22、
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting iii, new study findings suggest. is an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or fluvirus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” 5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.
“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,”explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style”. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
詞匯：
bay/bei/n.絕境，窮途末路 flu/flu:/流感/(influenza的簡稱)流(行性)感(冒) virus/5vaiErEs/n.病毒 disposition/dispE5ziFEn/n.本性，性情
psychosomatic/7saikEusEu5mAtik/adj.心身的，身心的 boost/bu:st/v.提高，舉起
scratchy/5skrAtFi/adj.刺痛的，使人發(fā)癢的 runny/5rQnI/adj.流粘液的
pittsburgh/5pitsbE:^/n.匹茲堡(美國城市) colleague/5kCli:^/n.同事
susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易感的，敏感的
catch/kAtF/vt.感染到 trait/treit/n.特質(zhì);特性 perceive/pE5si:v/vt.發(fā)覺，覺察;理解 energetic/7enE5dVetik/.adj.精力充沛的，精神飽滿的easy-going /i:zi5gEuin/adj.隨和的 tense/tens/adj.緊張的 hostile/5hCstail/adj.敵意的 nasal/5neizEl/adj.鼻的 ache/eik/n.(長時(shí)間連續(xù)的)疼痛，酸痛 sneeze/sni:z/vi打噴嚏 congestion/kEn5dVestFEn/n.充血 mucus/5mju:kE s/n.粘液woe/wEu/n.痛苦，苦惱;(復(fù))災(zāi)難，苦頭
注釋：
1.Warm People likely to Keep Cold Gt Bay：情緒樂觀的人不易患感冒。warm people原意是“熱心腸的人，情緒高昂的人”，keep/hold…to bay是“使……走投無路，不使……接近”的意思，因此本題目如果直譯則是”情緒高昂的人可能讓感冒不能得逞”或“情緒高昂的人可能遠(yuǎn)離感冒”或“情緒高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。
2.staying positive：保持積極向上(的情緒)
3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus：使健康的志愿者接觸感冒(病毒)或流感病毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面臨”，這里expose sb.to sth。是“使……接觸……”的意思。
4.sunny disposition：樂觀開朗的個性
5.positive emotional style：樂觀情緒型，情緒積極型
6.scratchy throat：嗓子痛
7.susceptible to：對……敏感的，容易受到……影響的
8.as to：關(guān)于，至于
練習(xí)：
1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think
A that their illness is very serious
B that their illness is not so serious
C that they do not get any illness at all
D that the illness they get is not a mild one
2. People with a positive emotional style may have all of the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT
A happy
B selfish
C easy-going
D energetic
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negativeemotional style may have?
A Hostile.
B Unhappy.
C Warm-blooded.
D Tense.
4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?
A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.
B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.
C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.
D By investigating everyone’s characteristics, interests and hobbies.
5. Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?
A Mucus production.
B Aches and pains.
C Sneezing or congestion.
D Blood test.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： B,B,C,A,D
23、
Teamwork in Tourism
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.
Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(1)____. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(2)____.
Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.
Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.
The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.
A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.
B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.
C in preparing effective advertising campaigns
D as a result tourism is flouring in all countries
E hotels rely upon agencies
F to explain destinations
1、 A B C D E F
2、 A B C D E F
3、 A B C D E F
4、 A B C D E F
5、 A B C D E F
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： C,B,F,E,A
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting iii, new study findings suggest. is an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or fluvirus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.
The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” 5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.
“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,”explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style”. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
詞匯：
bay/bei/n.絕境，窮途末路 flu/flu:/流感/(influenza的簡稱)流(行性)感(冒) virus/5vaiErEs/n.病毒 disposition/dispE5ziFEn/n.本性，性情
psychosomatic/7saikEusEu5mAtik/adj.心身的，身心的 boost/bu:st/v.提高，舉起
scratchy/5skrAtFi/adj.刺痛的，使人發(fā)癢的 runny/5rQnI/adj.流粘液的
pittsburgh/5pitsbE:^/n.匹茲堡(美國城市) colleague/5kCli:^/n.同事
susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易感的，敏感的
catch/kAtF/vt.感染到 trait/treit/n.特質(zhì);特性 perceive/pE5si:v/vt.發(fā)覺，覺察;理解 energetic/7enE5dVetik/.adj.精力充沛的，精神飽滿的easy-going /i:zi5gEuin/adj.隨和的 tense/tens/adj.緊張的 hostile/5hCstail/adj.敵意的 nasal/5neizEl/adj.鼻的 ache/eik/n.(長時(shí)間連續(xù)的)疼痛，酸痛 sneeze/sni:z/vi打噴嚏 congestion/kEn5dVestFEn/n.充血 mucus/5mju:kE s/n.粘液woe/wEu/n.痛苦，苦惱;(復(fù))災(zāi)難，苦頭
注釋：
1.Warm People likely to Keep Cold Gt Bay：情緒樂觀的人不易患感冒。warm people原意是“熱心腸的人，情緒高昂的人”，keep/hold…to bay是“使……走投無路，不使……接近”的意思，因此本題目如果直譯則是”情緒高昂的人可能讓感冒不能得逞”或“情緒高昂的人可能遠(yuǎn)離感冒”或“情緒高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。
2.staying positive：保持積極向上(的情緒)
3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus：使健康的志愿者接觸感冒(病毒)或流感病毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面臨”，這里expose sb.to sth。是“使……接觸……”的意思。
4.sunny disposition：樂觀開朗的個性
5.positive emotional style：樂觀情緒型，情緒積極型
6.scratchy throat：嗓子痛
7.susceptible to：對……敏感的，容易受到……影響的
8.as to：關(guān)于，至于
練習(xí)：
1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think
A that their illness is very serious
B that their illness is not so serious
C that they do not get any illness at all
D that the illness they get is not a mild one
2. People with a positive emotional style may have all of the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT
A happy
B selfish
C easy-going
D energetic
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negativeemotional style may have?
A Hostile.
B Unhappy.
C Warm-blooded.
D Tense.
4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?
A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.
B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.
C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.
D By investigating everyone’s characteristics, interests and hobbies.
5. Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?
A Mucus production.
B Aches and pains.
C Sneezing or congestion.
D Blood test.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： B,B,C,A,D
23、
Teamwork in Tourism
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.
Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(1)____. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(2)____.
Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.
Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.
The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.
A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.
B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.
C in preparing effective advertising campaigns
D as a result tourism is flouring in all countries
E hotels rely upon agencies
F to explain destinations
1、 A B C D E F
2、 A B C D E F
3、 A B C D E F
4、 A B C D E F
5、 A B C D E F
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： C,B,F,E,A