Lesson 38 Water and the traveller水和旅行者
First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What does this text describe? Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste. Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. Travellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality should avoid drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source. It is best to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. Carbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly safer. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry. Boiling is always a good way of treating water. Some hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. Portable boiling elements that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is available. Refuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source. Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them. Alcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water. Ethanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 per cent; below 20 per cent, its bactericidal action is negligible. Spirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent alcohol. Beware of methylated alcohol, which is very poisonous, and should never be added to drinking water. If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. Those planning a trip to remote areas, or intending to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, should know about the various possible methods for making water safe.【參考譯文】 水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。 短途旅行到水質(zhì)不保險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)時(shí)，應(yīng)避免飲用水龍頭的水或未經(jīng)處理任何其他來源的水。僅飲用開水，瓶裝或罐裝水 -- 裝瓶廠通常遵循國際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。碳酸飲料是酸性的，就更安全一些。確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。 燒開一直是水處理的一種好辦法。有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開水，這些開水可用于飲用和刷牙。如果有相配的電壓，可以煮少量水的便攜式熱水裝置是有用的。應(yīng)謝絕任何不明來源的冷飲。 冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時(shí)才是保險(xiǎn)的，只有知道冰塊安全時(shí)才能加入飲料?？梢园扬嬃现糜诒鶋K之上來冷卻，而不是把冰塊加進(jìn)飲料之中。 酒精可能是醫(yī)學(xué)上的消毒劑，但決不可用來消毒飲用水。乙醇的濃度為50%至70%時(shí)比較有效，濃度低于20%時(shí)，殺菌能力基本上就不存在了。強(qiáng)度標(biāo)為95的酒中含有47%的酒精。要提防甲基化酒精，那是劇毒的，永遠(yuǎn)不能摻入飲用水。 如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。這種水一般是安全的。那些計(jì)劃去偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)旅行，或在飲用水不現(xiàn)成的國家居住的人，應(yīng)該知道如何使水適于飲用的各種辦法。1.contamination n. 污染 例句：There is already a high level of environmental contamination. 環(huán)境污染的程度已經(jīng)很高。
2.sanitation n. 衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備 例句：Many illnesses are the re-sult of inadequate sanita -tion. 許多疾病都來源于不健全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。
3.sewage n. 污水 例句：They city needs a new sewage disposal system. 這個(gè)城市需要一套新的污水處理系統(tǒng)。
4.leakage n. 泄漏 例句：It’s high time this leakage of information was put a stop to. 是結(jié)束這種泄密現(xiàn)象的時(shí)候了。
5.intermittent adj. 間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 例句：Did you hear the intermittent sound outside? 你聽見外面時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的聲音了嗎?
6.carbonated adj. 碳化的，碳酸的
7.acidic adj. 酸的，酸性的
8.alcohol n. 酒精
9.disinfectant n. 消毒劑
10.sterilize v. 消毒
11.ethanol n. 乙醇
12.bactericidal adj. 殺菌的
13.negligible adj. 可以忽略的，微不足道的 例句：He is a negligible person in the government. 在政府中他是個(gè)微不足道的人。
14.methylated adj. 加入甲醇的1. Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste. 參考翻譯：水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。 講解：due to由于，因?yàn)?Her absence is due to illness. 她因病缺席。 Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees. 由于天氣很冷, 所以我們無法去植樹。 due to還有其他意思： 欠下債〔賬〕, 應(yīng)給予 You have not given what is due to me. 你欠我的錢還沒有還。 The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. 欠他的工資明天會(huì)付給他。 2.Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. 參考翻譯：即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。 講解：even if即使, 縱然，表示讓步關(guān)系 I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 即使要失敗十次, 我也絕不灰心。 3.Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. 參考翻譯：斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。 講解：regard as把...認(rèn)作 I regard him as my friend. 我把他看作自己的朋友。 4.Some hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. 參考翻譯：有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開水，這些開水可用于飲用和刷牙。 講解：on request一經(jīng)要求 Catalogues of our books will be sent on request. 書籍目錄承索即寄。 5. Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them. 參考翻譯：冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時(shí)才是保險(xiǎn)的，只有知道冰塊安全時(shí)才能加入飲料。 講解：rather than(要)…而不…, 與其…倒不如… We'll have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the auditorium. 我們與其在教室里開會(huì), 不如在禮堂開會(huì)。 They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it. 他們這樣增加了而不是減少了糧食年產(chǎn)量。 6.If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. 參考翻譯：如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。 講解：too to (1)too…to 太…以至于… He is too tired to work. 他太累了，不能繼續(xù)工作。 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔? ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。 (2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。 It's never too late to mend. (諺語) 改過不嫌晚。 (3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非?！?等于very。 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。1.Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. 即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。 2.Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非常可疑的。 3.It is best to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. 僅飲用開水，瓶裝或罐裝水 -- 裝瓶廠通常遵循國際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 4. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry. 確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。 5.If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. 如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。這種水一般是安全的。
