新概念頻道為大家整理的新概念課文講解第四冊Lesson7 ，供大家參考。更多閱讀請查看本站 新概念英語網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson 7 Bats 蝙蝠
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.
To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.動物發(fā)出的聲音不都是用作語言交際。我們只要看一看蝙蝠回聲定位這一極不尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn)，就可以探究一下聲音在什么情況下有絕對的實用價值。
要透徹理解這句話的意義，我們應(yīng)先回顧一下人類近的幾項發(fā)明。大家都知道，在墻壁或山腰附近發(fā)出的喊聲，就會聽到回聲。固體障礙物越遠(yuǎn)?；芈暦祷厮脮r間就越長。敲打船體所發(fā)了的聲音會從海底傳回來，測出回聲間隔的時間，便可算出該處海洋的深度。這樣就產(chǎn)生了目前各種船舶上普遍應(yīng)用的回聲探測儀。任何固體者反射聲音，反射的聲音因物體的大小和性質(zhì)的不同而不同。魚群也反射聲音。從測定海深到測定魚群，這一進展比較容易。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗和改進了的儀器，不僅能夠確定魚群的位置，而且可以根據(jù)魚群回聲的特點分辨出是鯡魚、鱈魚，這是人們所熟悉的其他魚。
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠能發(fā)出尖叫聲，并能通過回聲來確定并躲開障礙物，或找到它們賴以為生的昆蟲。蝙蝠這種回聲定位常?？膳c雷達(dá)相比較，其原理是相似的。1.bat n. 蝙蝠
2.strictly adv.明確地
3.utilitarian adj.實用的
例句：Thus it was strongly utilitarian.
它具有極強的功利性。
He is very down to earth and is a real utilitarian.
那個人很現(xiàn)實，是個十足的功利主義者。
4.appreciation n.理解
例句：Donald's research won his professor's appreciation.
唐納德的研究能力得到了教授的贊賞。
She shows little appreciation of good music.
她對于好音樂幾乎沒有欣賞能力。
5.elapse v.消逝
例句：The return of the echo will elapse longer time.
回聲返回所耗的時間越長了。
6.hull n.船體
7.interval n.間隔
例句：There was an interval of only twenty days between the two conferences.
兩次會議間隔才二十天。
8.receipt n.收到
例句：We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated July 15, 1999.
您1999年7月15日的來信已收悉。
9.apparatus n.儀器.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.
not all部分否定，見語法部分
play a role扮演角色，發(fā)揮作用
例句：Biological factors play a major role in the development of mental illness.
生物因素在精神疾病的發(fā)展過程中起著很重要作用。
turn to求助于，轉(zhuǎn)到
例句：When you come across some difficulies,you must turn to a policeman for help.
遇到問題時，必須向警察求助。
2.The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.
the 比較級表示越……越……
例句：The higher you climber,the more difficult it's for you to breath.
爬得越高，越難呼吸。
3.Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.
according to根據(jù)，按照
例句：According to the color, I would say that this jacket belongs to those trousers.
按顏色來說呢，我覺得這件夾克和那條褲子很配。
4.With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
not only,but
例句：not only，but also 不但，而且，連接兩個并列的成分。而且有時also可以省略。例句：They not only broke into his office and stole his books,but also tore up his manuscripts. 他們不僅闖進他的辦公室，偷走了他的書，而且還撕掉了他的手稿。
5.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
compare with可與…相匹敵;可與…相比;與…比較（異同）
例句：Her garden can't compare with ours.
她的花園沒法和我們的相比。
We are in a developing country, so don't compare us with developed countries in terms of material life.
咱是發(fā)展中國家，物質(zhì)生活方面別跟發(fā)達(dá)國家攀比。英語中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：
一、 all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都會長得很高。
二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非兩個……都……" 例如：
I don＇t want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開著。
三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：
Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花并不是隨處可見的。
四、 always的否定式："并非總是（并非一直）……" 例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。
五、 entirely， altogether， completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全滿意。
I don＇t agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥當(dāng)。
六、 all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：
A foolish man doesn＇t make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯錯誤。
七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。
This film is not interesting and instructive. 這部電影有趣但無教育意義。
She cannot sing and dance. 她會唱歌但不會跳舞。
如果將and 換成or，not 對其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他講的既不清楚也不正確。
如要對上述的all， both， every， always， 以及entirely， altogether， completely， quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對應(yīng)的全否定詞，如no， none， neither， no one， never， not (never)… at all 等。例如：
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don＇t trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here..To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions.
要透徹理解這句話的意義，我們應(yīng)先回顧一下人類近的幾項發(fā)明。
2.A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom,and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.
通過敲擊空船發(fā)出的聲音將會從海底反射回來，測出回聲間隔的時間，便可算出該處海洋的深度。
3.So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish.
從測定海深到測定魚群，這一進展比較容易。
4.It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes,
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠能發(fā)出尖叫聲，并能通過回聲。
5.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
蝙蝠這種回聲定位常?？膳c雷達(dá)相比較，其原理是相似的
Lesson 7 Bats 蝙蝠
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.
