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        Crystall老師詳細講解新概念三冊第5課課堂筆記

        字號:

        一、 補充的文化背景知識:
            I didn't fire people ,I fired the position. when the position is gone ,people have to go.
            Losing a job
            There are several ways of telling someone that they have lost their job and they're unemployed or out of work.
            Newspaper have headlines like 201JOBS AXED AT CAR FACTORY. ' you're sacked '(mainly UK)and 'you're fired ' are very aggressive ways of dismissing some one .
            We usually prefer to tell people indirectly .In Britain they say 'people have been made redundant' and in America 'people have been let go '.'we 're going to have to let you go 'suggests that the employee wants to be allowed to leave the company ,and that the company is reluctantly accepting their request. The idea is that the employee has resigned (UK)or quit (USA ),when really they've been fired.
            Sack解雇
            Aggressive 侵犯的
            Redundant冗余
            在下面的解釋中理解一下意思吧:
            1、'you're sacked 'is a pleasant way of telling someone that they're redundant
            2、'we 're going to have to let you go' is more common in American English.
            3、When you decide to leave a job for your own reason, you're fired.
            4、When someone does something wrong ,the employer might dismiss them.
            5、When someone finds a better job with another company ,they resign or quit from their old job.
            6、When business gets better, companies have to let employees go.
            7、You can quit a computer program (but you cannot resign from it).
            二、生詞
            1、Editor n.編輯
            Edit vt.編輯
            -- edit magazine, edit newspaper
            Edition n.編輯
            Editorial adj.編輯的, 主編的 n.社論, 評論
            2、extreme n.極端
            go to extreme(s) to do… 做某事走極端
            -- He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
            -- He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
            go from one extreme to the other 從一個極端走向另一個極端
            go to opposite extreme(s)
            3、statistics n.統(tǒng)計數(shù)字
            Facts speak louder than words :
            The number shows…… 數(shù)字顯示
            The statistics illustrates……統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明
            The survey depicts……通過全面調(diào)查描繪出
            The research demonstrates……調(diào)查證明
            4、journalist n.新聞記者
            reporter n.(電視臺)記者
            correspondent n.(電臺)記者, 通訊員
            5、palace n.王宮;宏偉的住宅
            Buckingham Palace 白金漢宮(英國皇宮)
            Winter Palace圣彼得堡東宮
            Summer Palace 頤和園
            6、publish v.出版 = print(vt.), go to press(vi.)
            -- The book has already been published. = The book has already been printed.
            -- The book has gone to press.
            -- They have already published the magazine.
            The magazine is published daily/weekly /monthly /quarterly/yearly
            7、impatient adj.不耐煩的
            patience(n.耐性) patient(adj.有耐心的) patiently(adv.有耐心地)
            impatience(n.不耐煩) impatient(adj.不耐煩的) impatiently(adv.不耐煩地)
            I'm getting impatient.變得不耐煩
            I'm running out tired of my patience.
            I'm fed up with this.我受夠了
            I've had enough.
            I can't take anymore.
            8、fire v.解雇(口語)
            -- He was fired from his job
            dismiss vt.解雇(正式)
            -- The manage dismissed him from his company.
            Sack vt.解雇, 辭退(俚語, 口語)
            -- If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
            9、 Originally adv.起初,原先,從前 / original adj.初的, 原始的
            三、詞組和課文
            1、Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with
            unimportant facts and statistics.
            go to extremes 走極端
            go too far to do做過頭,做過分
            go wild to do迫切的想做什么事情
            go out of one's way to do不怕麻煩的去做某件事
            provide = supply 給...提供(通常與介詞搭配連用)
            provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
            -- He provided them with a bed for the night.
            = He provided a bed for them for the night
            2、Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on
            the president's palace in a new African republic.
            本句= A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace
            in a new African republic.
            African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
            Republic n.共和國, 共和政體
            Instruct vt.教, 教導, 命令, 指示, 通知
            instruct sb to do sth.= tell sb formally to do sth 正式告訴某人做某事
            -- The teacher instructed him to take the examination.
            On = about 側(cè)重強調(diào)課題專一
            -- a book on radio
            3、When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it.