First listen and then answer the following question. 聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。 What does this text describe? Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste. Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. Travellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality should avoid drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source. It is best to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. Carbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly safer. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry. Boiling is always a good way of treating water. Some hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. Portable boiling elements that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is available. Refuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source. Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them. Alcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water. Ethanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 per cent; below 20 per cent, its bactericidal action is negligible. Spirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent alcohol. Beware of methylated alcohol, which is very poisonous, and should never be added to drinking water. If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. Those planning a trip to remote areas, or intending to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, should know about the various possible methods for making water safe.【參考譯文】 水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。 短途旅行到水質(zhì)不保險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)時(shí)，應(yīng)避免飲用水龍頭的水或未經(jīng)處理任何其他來源的水。僅飲用開水，瓶裝或罐裝水 -- 裝瓶廠通常遵循國際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。碳酸飲料是酸性的，就更安全一些。確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。 燒開一直是水處理的一種好辦法。有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開水，這些開水可用于飲用和刷牙。如果有相配的電壓，可以煮少量水的便攜式熱水裝置是有用的。應(yīng)謝絕任何不明來源的冷飲。 冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時(shí)才是保險(xiǎn)的，只有知道冰塊安全時(shí)才能加入飲料?？梢园扬嬃现糜诒鶋K之上來冷卻，而不是把冰塊加進(jìn)飲料之中。 酒精可能是醫(yī)學(xué)上的消毒劑，但決不可用來消毒飲用水。乙醇的濃度為50%至70%時(shí)比較有效，濃度低于20%時(shí)，殺菌能力基本上就不存在了。強(qiáng)度標(biāo)為95的酒中含有47%的酒精。要提防甲基化酒精，那是劇毒的，永遠(yuǎn)不能摻入飲用水。 如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。這種水一般是安全的。那些計(jì)劃去偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)旅行，或在飲用水不現(xiàn)成的國家居住的人，應(yīng)該知道如何使水適于飲用的各種辦法。1.contamination n. 污染 例句：There is already a high level of environmental contamination. 環(huán)境污染的程度已經(jīng)很高。
2.sanitation n. 衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)備 例句：Many illnesses are the re-sult of inadequate sanita -tion. 許多疾病都來源于不健全的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。
3.sewage n. 污水 例句：They city needs a new sewage disposal system. 這個(gè)城市需要一套新的污水處理系統(tǒng)。
4.leakage n. 泄漏 例句：It’s high time this leakage of information was put a stop to. 是結(jié)束這種泄密現(xiàn)象的時(shí)候了。
5.intermittent adj. 間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 例句：Did you hear the intermittent sound outside? 你聽見外面時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的聲音了嗎?
6.carbonated adj. 碳化的，碳酸的
7.acidic adj. 酸的，酸性的
8.alcohol n. 酒精
9.disinfectant n. 消毒劑
10.sterilize v. 消毒
11.ethanol n. 乙醇
12.bactericidal adj. 殺菌的
13.negligible adj. 可以忽略的，微不足道的 例句：He is a negligible person in the government. 在政府中他是個(gè)微不足道的人。
14.methylated adj. 加入甲醇的1. Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste. 參考翻譯：水源的污染通常是由于接近水源的地方衛(wèi)條件太差而造成的：污水排入水源，污水滲入給水系統(tǒng)或工農(nóng)業(yè)污水造成污染。 講解：due to由于，因?yàn)?Her absence is due to illness. 她因病缺席。 Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees. 由于天氣很冷, 所以我們無法去植樹。 due to還有其他意思： 欠下債〔賬〕, 應(yīng)給予 You have not given what is due to me. 你欠我的錢還沒有還。 The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. 欠他的工資明天會(huì)付給他。 2.Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. 參考翻譯：即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。 講解：even if即使, 縱然，表示讓步關(guān)系 I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 即使要失敗十次, 我也絕不灰心。 3.Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. 參考翻譯：斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非?？梢傻?。 講解：regard as把...認(rèn)作 I regard him as my friend. 我把他看作自己的朋友。 4.Some hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. 參考翻譯：有的酒店根據(jù)要求可提供開水，這些開水可用于飲用和刷牙。 講解：on request一經(jīng)要求 Catalogues of our books will be sent on request. 書籍目錄承索即寄。 5. Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them. 參考翻譯：冰塊只有當(dāng)制造冰塊的水安全時(shí)才是保險(xiǎn)的，只有知道冰塊安全時(shí)才能加入飲料。 講解：rather than(要)…而不…, 與其…倒不如… We'll have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the auditorium. 我們與其在教室里開會(huì), 不如在禮堂開會(huì)。 They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it. 他們這樣增加了而不是減少了糧食年產(chǎn)量。 6.If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. 參考翻譯：如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。 講解：too to (1)too…to 太…以至于… He is too tired to work. 他太累了，不能繼續(xù)工作。 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔? ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。 (2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。 It's never too late to mend. (諺語) 改過不嫌晚。 (3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非?！?等于very。 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。1.Even if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. 即使管道供水系統(tǒng)在水源處安全的，等水到達(dá)龍頭時(shí)就不一定總是安全的了。 2.Intermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect. 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的水管應(yīng)該被視為是非常可疑的。 3.It is best to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. 僅飲用開水，瓶裝或罐裝水 -- 裝瓶廠通常遵循國際水處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 4. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry. 確保瓶子是當(dāng)你面開啟的，瓶口清潔干燥。 5.If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. 如果沒有其他安全的飲用水，水管中流出的燙手的水可以留下來冷卻。這種水一般是安全的。