To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.動物發(fā)出的聲音不都是用作語言交際。我們只要看一看蝙蝠回聲定位這一極不尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn)，就可以探究一下聲音在什么情況下有絕對的實用價值。
要透徹理解這句話的意義，我們應(yīng)先回顧一下人類近的幾項發(fā)明。大家都知道，在墻壁或山腰附近發(fā)出的喊聲，就會聽到回聲。固體障礙物越遠(yuǎn)?；芈暦祷厮脮r間就越長。敲打船體所發(fā)了的聲音會從海底傳回來，測出回聲間隔的時間，便可算出該處海洋的深度。這樣就產(chǎn)生了目前各種船舶上普遍應(yīng)用的回聲探測儀。任何固體者反射聲音，反射的聲音因物體的大小和性質(zhì)的不同而不同。魚群也反射聲音。從測定海深到測定魚群，這一進展比較容易。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗和改進了的儀器，不僅能夠確定魚群的位置，而且可以根據(jù)魚群回聲的特點分辨出是鯡魚、鱈魚，這是人們所熟悉的其他魚。
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠能發(fā)出尖叫聲，并能通過回聲來確定并躲開障礙物，或找到它們賴以為生的昆蟲。蝙蝠這種回聲定位常?？膳c雷達(dá)相比較，其原理是相似的。1.bat n. 蝙蝠
2.strictly adv.明確地
3.utilitarian adj.實用的
例句：Thus it was strongly utilitarian.
它具有極強的功利性。
He is very down to earth and is a real utilitarian.
那個人很現(xiàn)實，是個十足的功利主義者。
4.appreciation n.理解
例句：Donald's research won his professor's appreciation.
唐納德的研究能力得到了教授的贊賞。
She shows little appreciation of good music.
她對于好音樂幾乎沒有欣賞能力。
5.elapse v.消逝
例句：The return of the echo will elapse longer time.
回聲返回所耗的時間越長了。
6.hull n.船體
7.interval n.間隔
例句：There was an interval of only twenty days between the two conferences.
兩次會議間隔才二十天。
8.receipt n.收到
例句：We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated July 15, 1999.
您1999年7月15日的來信已收悉。
9.apparatus n.儀器.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.
not all部分否定，見語法部分
play a role扮演角色，發(fā)揮作用
例句：Biological factors play a major role in the development of mental illness.
生物因素在精神疾病的發(fā)展過程中起著很重要作用。
turn to求助于，轉(zhuǎn)到
例句：When you come across some difficulies,you must turn to a policeman for help.
遇到問題時，必須向警察求助。
2.The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo.
the 比較級表示越……越……
例句：The higher you climber,the more difficult it's for you to breath.
爬得越高，越難呼吸。
3.Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.
according to根據(jù)，按照
例句：According to the color, I would say that this jacket belongs to those trousers.
按顏色來說呢，我覺得這件夾克和那條褲子很配。
4.With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
not only,but
例句：not only，but also 不但，而且，連接兩個并列的成分。而且有時also可以省略。例句：They not only broke into his office and stole his books,but also tore up his manuscripts. 他們不僅闖進他的辦公室，偷走了他的書，而且還撕掉了他的手稿。
5.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
compare with可與…相匹敵;可與…相比;與…比較（異同）
例句：Her garden can't compare with ours.
她的花園沒法和我們的相比。
We are in a developing country, so don't compare us with developed countries in terms of material life.
咱是發(fā)展中國家，物質(zhì)生活方面別跟發(fā)達(dá)國家攀比。英語中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：
一、 all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都會長得很高。
二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非兩個……都……" 例如：
I don＇t want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開著。
三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：
Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花并不是隨處可見的。
四、 always的否定式："并非總是（并非一直）……" 例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。
五、 entirely， altogether， completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全滿意。
I don＇t agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥當(dāng)。
六、 all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：
A foolish man doesn＇t make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯錯誤。
七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。
This film is not interesting and instructive. 這部電影有趣但無教育意義。
She cannot sing and dance. 她會唱歌但不會跳舞。
如果將and 換成or，not 對其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他講的既不清楚也不正確。
如要對上述的all， both， every， always， 以及entirely， altogether， completely， quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對應(yīng)的全否定詞，如no， none， neither， no one， never， not (never)… at all 等。例如：
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don＇t trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here..To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions.
要透徹理解這句話的意義，我們應(yīng)先回顧一下人類近的幾項發(fā)明。
2.A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom,and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.
通過敲擊空船發(fā)出的聲音將會從海底反射回來，測出回聲間隔的時間，便可算出該處海洋的深度。
3.So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish.
從測定海深到測定魚群，這一進展比較容易。
4.It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes,
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠能發(fā)出尖叫聲，并能通過回聲。
5.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
蝙蝠這種回聲定位常?？膳c雷達(dá)相比較，其原理是相似的