            When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
            refuse vt.拒絕(態(tài)度嚴厲)
            -- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
            decline vt.婉言謝絕
            repudiate vt.斷然拒絕
            The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's
            palace'.
            which 指代the high wall
            4、The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of
            steps and the height of the wall.
            Instructing(現(xiàn)在分詞)進一步補充說明fax的情況
            -- he send me a letter instructing me to come back immediately
            5、The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time
            to send them.
            set out to do = decide and try to do 決定, 打算, 著手做...
            = set about doing 決定, 打算, 著手做...
            -- He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
            take sb a long time to do sth 某事花了某人很久的時間
            -- It took me five days to write the article.
            6、Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
            He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
            two more faxes = another two faxes
            7、When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it
            had originally been written.
            reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉強強地, 不情愿地
            as it bad originally been written = in its original way
            8、However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the
            he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which
            surrounded the president's palace.
            he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for permission
            請求被允許做某事:be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth
            permit v.許可,允許,準許 permission n.許可, 允許
            in which -- which指代fax
            while和現(xiàn)在分詞搭配, 做時間狀語, 表示"正在做某事的過程中"。
            -- 可以用while引導的時間狀語從句去替換。
            三、課文語法:
            1、倒裝(部分倒裝)
            Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
            Not only位于句首, 必須采用倒裝形式。
            本句 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.
            倒裝:(部分倒裝)
            1>否定副詞位于句首, 要倒裝。
            never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner
            scarcely adv.幾乎不, 簡直沒有
            nowhere adv.無處, 到處都無
            -- Never have I read such stories. 我從來也沒讀過這樣的小說。
            -- Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 無論在哪他也找不到他要的書。
            -- Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不認為這是可能的。
            2>含有only的狀語位于句首, 句子要倒裝。
            -- Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
            -- Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.
            3>含有not的副詞短語位于句首, 句子要倒裝。
            not for a second 決不, 毫不 / not in the least 絕不, 一點也不
            not for an instant, not until
            -- Not in the least is he interested in English literature. 他對英國文學一點都不感興趣。
            -- Not for an instant did I believe he had lied. 我根本不認為他說了慌。
            4>含有no的短語位于句首, 句子要倒裝。
            at on time, in no way , in no sense, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition,
            under no circumstances (都表示'絕不')
            circumstance n.環(huán)境, 詳情, 境況
            -- Under no circumstances can we accept the check. 我們無論如何也不能接受這筆錢。
            -- On no account must you leave the baby in the house. 你無論如何也不能把留在房間里。
            5> so such 位于句首, 句子要倒裝。
            倒裝的用法
            1.Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again.
            2.Only then did I realize what was happening
            3.Never will I trust him again.
            4.Seldom do you find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.
            2、現(xiàn)在分詞做定語
            However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the
            he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which
            surrounded the president's palace.
            he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for permission
            while和現(xiàn)在分詞搭配, 做時間狀語, 表示"正在做某事的過程中"。
            -- 可以用while引導的時間狀語從句去替換。
            -- While counting… = while he was counting…
            現(xiàn)在分詞做定語:
            -- the steps leading to the president's palace 通向王宮的臺階。
            -- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。
            fifteen-foot做前置定語, 這里的名詞必須上單數(shù)形式。
            which引導的定語從句修飾wall, which指代wall。
            -- wall which surrounded… (= wall surrounding…)
            n 為了避免和前面的現(xiàn)在分詞句式結(jié)構(gòu)(leading)相同所以沒有用surrounding.
            牛刀小試:
            x1.─You like singing and dancing.
            ─     .
            A.So do I  B.So I do C.I do so  D.do I so
            2.Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady.     .
            A.So my mother is  B.So is my mother
            C.Is my mother so  D.my mother so is
            x3.The fairy story Snow White is very interesing.     .
            A.So it is  B.So is it C.it is so  D.is it so
            4.You didn't go for an outing at the seashore.     .
            A.Neither do I    B.Neither did I
            C.I didn't neither  D.Did neither I
            x5.Marx was born in Germany,and German was his native language.     .
            A.So it was with Engels  B.So was Engels
            C.So Engels was      D.Was Engels so
            6.─Look.There     .
            ─Oh,there     .
            A.comes the bus;comes it B.the bus comes;it comes
            C.comes the bus;it comes D.the bus comes;comes it
            x7.Not until     sixteen     to school.
