jīng)把為什么沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議的原因告訴他們?！眛he reason why...是常見(jiàn)搭配，答案為C。
3. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。
例5.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.
A. as B. which C. / D. whom
解析： 本句意為：“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母，他像對(duì)待親生母親一樣孝敬她。”關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并作賓語(yǔ)，不能被省略，故選D。
4．引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來(lái)代替；但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom就不能用who替換。
例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
例7.The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. /
解析： 例6意為：“你認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆嗎? 我們談到過(guò)他?！睉?yīng)選C。例7意為：“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的？”關(guān)系代詞作mentioned的賓語(yǔ)且指人時(shí)，可用who/whom/that，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略，故C是錯(cuò)的。
5．當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞只能用as ，不能用which。此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。
例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
解析： 本句意為：“正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他不相信我的話。”非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句，應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)，故答案為B。
例9.Mary was late for school,______ often happened.
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
解析： 本句意為：“瑪麗上學(xué)遲到了，這是常有的事?！备鶕?jù)句意，關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的主句，其位置非常靈活，故答案為A。
6. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)，不能用as，只能用which。
例10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.
A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which
解析： 本句意為：“他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買了這輛車，他父親對(duì)此很生氣?！眞hich位于介詞with的后面，指代前面的主句，故答案為D。