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        小升初英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):名詞解析

        字號(hào):

        定義:
            名詞是人類認(rèn)識(shí)事物所使用的基本詞匯,是用來(lái)表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念的名稱的詞。在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、稱呼語(yǔ)等。
            分類:
            名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞,普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
            考點(diǎn):
            1、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
            ⑴加-s。如desk-desks,dog-dogs
            ⑵以s,x,sh,ch,z等結(jié)尾,在詞尾加-es,如:class-classes,bus-buses,watch-watches
            ⑶以f或fe結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v加-es。如:knife-knives,wife-wives
            ⑷以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i,加-es。如:family-families,city-cities
            ⑸以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾,加-es。如:tomato-toamoes,hero-heroes
            ⑹特殊變化。如▲man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,child-children
            ▲sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese
            2、集合名詞做主語(yǔ)
            ⑴有些名詞不能用a,one,two等具體數(shù)詞修飾,只能在其前面加the表示“全體…”。
            如:the people,the police,the cattle等。這些詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
            ⑵有些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。
            如:public,family,class,team,group等。
            3、不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
            不可數(shù)名詞不能和數(shù)詞直接連用。他們可以和一下詞語(yǔ)或詞組連用:
            some/any,little,a little,much,a lot of等。
            a piece of,a pound of,a cup of,a bar of,a loaf of等。
            4、名詞所有格
            ⑴一般的情況在詞尾加’s,以s結(jié)尾的加s’。如:the boy’s bag,boys’ bags
            ⑵無(wú)生命東西的名詞用of屬格。如:the window of the room
            ⑶東西為兩人共有,只在后一個(gè)名詞后面加’s。如:Lily and Lucy’s room
            ⑷名詞所有格所修飾的詞,有時(shí)可以省略。如the doctor’s
            ⑸雙重所有格:▲a,an,this,that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:a friend of mine
            ▲可為名詞+of+名詞的所有格。如:a teacher of my sister’s
            小勇士們,對(duì)于名詞的概念和用法掌握的怎么樣了?下面的小測(cè)驗(yàn),幫助你查漏補(bǔ)缺,快來(lái)做做吧!
            1. Apple is a __ word.
            A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five letters
            2. All the __ in the hospital got a rise yesterday.
            A. women doctors B. woman doctors
            C. women doctor D. woman doctor
            3. After ten years, all those youngsters became __
            A. growns-up B. growns-up C. grown-up D. grown-ups
            4. The police investigated the __ about the bank robbery.
            A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D. standers-by
            5. She used to have three __ .
            A. boys friends B. boys friend C. boy friends D. boy friend
            6. The committee __ been arguing about the economic problems among themselves for many hours.
            A. have B. has C. could have D. can have
            7. Seventy percent __ illiterate in that area.
            A. is B. are C. is to be D. can have
            8. His trousers __ in his suitcase.
            A. is always kept B. are kept always
            C. are always kept D. have always been
            9. The young couple bought __ for their living room.
            A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures
            C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures
            10. Mathematics __ easy to learn.
            A. is B. are C. can D. feels
            Keys:D A D B C A B C A A
            解析:
            1、D 有“-”連字符的,在其名詞部分后加s,如 five-letters,standers-by,lookers-on;無(wú)名詞部分的,在復(fù)合詞后加s,如grown-ups。
            2、A 由man或woman作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞表職位時(shí),均用復(fù)數(shù),如men doctors,women writers。
            3、D 答案見第一題解析。
            4、B 答案見第一題解析。
            5、C 由boy或girl 作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞,要在最后詞后加-s,如boy friends,girl friends
            6、A 集體名詞被看作若干個(gè)體時(shí),具有復(fù)數(shù)概念,被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),具有單數(shù)概念。這類詞有:family,government,class,surrounding,committee,club,company
            7、B 此題在70%后省略了people。根據(jù)題意可以知道,這個(gè)地區(qū)百分之七十的人是文盲。所以用are
            8、C 具有“成雙”含義的詞,如服裝類、工具類的詞:trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),后面的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
            9、A
            Furniture 家具,不可數(shù)名詞。Many修飾可數(shù),much修飾不可數(shù),some,any都可修飾,但any用在疑問和否定句中。a few修飾可數(shù),肯定含義;a little 修飾不可數(shù),否定義。
            10、A 學(xué)科類的詞,如maths , economics , politics , electronics ,mechanics(力學(xué))等,含有復(fù)數(shù)概念。試卷盡在巨人奧數(shù)網(wǎng)。