            A.he was;did he go  B.he was;he went
            C.was he;he did go  D.was he;went he
            8.Not until the next morning     .
            A.did Mary come back  B.Mary came back
            C.came Mary back    D.came back Mary
            9.Hardly     when it began to rain.
            A.had he got home   B.he had got home
            C.had got home he   D.he home had got
            10.No sooner     than he fell asleep.
            A.his head had touched the pillow
            B.had his head touched the pillow
            C.touched the pillow his head had
            D.touched the pillow had his head
            11.Little     .
            A.did I think of it   B.I thought of it
            C.did think I of it   D.thought of it I
            12.Seldom     .
            A.LiLi her feelings showed B.did show LiLi her feelings
            C.LiLi showed her feelings D.did LiLi show her feelings
            13.Never before in her life     such beautiful and precious jewelry.
            A.he saw   B.did he see C.has she seen   D.she has seen
            14.Many a time     the chess competition.
            A.had taken he part in   B.he taken part in had
            C.had he taken part in   D.he had taken part in
            15.So busy     that he has no time to spare.
            A.he was    B.was he    C.he is    D.is he
            16.     with a bunch of flowers in her hand.
            A.A girl in came    B.Came in a girl
            C.In came a girl    D.A girl came in
            17.Out     .
            A.from behind a tall tree ran a little boy
            B.from behind a tall tree a little boy ran
            C.ran a little boy from behind a tall tree
            D.a little boy ran from behind a tall tree
            18.In the clear blue sky     .
            A.does shine the bright moon. B.the bright moon does shine
            C.shines the bright moon D.the bright moon shines
            19.Only in this way     .
            A.we can well do it    B.can we well do it
            c.we can do it well    D.can we do it well
            20.Only when he has finished his homework     .
            A.is able to he play with his friends for a while
            B.he able to play with is his friends for a while
            C.is he able to play with his friends for a while
            D.he is able to play with his friends for a while
            x21.     ,he continued his study.
            A.Late as it was      B.As it was late
            C.Late although it was   D.Although was it late
            22.Next door to us     .
            A.lives an old man,who is an overseas Chinese
            B.does an old man live,who is an overseas Chinese
            C.an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese
            D.an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live
            23.     as young as you,I would study hard.
            A.Was I    B.Were I    C.If I am    D.If I was
            24.     so hard,they wouldn't have won such great success.
            A.Hasn't they trained  B.If they hasn't train
            C.Hadn't they trained  D.If they didn't train
            x25.Not a single word     when he left.
            A.did speak he  B.spoke he  C.did he speak  D.he spoke
            x26.─I don't think I can walk any further.
            ─      .Let's stop here for a rest.
            A.Neither am I  B.Neither can I
            C.I think so   D.I don't think so
            27.Be quick!     .
            A.The bus comes here   B.The bus here comes
            C.Here the bus comes   D.Here comes the bus
            x28.John's not been to London.     .
            A.Ben isn't either   B.Neither is Ben
            C.Nor Ben has      D.Neither has Ben
            29.The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply.     .
            A.Charlie does so   B.Charlie did so
            C.So does Charlie   D.So did Charlie
            x30.     ,he does not know the answer.
            A.As Mr Smith is a teacher B.As Mr Smith is teacher
            C.A teacher as Mr Smith is D.Teacher as Mr Smith is
            31.     so busy,I should go with you.
            A.Were I not    B.Was I not  C.If I am not   D.I were not
            x32.In the front of the classroom     .
            A.is the desk for the teacher B.has the desk of the teacther
            C.it is a desk for the teacher D.has it a desk of the teacher
            33.On the top of the hill     .
            A.does a temple stand  B.a temple stands there
            C.stands a temple    D.a temple stands
            34.Not only     but also she likes singing.
            A.she likes painting     B.does she like painting
            C.likes painting she     D.she does like painting
            x35.Now     .
            A.comes your turn  B.does your turn come
            C.your turn comes  D.your turn does come
            x36.     happy.
            A.You may be   B.May you be C.Be you may   D.May be you
            37.The students have learned a lot from the workers and     .
            A.so the teachers have    B.have the teachers so
            C.so have the teachers    D.have so the teachers
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